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Background: The Perceived Physical Literacy Instrument (PPLI) has been the most adopted physical literacy instrument designed for adults to date, having been already translated to 5 languages. Still, despite its popularity, there is limited evidence of its psychometric properties. The aim of this study was to translate and adapt cross-culturally the PPLI to the Portuguese language and to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version in a sample of Portuguese-speaking adults. Methods: The study sample was composed of 434 participants (70% females) with a median age of 25 (18–39) years. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess psychometric properties of the scale. In addition, instrument assumptions between sexes through invariance testing were examined. Finally, concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, and test–retest agreement analyses were performed to gather additional evidence. Results: The results of the present study generally supported the measurement model. The 9-item, 3-factor model presented a good fit to the data and adequate construct validity (χ2 = 82.859 [24], P <.001, comparative-fit index =.948, Tucker–Lewis index =.922, standardized root mean square residual =.049, root mean square error of approximation =.075). In addition, the scale presented concurrent validity. Some issues arose with measurement invariance and overtime consistency. Conclusions: Considering the lack of validated instruments, we suggest a fair use of Portuguese version of PPLI to access physical literacy in adults. This study contributes to the validation of the PPLI by providing evidence of its psychometric properties in the Portuguese-speaking adult population and facilitates comparative analysis with previous and future studies utilizing the PPLI instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In our routine pediatric dental practice, many of us encounter parents and caretakers of Children with Special Health Care Needs (CSHCN) who complain about the difficulties they face in daily tooth brushing of their children. Some parents may have to accept defeat as their children face overwhelming medical conditions to cater to; ultimately leading to paradigm shift of oral hygiene leading to increase of dental caries and gingival problems. Aims and Objectives: To develop and validate a comprehensive tool that can help us in assessing parent related stressors and coping factors with regard to maintenance of oral hygiene of their children. Materials and Methods: Data related to stress and coping factors encountered during maintenance of oral hygiene of their children and their experiences during the child's dental treatment (if any) were collected from parents of CSHCN. Validation and feedback from content evaluation panel experts were done. Results: A comprehensive assessment tool with 45 items (29 stresses related items and 16 coping related items) was developed after validation. Conclusion: We could develop and validate a 'Stress and Coping Assessment Tool associated with maintaining Oral health among Children with Special health care needs' – abbreviated as "SCATOCS" with a hope to benefit and manage oral health care to the referred population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the population ages, the demand for social and health systems grows, especially due to chronic diseases and dependency. Informal caregivers, particularly women, face significant burdens including physical, emotional, and financial strain. Current caregiving assessment tools focus on those already in caregiving roles or health professionals, with no tools for the general population without prior caregiving experience. Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate the Spanish COMCAPCARE scale, which assesses the skills and abilities necessary to care for dependent individuals, including those nearing the end of life, among individuals without prior caregiving experience. Methods: A scale validation study was conducted. A Delphi panel of 13 experts developed an 18-item scale, which was administered to 253 participants over the age of 18 who had not previously served as primary caregivers. Main measurements were psychometric analyses, including principal components analysis (PCA) and reliability testing using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient. Correlation with a single-item self-assessment of caregiving competence was verified through Spearman's rho. Results: A total of 253 participants (73.9% women) with a mean age of 33 years (SD 13.7) participated. The scale identified 3 factors: financial and work situation (4 items), adaptability (8 items), and care and communication (6 items). The total scale demonstrated high reliability (α = 0.84) and significant correlations between the scale's total score and a single-item self-assessment of caregiving competence (r = 0.693, P <.001). Conclusions: The Spanish COMCAPCARE scale provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing caregiving competencies in the general population without caregiving experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research paper aims to address the scarcity of social sustainability (SS) in construction by developing a Social Sustainability Assessment Tool (SocSAT), further demonstrating the tool's applicability in measuring SS practices across the construction project life cycle. Design/methodology/approach: Various research methods were used to establish the assessment criteria, including literature review, focused group discussions and structured interviews. Subsequently, the SocSAT was developed using proprietary spreadsheet software, which was further demonstrated its applicability and validity using ten project case studies. Findings: The SocSAT was built on 19 indicators for pre-construction, 25 indicators for construction, and 4 indicators for post-construction phases. The SocSAT offers a comprehensive means for practitioners to assess and monitor SS practices across project phases. The findings indicate that the SocSAT is a straightforward and user-friendly assessment tool that enables practitioners to self-diagnose and better comprehend the present SS practices across the project life cycle. Research limitations/implications: Limitations include the context-specific nature of validating the SocSAT. Practical implications: SocSAT enables construction practitioners to monitor and improve their SS practices effectively, facilitating informed decision-making and promoting sustainable construction. The tool is a valuable guide for stakeholders to incorporate SS considerations, ensuring transparent communication and project success. Originality/value: This research fills a gap in SS research within the construction industry. The SocSAT offers theoretical advancements with practical value, providing a standardized approach to objectively measure the SS dimension across construction project life cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Demand Control Support model is useful for studying work-related stress. The combination of high demand and a low level of control generates "job strain" ("job iso-strain" if poor support is added), with implications for the worker's health and well-being. The aims of this study were to adapt, examine the factor structure of, and determine the reliability of, the Demand Control Support Questionnaire (DCSQ) short version for European Portuguese (DCSQ-PT). Methods: The scale was translated into Portuguese following a rigorous process and then applied to 501 workers from various professional sectors. An online survey was used to collect sociodemographic, professional, and Demand Control Support data. Validation was based on reliability and validity tests. Results: The mean age of the sample was 41.8 ± 10.3 years, and 50.1% of the participants were female. The results reveal good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.807) and validity. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that a four-factor solution of the DCSQ-PT scale had a good fit to the data, as was the case for the original scale. The DCSQ-PT© with 16 items is composed of the following factors: social support at work; psychological demands; skill discretion; and decision authority. Conclusions: This validation allows an instrument to be obtained with 16 items for studying work-related stress in Portuguese workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging sociocultural challenges such as malicious cybersecurity attacks and the cyber-unsafe utilization of the internet across industries highlight ways analysis of consumer perspectives pertaining to products of behavioral systems (e.g., government, universities, and business) may inform interventions relating to secure cyberbehaviors. In this study, we conducted a systematic analysis of viewpoints for two groups of college students (computer science and psychology majors) on cybersecurity using a Q methodology approach. The analysis revealed three shared viewpoints. The first one highlighted the importance of facing the security of internet utilization at the level of the entire society, thus suggesting the supply of appropriate cyber training for any type of internet users. The second viewpoint communicated a shared concern for the inability of businesses and the U.S. government to protect the privacy of their users effectively. The third viewpoint, which was only communicated by the psychology major students, emphasized the risks of cyberspace but also expressed difficulties in meeting the requirements associated with users' safe access to the internet. These types of findings offer guidance for community leaders in making decisions about educational interventions, while accounting for the perspectives of potential recipients of educational services as part of addressing social validity concerns (see Baer et al. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis,1(1), 91–97, 1968). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We aimed to psychometrically evaluate and validate a Japanese version of the Social Functioning in Dementia scale (SF-DEM-J) and investigate changes in social function in people with dementia during the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Design: We interviewed people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia and their caregivers during June 2020–March 2021 to validate patient- and caregiver-rated SF-DEM-J and compared their scores at baseline (April 2020 to May 2020) and at 6–8 months (January 2021 to March 2021) during a time of tighter COVID-19 restrictions. Setting: The neuropsychology clinic in the Department of Psychiatry at Osaka University Hospital and outpatient clinic in the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology at Daini Osaka Police Hospital, Japan. Participants: 103 dyads of patients and caregivers. Measurements: SF-DEM-J, Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, UCLA Loneliness Scale, and Apathy Evaluation Scale. Results: The scale's interrater reliability was excellent and test–retest reliability was substantial. Content validity was confirmed for the caregiver-rated SF-DEM-J, and convergent validity was moderate. Caregiver-rated SF-DEM-J was associated with apathy, irritability, loneliness, and cognitive impairment. The total score of caregiver-rated SF-DEM-J and the score of Section 2, "communication with others," significantly improved at 6–8 months of follow-up. Conclusions: The SF-DEM-J is acceptable as a measure of social function in MCI and mild dementia. Our results show that the social functioning of people with dementia, especially communicating with others, improved during the COVID-19 pandemic, probably as a result of adaptation to the restrictive life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to assess the readiness of patients with urostomy to be discharged from the hospital, an initial questionnaire was created by reviewing relevant guidelines, references, conducting semi-structured interviews, and creating an initial questionnaire. Then, the Delphi method was used for expert correspondence on the content of the entries for assessing the readiness of patients for discharge after urostomy. The results show that in the two rounds of consultation, the positive coefficients of the experts are 90. 9% and 100. 0%, the authority coefficients are 0. 84 and 0. 87, and the co-ordination coefficients are 0. 341 and 0. 362, respectively (all P < 0. 000). Eventually, a scale was developed to assess the readiness of urostomy patients to be discharged from the hospital with four dimensions and a total of 30 entries, including physiological status, psychological status, quality of health guidance, and social support. The scale provides a scientific and effective assessment tool for healthcare professionals to improve patient self-management in the postoperative period and to reduce the incidence of complications and readmission rates. It can be seen that this assessment scale has good practicality in clinical practice and can be used as a powerful tool to assess the readiness of urostomy patients for discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) skills are recognised as an essential aspect of 21st century skills and STEM education. In the STEM framework, students' CPS skills in the learning process need to be appropriately monitored, yet assessment tools for students' CPS skills are currently not widely developed in chemistry. This study aimed to develop and validate the assessment tool for measuring high school students' collaborative problem-solving skills in chemistry (CPS-C). Fifty-two students participated in the assessment, which included tasks on Coke Titration, Fruit Battery, and Soap Making. The data were analyzed using Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) models and the Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM). The results indicated that the CPS-C tool showed good internal consistency and item fit. Additionally, ten students were interviewed, and the interview content was analyzed using MAXQDA, emphasizing the importance of providing clear and concise instructions, reducing the number of tasks, and offering meaningful and relevant options. Moreover, this study also validated the reliability of cognitive ability tests, mental load and effort tests, and interest and motivation tests. The results showed satisfactory reliability for all tests except for the mental load and effort tests, which had a lower reliability coefficient of 0.68. Despite some limitations, the CPS-C tool showed great potential for effectively assessing CPS skills. Further research is needed to validate the tool's effectiveness and reliability across larger, more diverse samples and different cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Addressing the complex pattern of digital behaviors and interactions among youth, this research introduces a novel comprehensive scale, the Problematic Smartphone and Social Network Use Scale (PSSNUS), meticulously developed and validated across five studies. Methods: Using a mixed-methods approach across five stages, including focus groups (Study 1; n = 31), cognitive interviews (Study 2; n = 16), exploratory factor analysis (Study 3; n = 316), and expert panel (Study 4; n = 4), this procedure reduced 58 initial items to an 18-item scale. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis and further analyses (Study 5; n = 355) examined the factorial structure's replicability, reliability, and validity of the scale. Results: The PSSNUS manifested as a reliable (ω ranging 0.70– 0.89) instrument, comprising a structure with five key factors (x2 = 173.994, df = 125, p = 0.002, CFI = 0.994, CFI = 0.993, SRMR = 0.039, and RMSEA = 0.027) that capture both individual and social aspects of this construct: Psychological dependence (PD), Online interaction preference (OIP), Digital recognition desire (DRD), Social networks control seeking (SNCS), and Productivity loss (PL). Minor gender differences in both the DRD factor and in the overall score were found, with females scoring higher. The PSSNUS showed convergent and divergent validity through significant but modest correlations with daily smartphone usage hours, procrastination, emotional intelligence and mental health symptomatology (anxiety, depression and stress). This measure further exhibited incremental validity, controlling for other possible predictors, regarding anxiety, depression, and stress (6.5, 11.5 and 7.5% of additional variance explained), highlighting the DRD dimension's unique predictive power. Conclusion: Emerging as a solid instrument, the PSSNUS broadens the concept of problematic smartphone use among young Spaniards to include social functioning aspects, serving as an interesting tool for those aiming to explore further the adverse influence of digital media on youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The term 'Plant Blindness' describes people tending to overlook plants, even though they have an enormous importance for life on earth, especially because of their ability to photosynthesise. Many attempts have been made to counteract plant blindness in biology education. However, so far there is no comprehensive tool to assess the degree of plant awareness (instead of plant blindness) in students. Here, plant awareness is conceptualised in four domains: (1) visual perception of plants, (2) categorising plants as living organisms, (3) knowledge about plants, and (4) attitudes towards plants. We present results from the two developed scales 'Plants as living organisms' and 'Knowledge about plants'. To test the new scales, 345 Austrian secondary school students took part in a questionnaire study. A confirmatory factor analysis indicates sufficient model fit. Results show that students consider plants as 'less alive' than animals but 'more alive' than bacteria. Those who attribute the characteristics of life to plants have more knowledge about plants, indicating that both domains of plant awareness might have a common basis. The development of a plant awareness questionnaire will eventually provide a powerful tool to investigate the effectiveness of learning environments fostering plant awareness, a prerequisite to reach the sustainable development goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Baby Preparation and Anxiety Scale (Baby-PAWS) is the only instrument focusing on expectant mothers' practical concerns about the transition to parenthood (being able to care for the baby, securing childcare, personal well-being, and partner involvement) and measuring these parameters. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of Baby-PAWS, by adapting it to the Turkish population. Method: Two hundred and twenty expectant mothers over the age of eighteen in the third trimester of pregnancy were included in our methodological study. The content and language of Baby-PAWS were also validated. Data were subsequently obtained through confirmatory and explanatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient test. Results: It was found that although the Turkish language version of Baby-PAWS did not have three sub-dimensions as in the original, the one-dimensional Baby-PAWS was a valid, reliable scale tool suitable for the Turkish population. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the revised scale was.85. Discussion and conclusion: The Turkish language version of Baby-PAWS is a suitable instrument in terms of language and content validity, and its single-factor structure can be applied to the Turkish population and correctly identify expectant mothers' concerns about self-care, partner/relationship issues, self-care, and relying on others to care for the baby after its birth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• There are many tools for assessing fear of falling, and the tools are suitable for different audiences. • The composition of the fear of falling assessment tools have been expanded from only activities to include multi-dimensional factors such as coping ability, environment, and cognition. • In the future, the assessment of fear of falling should incorporate some objective parameters to reduce the error of subjective reporting results. To comprehensively evaluate and synthesize fear of falling assessment tools and their psychometric properties. The literature in PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, Cochrane Library, Embase, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM was systematically searched, and the search period was from the establishment of the database to September 1, 2023, and updated on September 1, 2024. A total of 104 documents covering 19 assessment tools were included. Of the 19 instruments, the Falls Efficacy Scale-International was the most widely used and had been tested for reliability and validity in different countries and populations. A total of 18 studies focused on tool development and validation, and the remaining 86 were related to tool validation. Scientific and reliable assessment instruments for FOF are an important part of future targeted intervention research. The future research direction of tools should be based on local demographic characteristics and qualitative interview results, combined with objective quantitative indicators measured by professional instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Collaborative problem-solving (CPS) skills are recognised as an essential aspect of 21st century skills and STEM education. In the STEM framework, students’ CPS skills in the learning process need to be appropriately monitored, yet assessment tools for students’ CPS skills are currently not widely developed in chemistry. This study aimed to develop and validate the assessment tool for measuring high school students’ collaborative problem-solving skills in chemistry (CPS-C). Fifty-two students participated in the assessment, which included tasks on Coke Titration, Fruit Battery, and Soap Making. The data were analyzed using Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) models and the Generalized Partial Credit Model (GPCM). The results indicated that the CPS-C tool showed good internal consistency and item fit. Additionally, ten students were interviewed, and the interview content was analyzed using MAXQDA, emphasizing the importance of providing clear and concise instructions, reducing the number of tasks, and offering meaningful and relevant options. Moreover, this study also validated the reliability of cognitive ability tests, mental load and effort tests, and interest and motivation tests. The results showed satisfactory reliability for all tests except for the mental load and effort tests, which had a lower reliability coefficient of 0.68. Despite some limitations, the CPS-C tool showed great potential for effectively assessing CPS skills. Further research is needed to validate the tool’s effectiveness and reliability across larger, more diverse samples and different cultural contexts.

Abstract Evaluating health system interventions for elderly care necessitates a context-specific, credible and dependable instrument. This research was dedicated to creating and validating a tool to assess the health system’s age-friendliness. The study unfolded in two pivotal stages: the generation of items utilizing a hybrid model and the psychometric appraisal of the tool, encompassing both validity and reliability assessments. From an initial pool of 522 items derived from a systematic scoping review and qualitative analysis, a concise assessment tool emerged, featuring 52 items across 6 domains: governance, information, resources, service delivery, community engagement and outcomes. The 52-item tool offers a straightforward, substantiated and robust means to gauge age-friendliness, pinpoint health system deficiencies and facilitate strategic planning on the basis of its insights.

Background To assess students’ knowledge, the assessment of students in dentistry has always remained a controversial topic. Student evaluations are crucial for two reasons: first, they help produce dental graduates of the highest caliber to satisfy societal demands; second, they give input to those involved in dentistry education policymaking. Aim Hence, this study was planned to introduce a new structured method of viva examination to evaluate its effectiveness over the traditional method. Materials and Methods Sixty students from IV BDS were selected randomly. These students were subjected to traditional and oral structured viva examinations (OSVEs) in periodontics and implantology. After obtaining informed consent for the study, an MCQ examination was conducted for all participants on the basics and etiopathogenesis of periodontology, and their scores were noted. Group A – 30 participants appeared for a traditional viva examination (TVE) of basic periodontics. Group B – participants appeared for OSVE on etiopathogenesis. Later the crossover was done for two regions in such a way that Group A - 30 participants appeared for OSVE of basic and Group B - TVE on etiopathogenesis. OSVE was conducted with the help of question cards. Both forms of viva examination had a set time limit of 5 min per student. Results The performance scores of TVE and OSVE were compared which showed high significance (P < 0.001). Performance scores were also compared, and their MCQ correlation was done with the TVE score. Conclusions Observation from the present study showed that TVE can be improved as an effective assessment tool.

Abstract Patients diagnosed with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) commonly experience a substantial burden of symptoms encompassing both physical and psychological aspects. Presently, there's a dearth of standardized assessment tools to effectively gauge the extent of symptom burden in IgAN patients. Therefore, this study aims to devise an IgAN Symptom Assessment Tool that enables a comprehensive evaluation of patient symptom burden and their self-perceived severity. Employing a prospective observational design, this study conducted a survey among patients diagnosed with IgAN at a hospital in China. The research team formulated an IgAN Symptom Burden Assessment Scale and administered a questionnaire to gauge patient symptom burden. Severity assessment was conducted on a 5-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating a more pronounced burden of symptoms. The finalized scale comprised 14 distinct symptom items, and the questionnaire survey garnered responses from 200 patients, achieving a 100% response rate. Statistical analysis unveiled that nearly all patients regarded these symptoms as prevalent and significantly impactful on their daily lives, resulting in a considerable burden. Notably, mild oliguria, moderate nasal congestion, bitter taste , throat discomfort, alongside severe manifestations such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and foamy urine, were frequently reported by patients. The findings underscore that a substantial proportion of IgAN patients grapple with a significant burden of symptoms, emphasizing the imperative for healthcare providers to prioritize symptom management and implement proactive measures to alleviate these challenges. This study presents an innovative tool tailored for evaluating symptom burden specifically in IgAN patients. Subsequent research should center on validating this tool within larger patient cohorts to optimize the efficacy of symptom management in this demographic.

Diabetic retinopathy, as an important microvascular complication of diabetes, has a high morbidity and disability rate, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients. Under the current medical technical conditions, diabetic retinopathy cannot be cured and can only be prevented through early screening, regular follow-up and avoidance of related risk factors. Therefore, this article reviews the current situation of the quality of life of patients with diabetic retinopathy, evaluation tools, influencing factors and nursing measures, in order to provide a reference for the clinical formulation of related intervention programs. (糖尿病视网膜病变是糖尿病患者常见的微血管并发症, 具有高致病率和致残率, 严重影响患者的生活质量。糖尿病视网膜病变通过早期筛查、定期随访和避免相关危险因素来进行防治。 本研究就糖尿病视网膜病变患者的生活质量现状、评价工具、影响因素及护理措施进行综述, 以期为临床制定相关干预方案提供参考。)

International social work organizations emphasize human rights (HR) as a main social work principle. However, a focus on HR is often lacking in social work education. This often results in an inspirational, rather than deep and meaningful application of HR commitments in social work practice, with kindness and respect being conflated with a realization of HR. Nevertheless, without a critical HR awareness, social workers may inadvertently neglect or hinder service users’ rights. This article presents the findings of an exploratory study which examined, through in-depth interviews with six practitioners working in HR sensitive contexts in Spain, how the experience (or lack thereof) of HR education influences practitioners’ engagement with HR. Findings indicate that, for social workers to overcome inspirational approaches and achieve an HR based social work practice, training and support mechanisms need to be developed at different contexts: 1. In social work education, importantly including social work placements and a practice orientation of teaching 2. At social work services’ organizations and 3. At the broader social work professional organizations and political-institutional contexts. Drawing on the findings, the researchers developed a Human Rights Practice Assessment Tool to support lecturers, students and practitioners in applying HR principles meaningfully in social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating health system interventions for elderly care necessitates a context-specific, credible and dependable instrument. This research was dedicated to creating and validating a tool to assess the health system's age-friendliness. The study unfolded in two pivotal stages: the generation of items utilizing a hybrid model and the psychometric appraisal of the tool, encompassing both validity and reliability assessments. From an initial pool of 522 items derived from a systematic scoping review and qualitative analysis, a concise assessment tool emerged, featuring 52 items across 6 domains: governance, information, resources, service delivery, community engagement and outcomes. The 52-item tool offers a straightforward, substantiated and robust means to gauge age-friendliness, pinpoint health system deficiencies and facilitate strategic planning on the basis of its insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Approximately one-third of Asian elephants are managed under human care, participating in educational, cultural, religious, and tourist activities. Management conditions vary considerably among venues, raising questions about whether welfare needs are consistently being met, particularly for Asian tourist camp elephants. To evaluate the well-being of elephants engaged in tourist activities, an evidence-based tool is needed for routine assessments to identify potential welfare risks, aid in the development of better camp standards, and enable caretakers to address specific concerns. While many animal welfare tools exist, none have been designed to consider specific environments and management practices faced by elephants living and working in tourist camps. Methods: Using direct observations and interviews, the Elephant Welfare Assessment Tool (EWAT) was developed for tourist camp elephants using the Five Domains Model as a framework. Measures were selected based on peer-reviewed literature, existing standards and guidelines, and opinions from animal welfare experts working with zoo and tourist camp elephants. The EWAT differs from existing tools by including criteria on work activities and restraint methods (e.g., chaining and ankus use), factors common in Asia but not often encountered by western zoo elephants. Measures were scored using a 0–2 Likert Scale. The tool was tested in Thailand and determined by calculating a content validity index (CVI) and conducting inter-rater and test-retest reliability tests. Results: The initial tool included 18 animal-based and 21 resource-based measures across four domains: Nutrition (n = 5), Environment (n = 14), Health (n = 10), and Behavior and Mental State (n = 10). Index scores of content validity (CVI) (Item CVI (0.83), Scale CVI/Average (0.98), and Scale CVI/Universal (0.89)) were high. Measures scoring less than 0.83 were removed: the opportunity to mate, the mahout-elephant relationship, and mahout job satisfaction. The final tool consisted of 42 questions related to 36 measures, including 18 animal-based and 18 resource-based measures within the Nutrition (n = 5), Environment (n = 11), Health (n = 10), and Behavior and Mental State (n = 10) domains. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for inter-rater reliability (0.78–0.90, p < 0.05) and test-retest (0.77–0.91, p < 0.05) analyses conducted at two camps showed good agreement. Conclusions: This new assessment tool (EWAT) is a context-specific, holistic method designed to offer a practical means of conducting individual and institutional-level assessments of elephant welfare in tourist camps. It is based on the Five Domains Model using reliable and validated animal- and resource-based measures, data collection through direct observation and interviews, and a numerical scoring system. The tool includes several criteria applicable to tourist rather than zoo venues to make it more relevant to the challenges faced by working elephants in Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pediatric palliative care is a specialized form of care provided to children with terminal illnesses or life-threatening conditions. Its aim is not only to control symptoms, but also to improve the overall quality of life of the child and its family. It includes comprehensive support and care that respects the individual needs of the child and its family, including physical, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. Objective: To translate and implement the language validation of the Pediatric Palliative Care - Parent & Child Needs Survey (PCNeeds) tool and to determine the level of needs of families caring for a child with a life-limiting or life-threatening illness. Methods: To determine the needs of parents of children in palliative care, a quantitative method of a questionnaire survey was used in which 20 parents participated. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics. Results: The highest level of needs of families was in the area of coping with the child's symptoms, including pain. Parents felt emotional strain, social isolation, and overall pressure on the family, including financial burden. However, they also expressed a high degree of satisfaction in many areas, such as communication with health professionals, clarity of information, and the relationship with their child. Conclusion: The study demonstrated the high internal consistency of the Czech version of the PCNeeds measurement instrument. It will be further tested for psychometric properties in the next stage of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their underdeveloped physiological maturity, preterm infants often face challenges related to sucking, breathing, and swallowing coordination during initial feeding. This lack of coordination may lead to episodes of apnea and choking, resulting in unstable vital signs. Preterm infants with this issue must gradually learn oral feeding skills appropriate to their developmental stage. Registered nurses play a critical role in assessing the right time to transition from tube to oral feeding and in providing a safe and positive oral feeding experience. In this article, three validated assessment tools for feeding premature infants are introduced, accompanied by clinical research data demonstrating their use in clinical practice. These three tools include: (1) the Neonatal Oral Motor Assessment Scale, which is applied to evaluate oral motor skills using observations of nonnutritive sucking and the sucking state during the two minutes before feeding; (2) the Premature Oral Feeding Readiness Assessment Scale, which is used to assess readiness for oral feeding in preterm infants; and (3) the Early Feeding Skills assessment, which is used to evaluate the oral feeding skills of preterm infants. These tools aid nurses in helping preterm infants achieve independent oral feeding, facilitating earlier discharge and return to home. The clinical implications and effectiveness of these tools are also discussed to provide to nurses the means and confidence necessary to apply them appropriately in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of wellbeing is expansive and intricate, making it challenging to define precisely. Similarly, the instruments employed to assess wellbeing are complex andmultifaceted. Therefore, it ismore appropriate to refer to the notion of wellbeing as Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), which is the central focus of many measures used to assess the feeling of wellbeing. This review aimed to identify the tools most commonly used to evaluate HRQoL in individuals with Parkinsonism--a group of movement disorders that negatively impact the quality of life due to the intricate interplay of symptoms, socio-demographic characteristics, and psychological factors. The main aim was to assess the psychometric properties of these measures in terms of validity and reliability. Methods: A literature review was conducted, focusing on research related to the assessment of HRQoL in connection to symptoms of Parkinsonism. This review included all studies that examined HRQoL using evaluation scales, exams, or self-reported questionnaires. The literature review was conducted using the databases Scopus and Web of Science and the search engine PubMed to identify studies published between 1996 and 2023. Only records that assessed HRQoL in individuals with Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonism were selected for evaluation. Results: A total of 393 records were examined, and eight tools were identified as the most frequently used in the evaluation of HRQoL. Discussion: The results show a significant gap in knowledge regarding the latent structure and measurement invariance of HRQoL measurements, which may have a significant influence on the interpretation of test outcomes. Moreover, there is a lack of clear divergent validity between HRQoL assessments and other tests used as predictors of HRQoL. This could represent a significant limitation, affecting the construct and criterion validity of HRQoL measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study aims to develop an efficient, reliable and valid assessment, the affective states for online learning scale (ASOLS), for measuring learners’ affective states during online learning using a sample of 173 young learners. The assessment consists of 15 items which assess five affective states, including concentration, motivation, perseverance, engagement, and self-initiative. To improve efficiency, five items (one for each affective state) are randomly selected and presented every 30 min during online learning. In addition, 14 among the participants were further invited to perform on-site online learning, and their affective states were validated by observations conducted by two psychologists. The ASOLS was found to be reliable and valid, with high internal consistency reliabilities and good construct, convergent and criterion validity. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the hypothesized five-factor structure demonstrated a satisfactory fit to the data. Moreover, engagement was found to be positively associated with learning performance. Our findings suggest that the ASOLS provides a useful tool for teachers to identify students in upper primary and junior secondary schools with deficits in affective states and offer appropriate remedy or support. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at enhancing students’ affective states during online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, concepts such as sustainable development, corporate social responsibility, and the circular economy have gained considerable prominence, transforming production models and business practices. However, there remains a degree of uncertainty regarding the actual level of adoption of these initiatives by companies. The objective of this study is to assess the level of implementation of the circular economy in Chilean companies using a 5D model, applied through an assessment tool called "5D Circular". This model analyzes five key business dimensions: finance, customers, internal processes, learning and growth, and conscious integration. The study was carried out on a sample of 90 companies, using a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 represents a very low level of development and 5 a very high level. The results show that the companies in the sample have achieved a high level of implementation of the circular economy. However, the dimensions of internal processes and conscious integration show a comparatively lower level of development compared to the dimensions of learning and growth and finance, which show a high level of development. It is worth noting that all companies show advanced knowledge and significant application of the circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusion\nIMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONTo investigate the psychometric properties of the MOSE-Benin, a French-language version of the Measure of Stroke Environment (MOSE) for Sub-Saharan Africa.The original English version of the MOSE has been translated into French following the guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation. The resulting questionnaire (MOSE-Benin) was administered to a convenience sample of participants recruited in Benin, a French-speaking country.Eighty-two stroke survivors (41 females; mean ± SD: 54.94 ± 11.6 years old) participated in the study. Internal consistency of each domain of the MOSE-Benin and the overall questionnaire was high (Cronbach’s α: 0.78 to 0.92). Test-retest reliability was excellent (n = 31; ICC: 0.977 to 0.998). Overall, the standard error of measurement (SEM) and the minimum detectable change (MDC) showed very low values (SEM = 0.85; MDC = 2.35). Convergent validity demonstrated moderate correlations for the three domains in separate comparison respectively with the ACTIVLIM-Stroke questionnaire, the Participation Measurement Scale, and the communication domain of the Stroke Impact Scale (r or ρ: 0.42 to 0.54; p < 0.0001).MOSE-Benin has good evidence regarding psychometric properties (i.e., content validity, convergent validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability) that can support its use for the assessment of perceived environmental barriers after stroke in a French-speaking Sub-Saharan African country, such as Benin.Stroke survivors in French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa may face environmental challenges related to acceptability, physical environment, and communication.Stroke survivors should be assessed in their communities to identify environmental barriers, using valid and robust tools.A French version of the MOSE (MOSE-Benin) is now available and can be used to assess the environmental concerns faced by stroke survivors in Sub-Saharan Africa.Stroke survivors in French-speaking Sub-Saharan Africa may face environmental challenges related to acceptability, physical environment, and communication.Stroke survivors should be assessed in their communities to identify environmental barriers, using valid and robust tools.A French version of the MOSE (MOSE-Benin) is now available and can be used to assess the environmental concerns faced by stroke survivors in Sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: One of the main illnesses in the globe that causes impairment and death in people is stroke. In the globe today, it ranks as the second leading cause of death and the leading cause of death in China. OBJECTIVE: This paper analyses into the critical role of risk perception in developing individual awareness of stroke risk and encouraging proactive preventive health behaviors, essential for effective primary stroke prevention strategies and reduced stroke incidence. It discusses the concept of risk perception, the content and dimensions of global stroke assessment tools, and their application status, aiming to provide insights for their development and intervention research. METHODS: Risk perception encompasses subjective assessments of stroke likelihood and severity, influenced by personal experiences, knowledge of risk factors, beliefs about prevention effectiveness, and emotional responses. Global stroke assessment tools, like the Framingham Stroke Risk Score and CHA2DS2-VASc Score, evaluate stroke risk based on factors such as age, gender, blood pressure, and cholesterol levels. In order to improve risk perception and proactive health management and lower the burden of strokes, the paper assesses the advantages and disadvantages of these tools and makes recommendations for improving accessibility, customizing interventions, running educational campaigns, promoting multidisciplinary collaboration, and integrating technology. RESULTS: By combining the research tools of stroke risk perception, it is found that the evaluation tools are mostly single-dimensional evaluation tools centered on the two dimensions of onset possibility and susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Some scholars have developed multi-dimensional evaluation tools, but the evaluation population is relatively limited, and the evaluation system lacks comprehensiveness and systematization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To develop, validate and apply a context-specific nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice questionnaire (KAP-Q) among adolescent Indian athletes. Method: This study used the mixed-method sequential exploratory design using qualitative and quantitative approaches on adolescent athletes (n = 170). The formative phase consisted of in-depth interviews (IDIs) with coaches (n = 10). The validation phase included testing of the internal consistency (n = 80) and test–retest reliability (n = 25), followed by the administration (n = 65) of the KAP-Q on adolescent athletes. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's α, reliability using Bland–Altman plots and intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficient and the KAP-Q responses using the Chi-square test. Results: The themes and items (> 90%) for KAP-Q were developed from the qualitative phase and literature review. KAP-Q exhibited a Cronbach's α of 0.700 after removing 29 items. The Bland–Altman plots showed good agreement, with an ICC greater than 0.75. Greater than 71% of items exhibited good scores in the discrimination index, with greater than 50% showing moderate difficulty. The test–retest reliability (I-CVI) was > 0.80. On administering the KAP-Q, the knowledge scores relating to macronutrients, meal timing and supplement usage for training were lower among athletes. However, they exhibited knowledge relating to micronutrients and hygiene practices, with poor attitude/practice scores. Psychological stressors also influenced their food intake. Conclusion: The newly developed context-specific KAP-Q is suitable for the impact evaluation of nutrition education interventions. The methodology adopted in the study supports translation in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A comprehensive patient assessment is essential for safe patient care. Patient assessment frameworks for nurses are generally restricted to patients who already have altered vital signs and are at risk of deterioration, or to specific risks or body systems such as falls, pressure injury and the Glasgow Coma Score. Comprehensive and structured evidence‐based nursing assessment frameworks that consider the whole patient and extend beyond vital signs, specific risks and single systems are not routinely used in inpatient settings but are important to establish early risks for patient deterioration. Aim: The aim of this review was to identify nursing assessment tools or frameworks used to holistically assess hospitalized patients and to identify the impact of these tools on patient and health service outcomes. Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted. Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), ProQuest Dissertations and Thesis, Embase and Scopus were databases used in the search. The initial search was conducted in August 2021 and repeated in November 2022. No date parameters were set. The Participants, Concept, Context (PCC) framework was used to guide the development of the research question and consolidate inclusion and exclusion criteria. The PRISMA‐ScR Checklist Item was followed to ensure a methodologically sound checklist was used. Results: Ten primary research studies evaluating six nursing assessment frameworks were included. Of the five nursing assessment frameworks, none were explicitly designed for general ward nursing, but rather the emergency department or specific patient cohorts, such as oncology. Four studies reported on reliability and/or validity; two reported on patient outcomes and four on staff satisfaction. Conclusion: Evidence‐based nursing patient assessment frameworks for use in general inpatient wards are lacking. Existing assessment tools are largely designed for specific patient cohorts, specific body systems or the already deteriorating patient. Implications for the Profession and Patient Care: A framework to enable a structured approach to patient assessment in this environment is needed for patient safety, consistency in assessment, nursing staff enablement and confidence to escalate care. Routine systematic nursing assessment could also aid timely patient escalation. Impact: What problem did the study address? This study addresses the lack of evidence‐based nursing assessment frameworks for use in hospitalized patients. The impact of this is that it highlights the need for an evidence‐based, whole of patient assessment framework for use by nurses for patients admitted to a ward environment. What were the main findings? This review identified limited comprehensive, patient assessment frameworks for use in general ward inpatient areas. Those identified were not validated for this patient cohort and are aimed at patients already deteriorating. Where and on whom will the research have an impact? This review has the potential to impact future research and patient care. It highlights that most research is focussed on processes to detect and escalate care for the already deteriorating patient. There is a need for an evidence‐based routine nursing assessment framework for patients admitted to a ward environment to promote positive patient outcomes and prevent deterioration. Patient and Public Contribution: This review contributes to existing knowledge of nursing patient assessment frameworks, yet it also highlights several gaps. Currently, there are no known, validated, holistic, structured nursing patient assessment frameworks for use in general ward inpatient settings. However, areas that do use such assessment frameworks (e.g. the emergency department) have shown positive patient outcomes and staff usability. Hospitalized ward patients would benefit from routine, structured nursing assessments targeting positive patient outcomes prior to the onset of deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite numerous treatment options for nail lichen planus (NLP), a validated method for measuring the severity of NLP and therapeutic response in clinical trials is absent. The aim of the study was to develop and validate a measurement instrument, Typical Nail Lichen Planus Severity Index (tNLPSI), for typical NLP that could be used in clinical trials. Methods: A total of 48 patients pathologically confirmed with typical NLP were enrolled in this study. Five dermatologists were trained to use the tNLPSI activity scale and the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) scale to score samples independently to estimate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability across two sessions. In addition, tNLPSI activity scores were compared with PGA scores to assess the construct validity. Results: The tNLPSI activity scale had excellent internal consistency and inter-rater reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.990; ICC = 0.954; 95% CI = 0.930–0.971), and the correlations between the different graders' scores indicate good consistency (rp = 0.934–0.968). In addition, the tNLPSI activity scale demonstrated high intra-rater reliability (ICC = 0.996; 95% CI = 0.993–0.998), showing good reproducibility. And tNLPSI activity scores and PGA scores showed good construct validity (Spearman's rho = 0.941 and Spearman's rho = 0.903–0.935, respectively; p < 0.01). Conclusion: The tNLPSI activity scale was demonstrated to be consistent, reliable, reproducible, and feasible, making it a potential valuable tool for evaluating the treatment response in typical NLP clinical trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Falls are a significant public health problem and constitute a major cause of injuries and mortality. Risk factors for falls are multifactorial and include medication use. Aim: To develop and investigate the content validity of the Medication-Related fall (MRF) screening and scoring tool. Method: The MRF tool was developed from clinical practice guidelines addressing medication-related problems, and additional medications identified by specialist pharmacists across a region of the United Kingdom (Northern Ireland). Medication classes were categorised according to their 'potential to cause falls' as: high-risk (three points), moderate-risk (two points) or low-risk (one point). The overall medication-related falls risk for the patient was determined by summing the scores for all medications. The MRF was validated using Delphi consensus methodology, whereby three iterative rounds of surveys were conducted using SurveyMonkey®. Twenty-two experts from 10 countries determined their agreement with the falls risk associated with each medication on a 5-point Likert scale. Only medications with at least 75% of respondents agreeing or strongly agreeing were retained in the next round. Results: Consensus was reached for 19 medications/medication classes to be included in the final version of the MRF tool; ten were classified as high-risk, eight as moderate-risk and one as low-risk. Conclusion: The MRF tool is simple and has the potential to be integrated into medicines optimisation to reduce falls risk and negative fall-related outcomes. The score from the MRF tool can be used as a clinical parameter to assess the need for medication review and clinical interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive scale for assessing students’ sustainability competence in education for sustainable development (ESD). Existing ESD assessment tools have faced criticism for lacking rigorous design and validation. Following a three-phase procedure proposed by Boateng et al., the study utilized qualitative and quantitative methods to develop and validate the scale. The scale was administered to 708 students participating in an extracurricular eTournament on Sustainable Development Goals organized by a Hong Kong university. The validation process involved expert panels, cognitive interviews, factor analyses, and assessments of internal consistency. Using Wiek et al.'s five-competence framework, 16 ESD learning outcomes were generated, forming the basis for the scale items. The survey included a mini-scenario introduction to enable students’ evaluation of sustainability practices, even with limited experience. Data analysis revealed a four-factor structure that could be both distinguished and integrated under a single upper-level factor. The scale is developed with the aim to better measuring tertiary students’ sustainability competence via a holistic and integrated approach, which completes the constructive alignment of current ESD, particularly in extracurricular settings.

This study aimed to develop a comprehensive tool to assess underachievement in gifted students, incorporating input from parents, teachers, and students themselves. A total of 285 participants, including 95 gifted students, their parents, and teachers, were involved in the study. The results have revealed a four-factor structure for the Gifted Underachievement Tool, with strong evidence supporting its validity and reliability. The study discusses the limitations of using this tool for the identification of underachievement in gifted students and draws significant conclusions from the findings.

IntroductionIn response to the call for active aging, improving the quality of residential environments for older people is becoming a worldwide concern. Over the past decade, China has witnessed a significant increase in the construction of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) catering to the older adult with physical and mental limitations. However, the fast pace of LTCF development has led to substandard physical environments that compromise the quality of life for older individuals. Consequently, there is an urgent need to conduct comprehensive post-occupancy evaluations (POEs) in order to systematically assess the current state of LTCF physical environments and identify prevailing problems therein.MethodsThis study conducted POEs on 37 existing LTCFs from both objective and subjective perspectives, using self-developed environmental assessment tools and user satisfaction questionnaires.ResultsThe results reveal substantial room for improvement within LTCF physical environments, particularly concerning outdoor areas, resident rooms and staff spaces. The psychological needs of residents and working requirements of staff are not adequately addressed or supported.DiscussionA total of ninety-two typical problems are identified across eight categories, and relevant causes associated with programming, design, construction, and operation are discussed. The findings are expected to serve as warnings for future designs, provide empirical evidence for the revision of relevant standards, and promote the sustainable development of LTCF construction.

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Purpose: The aim of this study is to measure the concurrent validity of the Athletic Skills Track (AST) by examining whether its outcome score correlates with the holistic judgments of experts about the quality of movement. Method: Video recordings of children performing the AST were shown to physical education teachers who independently gave a holistic rating of the movement quality of each child. Results: Both intra- and interrater reliability of the teachers' ratings were moderate to good. The holistic judgments on movement quality were significantly correlated with AST time, showing that higher ratings were associated with less time required to complete the track. Next, hierarchical stepwise regression indicated that in addition to the holistic rating, also age, but not gender, explained part of the variance in AST time. Conclusion: The findings show that the AST has good concurrent validity and provides a fast, indirect indication for quality of movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

THE «ROBOTICS INTEREST QUESTIONNAIRE» (RIQ): A TOOL TO DETECT FACTORS UNDERLYING ROBOTICS TEACHING Abstract The growing interest of the scientific and educational community in Educational Robotics (ER) is linked to the need to develop digital skills and computational thinking in the younger generation. Through ER it is possible to train multiple cognitive skills and not only programming skills. To this end, it is decisive to outline a new competence profile for teachers that can influence this aspect by activating ER training courses. The paper presents the «Robotics Interest Questionnaire» (RIQ), a validated questionnaire in Italian able to measure with some precision the factors involved in teaching robotics, and discusses the data collected on teachers of all levels (823 teachers). The results provide normative values useful, for example, to allow the diagnostic use of the RIQ in the startup phase of teacher training, in order to hypothesize the level possessed by the participants and orientate the didactic design and the content-methodological choices of the intervention, as well as the final evaluation of the training outcomes thanks to its ability to highlight, when used before and after, improvements in the dimensions investigated: knowledge and interest, sense of self-efficacy, problem solving and collaboration.

Abstract The current study aims to develop an efficient, reliable and valid assessment, the affective states for online learning scale (ASOLS), for measuring learners’ affective states during online learning using a sample of 173 young learners. The assessment consists of 15 items which assess five affective states, including concentration, motivation, perseverance, engagement, and self-initiative. To improve efficiency, five items (one for each affective state) are randomly selected and presented every 30 min during online learning. In addition, 14 among the participants were further invited to perform on-site online learning, and their affective states were validated by observations conducted by two psychologists. The ASOLS was found to be reliable and valid, with high internal consistency reliabilities and good construct, convergent and criterion validity. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the hypothesized five-factor structure demonstrated a satisfactory fit to the data. Moreover, engagement was found to be positively associated with learning performance. Our findings suggest that the ASOLS provides a useful tool for teachers to identify students in upper primary and junior secondary schools with deficits in affective states and offer appropriate remedy or support. It can also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at enhancing students’ affective states during online learning.

Abstract Background An important factor that has not been directly addressed very often in caregiver (CG) counseling to date is the quality of the relationship between the CG and the care recipient (CR). One reason is the lack of availability of a suitable assessment tool that is not strongly influenced by social desirability. Here, we present and evaluate a new item for the assessment of relationship quality (RQ) in the context of informal caregiving of older people. Methods N = 962 informal caregivers of older people participated. Our item assessed RQ by providing three answer categories (positive, neutral, and negative) that were presented through the use of smiley faces. For evaluation, and to avoid bias due to social desirability, the neutral and negative categories were combined. We calculated a stepwise binary logistic regression. Results Expected associations with the variables care burden, perceived positive aspects, and care motivation were found (all p values

Living with a chronic condition like psoriasis can significantly affect the individual involved. Psoriasis patients have difficulties with their physical, psychological, occupational, and social functioning. These impairments can result in psychiatric morbidity depression and anxiety disorders. This systematic review (SR) assessed the impact of psychological factors in life of psoriasis patients. The literature search comprised Medline through PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, and additional sources such as Google Scholar, spanning the period from 2014 to 2023. Thorough examination of the most important electronic databases was conducted. Various study designs, including observational studies, trials, and commentaries, were incorporated to ensure a comprehensive examination of the research topic. The risk of bias was evaluated using established methodology. This SR comprised 13 studies, with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool employed to assess biases in randomized trials across five domains. The majority of the studies demonstrated a low risk (57.69%), indicating their reliability while those categorized as unclear (37.17%) exhibited some ambiguity without compromising the validity of results. Studies categorized as high risk (5.12%) suggested significant bias and potential errors. The findings indicate an association between psoriasis and various psychological factors, including depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, impaired emotional functioning, negative body image, and self-perception. The significant impact of depression and anxiety on individuals with psoriasis underscores the need for greater awareness of its psychological aspects. Incorporating psychological interventions into care and management strategies is crucial for addressing this chronic condition and enhancing overall well-being, thus improving quality of life.