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The paper analyses the narratives of sixty-three sperm donor conceived adults in France and the United Kingdom about their connection with the donor. First, it examines the way in which anonymity produces a specific connectedness between donors and those they have helped to conceive. Secondly, it looks at the stories of encounters with the donor through first contacts, first meetings and the establishment of relationships over time. Finally, the relationships that are established (or not) more widely with the relatives of donor-conceived people and donors are considered. As a whole, the paper shows how these relationships emerge outside any existing reference point, leading their protagonists to build their limits and principles as they unfold., L'intervention propose une analyse des discours et récits de soixante-trois adultes conçu·e·s par don de sperme en France et au Royaume-Uni à propos de leur connexion avec le donneur. Elle construit un parcours examinant d'abord lla manière dont l'anonymat produit un mode relationnel particulier entre les donneurs et celles et ceux qu'ils ont permis de concevoir. Elle se penche ensuite sur les récits de rencontre avec le donneur à travers les premières prises de contacts, les premières rencontres et l'établissement de liens sur la durée. Enfin, les liens qui s'établissent (ou non) plus largement avec les apparenté·e·s des personnes conçues par don et des donneurs sont considérés. L'ensemble montre combien ces relations émergent en dehors de tout repère existant, amenant leurs protagonistes à en construire les limites et les principes au fur et à mesure qu'elles se déroulent.

A paper that presents the practices and trajectories of the search for origins of sperm donor conceived adults in France and the United Kingdom. These searches are most often undertaken through direct-to-consumer DNA testing. I show how the "genetic" information gathered from these tests is put into a narrative, making DNA one clue among others in the search for origins.; Une intervention qui présente les pratiques et les parcours de recherche des origines d'adultes conçu·e·s par don de sperme en France et au Royaume-Uni. Ces recherches sont le plus souvent entreprises par l'intermédiaire de tests ADN direct-to-consumer. Je montre comment les informations "génétiques" qui en sont tirées sont mises en récit, faisant de l'ADN un indice parmi d'autres dans la recherche des origines.

A paper that presents the practices and trajectories of the search for origins of sperm donor conceived adults in France and the United Kingdom. These searches are most often undertaken through direct-to-consumer DNA testing. I show how the "genetic" information gathered from these tests is put into a narrative, making DNA one clue among others in the search for origins., Une intervention qui présente les pratiques et les parcours de recherche des origines d'adultes conçu·e·s par don de sperme en France et au Royaume-Uni. Ces recherches sont le plus souvent entreprises par l'intermédiaire de tests ADN direct-to-consumer. Je montre comment les informations "génétiques" qui en sont tirées sont mises en récit, faisant de l'ADN un indice parmi d'autres dans la recherche des origines.

The paper gives a presentation of the article entitled "'Who do I look like': Kinning and resemblance in the experience of French donor conceived adults", published in Antropologia (vol.6, n°2 NS, 2019, p.45-62).; L'intervention propose une présentation de l'article "'Who do I look like': Kinning and resemblance in the experience of French donor conceived adults" paru dans la revue Antropologia (vol.6, n°2 NS, 2019, p.45-62).

En France, un enfant sur 30 est désormais conçu grâce à une technique d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), qu’il s’agisse d’une fécondation in vitro (FIV) ou d’une insémination artificielle (IA). La FIV est à elle seule à l’origine de la naissance d’un enfant sur 40. Cette proportion croît de manière linéaire depuis plus de trois décennies. Globalement, 300 000 enfants ont été conçus par FIV entre 1981 et fin 2014. Si la tendance se poursuit, un total de 400 000 sera atteint fin 2019. Seul 5 % de l’activité d’AMP française est réalisée avec un don de gamètes, en général de spermatozoïde, les dons d’ovocytes connaissant une pénurie importante. La législation française restreint l’accès de l’AMP aux couples hétérosexuels d’âge reproductif. Dans ce contexte législatif et organisationnel, des Français vont à l’étranger pour pouvoir accéder à une AMP avec don de gamètes, ils se tournent vers l’Espagne, la Grèce, la République tchèque, la Belgique ou le Danemark.

International audience

This paper addresses the question of circulation through the notion of transmission in donor conception. On the basis of a study conducted with sperm donor conceived adults in France, the question of transmission is successively analysed from the father and from the donor angle. It appears that the participants’ discourse on their father’s transmission carries concerns regarding their affiliation to him, while the donor’s rather brings issues concerning their personal identity. The last part of the paper opens a discussion on the effects of transmission on the representations of incest prohibitions., La communication traite de la question de la circulation à travers la notion de transmission dans l'assistance médicale à la procréation avec tiers donneur. Sur la base d'une enquête menée avec des adultes conçu·e·s par don de sperme en France, la question de la transmission est analysée successivement vis à vis du père et du donneur. Il apparaît que dans le discours des participant·e·s, la transmission paternelle comportent des réflexions concernant leur appartenance à leur père tandis que celle du donneur s'exprime plutôt en termes d'identité personnelle. La dernière partie de la communication ouvre une discussion sur les effets de la transmission sur les représentations de l'interdit de l'inceste.

International audience; À partir de deux études de cas ethnographiques recueillies en France et au Cameroun, cet article analyse, au prisme du genre, la mobilité transnationalede deux couples d’Afrique subsaharienne confrontés à l’infertilité. Les deux cas révèlent un processus similaire de désengagement masculin articulé à une volonté acharnée de la femme à être enceinte. Le travail reproductive avec assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP,) s’il peut reveler des pratiques d’émancipation par rapport à des normes socioculturelles (notamment en termes de relations conjugales avec un refus de la polygamie), continue néanmoins de reposer sur les femmes et ne remet pas en cause la dichotomie entre travail productif masculin et travail reproductive féminin.

International audience; Study question. This study aimed to estimate cumulative parenthood rates (PR) 7 to 9 years after IVF initiation, including various paths to parenthood (treatment, spontaneous conception and adoption).Summary answer. Seventy-one percent of couples had achieved parenthood 7 to 9 years after IVF initiation: 48% following IVF or another treatment (in the inclusion centre or elsewhere at a later date), 12% following spontaneous conception and 11% through adoption.What is known already. Many studies have investigated cumulative live-birth rates following IVF treatment, but few have examined long-term cumulative parenthood rates among IVF-treated couples, including spontaneous live births. Even fewer studies have considered adoption as a path to parenthood.Study design, size, duration. The DAIFI study is a retrospective cohort including 6,507 couples who began IVF in 2000-2002 in eight French IVF centres. Medical data on all couples were obtained from centre databases, and information on long-term outcome was available for the 2,321 participants in the 2008-2010 postal survey.Participants/materials, setting, methods. Of the 6,507 couples, 2,691 achieved parenthood during IVF treatment in the inclusion centre. Of the 3,816 unsuccessfully treated couples, 1,100 participated in the postal survey. Parenthood outcome was unknown for 2,716 couples. Different missing data methods were used to estimate cumulative PR among all unsuccessfully treated couples.Main results and the role of chance. Only very slight differences were observed in the cumulative PR estimated using the different methods (inverse probability weighting, multiple imputation and a combination of both) and with the complete case approach. In unsuccessfully treated couples, cumulative PR ranged from 32% to 33% when adoptions were not included, vs 50% to 51% when adoptions were included. For all 6,507 couples, the global cumulative parenthood rate was estimated at 71%, including 48% following IVF or another treatment, 12% following spontaneous conception and 11% through adoption.Limitations, reason for caution. The Hosmer-Lemeshow tests and areas under the ROC curves showed satisfactory goodness of fit for the prediction models used for participation and parenthood achievement. However, we cannot rule out that some unmeasured factors might impact on achieving parenthood, especially sociodemographic and psychological factors.Wider implications of the findings. This study provides a complete longitudinal overview of paths to parenthood among couples successfully and unsuccessfully treated by IVF. These results should give hope to infertile couples as nearly three couples out of four finally became parents 7 to 9 years after initiation of IVF treatment. However, IVF is not the only path to parenthood and couples should be informed of the other possible avenues.Study funding/competing interest(s). This project was supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche [n°ANR-06-BLAN-0221-01]. None of the authors have any competing interest.Trial registration number. Not applicable.

International audience; Introduction – The objective of the study was to evaluate the probability for a couple beginning an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in an ART (assisted reproductive technologies) centre of finally succeeding in their parental project through treatment, natural conception or adoption of a child.Methods – A retrospective cohort study was carried out in eight ART centres in France including 6,507 couples who had a first IVF attempt in the centre in 2000-2002. The long-term outcome of these couples was analysed from the databases of the ART centres, and based on a mail survey carried out in 2008-2010 among the couples, which yielded 2,321 questionnaires.Results and conclusion – The IVF treatment in the inclusion ART centre enabled 41% of the couples to have a child. Among the couples who had nochild during treatment in the centre of inclusion, 49% succeeded in their parental project in the following years (39% according to a low estimation).Finally, 70% of the couples (64% according to the low estimation) succeeded in their parental project during or after IVF treatment, 48% after medicaltreatment (IVF or other), 11% by natural conception, and 11% through adoption.; Introduction – L’objectif est de mesurer les chances, pour un couple débutant un traitement par fécondation in vitro (FIV) dans un centre d’AMP, de finalement réaliser son projet parental grâce aux traitements, suite à une conception naturelle ou à l’adoption d’un enfant.Méthodes – Une étude de cohorte rétrospective a été menée dans huit centres d’AMP en France auprès de 6 507 couples ayant réalisé unepremière FIV dans le centre en 2000-2002. Le parcours de ces couples a été reconstitué à partir des bases de données des centres d’AMP et d’uneenquête postale menée en 2008-2010 auprès des couples, qui a permis de collecter 2 321 questionnaires.Résultats et conclusion – Le traitement par FIV dans le centre d’AMP d’inclusion a permis à 41% des couples d’avoir un enfant. Parmi les couplesn’ayant pas eu d’enfant durant le traitement dans le centre d’inclusion, 49% ont réalisé leur projet parental dans les années qui ont suivi (39% selon une estimation basse). Au final, 70% des couples (64% selon l’estimation basse) ont réalisé leur projet parental durant ou après le traitement par FIV : 48% grâce aux traitements médicaux (FIV ou autre), 11% suite à une conception naturelle et 11% en adoptant un enfant.

Introduction – The objective of the study was to evaluate the probability for a couple beginning an in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment in an ART (assisted reproductive technologies) centre of finally succeeding in their parental project through treatment, natural conception or adoption of a child.Methods – A retrospective cohort study was carried out in eight ART centres in France including 6,507 couples who had a first IVF attempt in the centre in 2000-2002. The long-term outcome of these couples was analysed from the databases of the ART centres, and based on a mail survey carried out in 2008-2010 among the couples, which yielded 2,321 questionnaires.Results and conclusion – The IVF treatment in the inclusion ART centre enabled 41% of the couples to have a child. Among the couples who had nochild during treatment in the centre of inclusion, 49% succeeded in their parental project in the following years (39% according to a low estimation).Finally, 70% of the couples (64% according to the low estimation) succeeded in their parental project during or after IVF treatment, 48% after medicaltreatment (IVF or other), 11% by natural conception, and 11% through adoption., Introduction – L’objectif est de mesurer les chances, pour un couple débutant un traitement par fécondation in vitro (FIV) dans un centre d’AMP, de finalement réaliser son projet parental grâce aux traitements, suite à une conception naturelle ou à l’adoption d’un enfant.Méthodes – Une étude de cohorte rétrospective a été menée dans huit centres d’AMP en France auprès de 6 507 couples ayant réalisé unepremière FIV dans le centre en 2000-2002. Le parcours de ces couples a été reconstitué à partir des bases de données des centres d’AMP et d’uneenquête postale menée en 2008-2010 auprès des couples, qui a permis de collecter 2 321 questionnaires.Résultats et conclusion – Le traitement par FIV dans le centre d’AMP d’inclusion a permis à 41% des couples d’avoir un enfant. Parmi les couplesn’ayant pas eu d’enfant durant le traitement dans le centre d’inclusion, 49% ont réalisé leur projet parental dans les années qui ont suivi (39% selon une estimation basse). Au final, 70% des couples (64% selon l’estimation basse) ont réalisé leur projet parental durant ou après le traitement par FIV : 48% grâce aux traitements médicaux (FIV ou autre), 11% suite à une conception naturelle et 11% en adoptant un enfant.

International audience

International audience

International audience; INTRODUCTION. Spontaneous live births (SLB) after in vitro fertilisation (IVF) treatment are not unusual, but reported SLB rates vary widely and little is known of their associated factors. Our objective was to examine the frequency of SLB and their associated factors among couples who had had IVF, successfully or unsuccessfully.METHODS. A retrospective cohort of couples was recruited in eight French IVF centers. The couples had begun IVF treatment in the participating centers between 2000 and 2002, and were followed-up by postal questionnaire between 2008 and 2010. Analysis was carried out on 2134 couples who were still together at the time of the postal survey. Separate analyses were conducted according to theoutcome of medical treatment: live birth (n¼1320) or no (n¼814). Multivariate analysis that included socio-demographic and medicalcharacteristics was conducted using logistic regression.RESULTS. The SLB rate was 17% among couples who had had a first live birth through medical treatment and 24% among couples whohad unsuccessful treatment. In both groups, SLB was associated with younger age of the women, fewer IVF attempts and the originof infertility. In couples who had not been successful with IVF, SLB was also associated with a shorter duration of infertility.CONCLUSION. Even in a population which had had IVF because of a very low monthly probability of conception, SLB is still possible,especially among couples who did not succeed in having a child through fertility treatment. Occurrence of SLB was mainly related to a better initial fertility prognosis.

International audience; En France, 5% des naissances font suite à une conception qui a été aidée médicalement. Dans la moitié des cas, la femme a suivi un simple traitement de stimulation hormonale tandis que l’autre moitié a suivi des procédures plus lourdes relevant des techniques d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP). Durant l’année 2006, plus de vingt mille enfants ont été conçus grâce à ces techniques d’AMP, dans la majorité des cas (70%), la technique mise en œuvre est celle de fécondation in vitro (FIV).Le traitement de l’infertilité par fécondation in vitro a connu un développement constant depuis 30 ans. Prêt de 200 000 enfants ont été ainsi conçus en France. A l’horizon de 2010, la proportion d’enfants conçus par FIV devrait dépasser les 2%. Ce développement de la FIV en France est proche des tendances observées chez nos voisins allemands et anglais, et reste bien inférieur au développement atteint dans les pays scandinaves.Depuis quinze ans, la technique de FIV avec ICSI a connu un développement très important pour devenir la technique la plus utilisée en France, comme dans les autres pays d’Europe.Malgré ces réussites techniques, les taux de succès en FIV diminuent rapidement chez les femmes âgées de plus de 35 ans, qui représentent entre 40 et 55% des femmes prises en charge selon les pays.

International audience; En 2003, une naissance française sur 20 (5 %) a été obtenue à l’issue d’un traitement ou d’une technique médicale. Dans la moitié des cas (2,4 %), il s’agit de sim­ples stimulations ovariennes, et dans l’autre, d’insémi­nation artificielle (0,8 %) ou de fécondation in vitro (FIV) (1,7 %). La proportion de naissances obtenues par la seule technique de FIV n’a cessé de progresser au cours des vingt dernières années, passant de 0,52 % des enfants conçus par FIV en 1988 à 1,74 % en 2006. Cette progression continue résulte à la fois d’un recours plus fréquent à la FIV et d’un meilleur taux de succès (actuellement 20 à 25 % des tentatives mènent à la naissance d’au moins un enfant vivant). Pour 97 % des enfants conçus par FIV en France, il n’y a ni don de sperme ni don d’ovules et les deux parents sociaux sont également les « parents » génétiques. Les FIV avec don ont conduit à la naissance de seulement 304 enfants par don de spermatozoïdes en 2006, 106 enfants par don d’ovules et 10 enfants par accueil d’embryons.

International audience; INTRODUCTION. Spontaneous live births (SLB) after in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment are not unusual, but reported SLB rates vary widely and little is known of their associated factors. Moreover, most studies, especially those investigating SLB after unsuccessful IVF treatment, have been conducted in a rather limited number of couples. Our objective was to examine the frequency of SLB and their associated factors among couples who had had IVF, successfully or unsuccessfully.POPULATION AND METHODS. A retrospective cohort of couples was recruited in eight French IVF centers. The couples had begun IVF treatment between 2000 and 2002. They were followed up by postal questionnaire sent seven to nine years after they had started IVF treatment in their inclusion center. SLB were studied among 2,134 couples who were still together at the time of the postal survey. Separate analyses were conducted according to the outcome of medical treatment: live birth (n = 1,320) or no live birth (n = 814). Multivariate analysis that included socio-demographic and medical characteristics of the couples was conducted using logistic regression.RESULTS. Of the 1,320 couples who had already obtained a live birth through medical treatment, 17% later had an SLB (286 spontaneous pregnancies leading to 218 SLB). The median interval between the two births was 33 months. In this group, the women’s median age at the first attempt was 32 years [29-35].Of the 814 couples who had unsuccessful IVF treatment, 24% later had an SLB (220 spontaneous pregnancies leading to 193 SLB). The women’s median age at the first attempt was 34 years [31-38]. The spontaneous pregnancy was the reason for discontinuing IVF treatment for 13% (n=29) of these couples. When treatment had been discontinued before the occurrence of the spontaneous pregnancy, the median interval between the first IVF attempt and the SLB was 28 months [16-41], and the median time elapsed since the initial pregnancy attempt was 6 years [5-7].In both the successful and the unsuccessful groups, the probability of SLB decreased among older women and with increasing number of IVF attempts. SLB was associated with medical characteristics: probability tended to be higher when the origin of infertility was a female factor or was unexplained (compared with a male origin). Duration of infertility and transfer of at least one embryo during IVF treatment were also associated with SLB among unsuccessful couples (but not among successful couples). Already having a child before starting IVF in the inclusion center was not associated with SLB.CONCLUSIONS. Based on a large sample of spontaneous live births (n = 411), the frequency of SLB was estimated at 17% among couples who had already had a child through medical treatment and 24% among those who had been treated unsuccessfully. The probability of SLB decreases in older women, in agreement with the literature. Other factors associated with SLB are the indicators of the seriousness of infertility. Couples with SLB had a better prognosis when starting IVF treatment than those who had no SLB: they had a shorter duration of infertility, had undergone fewer IVF attempts and their infertility was more often unexplained or due to a female factor. These prognostic factors appeared to have a lower impact in couples who already had a child by IVF. To conclude, even in a population which had had IVF because of a very low monthly probability of conception, spontaneous live birth is still possible, especially among couples who did not succeed in having a child through fertility treatment.