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1. Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 2012:Results generated from European registers by ESHRE

Author

A. Tandler-Schneider, Deniss Soritsa, G. Scaravelli, C. Calhaz-Jorge, Tatjana Motrenko Simic, Carlos Calhaz-Jorge, Oleg Tishkevich, Ioana Rugescu, Mika Gissler, Juana Hernández, Karin Erb, G. Kosztolanyi, C. De Geyter, M. Kupka, Kris Bogaerts, Christian De Geyter, Christine Wyns, Ana Rita Laranjeira, Zivile Gudleviciene, Irena Antonova, Christina Bergh, Sci. Nada Tabs, Veerle Goossens, C. Wyns, Valiyev Ravil, J. de Mouzon, Tomaz Tomazevic, V. Korsak, Dominique Royere, Basil C. Tarlatzis, Giedre Belo Lopes, Dejan Ljiljak, Rafael Kurzawa, Jesper M. J. Smeenk, Maya Weder, Bogdan Doroftei, Elena Petrovskaya, Irma Virant-Klun, Josephine Lemmen, E. Mocanu, Veaceslav Moshin, Karel Rezabek, V. N. Lokshin, Karl-Heinz Erb, T. Motrenko, Nebosja Radunovic, Mykola Gryshchenko, János Urbancsek, Hilmar Bjorgvinsson, Monika Uszkoriet, Aila Tiitinen, Jitka Markova, Orion Gliozheni, Richard Baranowski, G Scaravelli, Dragana Vukicevic, Dimitris Loutradis, Jose Antonio Castilla Alcala, Hrvoje Vrcic, Edgar Mocanu, Liv Bente Romundstad, Heinz Strohmer, [Calhaz-Jorge, C.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [de Geyter, C.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Kupka, M. S.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [de Mouzon, J.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Erb, K.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Mocanu, E.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Motrenko, T.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Scaravelli, G.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Wyns, C.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Goossens, V.] ESHRE Cent Off, Meerstr 60, B-1852 Grimbergen, Belgium, [Gliozheni, Orion] Univ Hosp Obstet & Gynecol, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Bul B Curri, Tirana, Albania, [Strohmer, Heinz] Dr Obruca & Dr Strohmer Partnerschaft Goldenes Kr, Lazarettgasse 16-18, A-1090 Vienna, Austria, [Petrovskaya, Elena] ART Ctr Embryo, Filimonova 53, Minsk 220053, BELARUS, [Tishkevich, Oleg] Ctr Assisted Reprod Embryo Belivpul, Filimonova Str 53, Minsk 220114, BELARUS, [Wyns, Christine] Catholic Univ Louvain, Clin Univ St Luc, Ave Hippocrate 10, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium, [Bogaerts, Kris] I Biostat, Kapucijnenvoer 35 Bus 7001, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium, [Antonova, Irena] Hosp Dr Shechterev, Ob Gyn, 25-31 Hristo Blagoev Str, Sofia 1330, Bulgaria, [Vrcic, Hrvoje] Univ Zagreb, Sch Med, Obstet & Gynecol, Petrova 13, Zagreb 10000, Croatia, [Ljiljak, Dejan] Clin Hosp Ctr Sestre Milosrd, Dept Biol Human Reprod, Ob Gyn Clin, Vinogradska C 29, Zagreb 10000, Croatia, [Rezabek, Karel] Univ Hopsital, Fac Med, CAR Assisited Reprod Ctr, Gyn Ob Dept, Apolinarska 18, Prague 12000, Czech Republic, [Markova, Jitka] Inst Hlth Informat & Stat Czech Republ, Palackeho Namesti 4, Prague 12801, Czech Republic, [Lemmen, Josephine] Rigshosp, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, [Erb, Karin] Odense Univ Hosp, Fertil Clin, Sdr Blvd 29, DK-5000 Odense C, Denmark, [Soritsa, Deniss] Tartu Univ Hosp, Tartu, Estonia, [Soritsa, Deniss] Elitre Clin, Tartu, Estonia, [Gissler, Mika] THL Natl Inst Hlth & Welfare, POB 30, Helsinki 00271, Finland, [Tiitinen, Aila] Univ Helsinki, Cent Hosp, Dept Ob Gyn, Haartmaninkatu 2,POB 140, Helsinki 00029, Finland, [Royere, Dominique] Agence Biomed, 1 Ave Stade France, F-93212 La Plaine St Denis, France, [Tandler-Schneider, Andreas] Fertil Ctr Berlin, Spandauer Damm 130, D-14050 Berlin, Germany, [Uszkoriet, Monika] DIR Geschaftsstelle, Torstr 140, D-10119 Berlin, Germany, [Loutradis, Dimitris] Athens Med Sch, Dept OB GYN 1, 62 Sirinon St,17561 P Faliro, Athens, Greece, [Tarlatzis, Basil C.] Papageorgiou Hosp, Unit Human Reprod, Dept Ob Gyn 1, Thessaloniki 56403, Greece, [Urbancsek, Janos] Semmelweis Univ, Dept Ob Gyn 1, Baross Utca 27, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary, [Kosztolanyi, G.] Univ Pecs, Dept Med Genet & Child Dev, Jozsef Au 7, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary, [Bjorgvinsson, Hilmar] Art Med, Baejarlind 12, IS-201 Kopavogur, Iceland, [Mocanu, Edgar] Human Assisted Reprod Ireland Rotunda Hosp, HARI Unit, Masters House,Parnell Sq, Dublin 1, Ireland, [Scaravelli, Giulia] CNESPS, Ist Super Sanita, Registro Nazl Procreaz Medicalmente Assistita, Viale Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Rome, Italy, [Lokshin, Vyacheslav] Urban Ctr Humanreprod, Tole Be St 99, Alma Ata 50012, Kazakhstan, [Ravil, Valiyev] Sci Ctr Obstet Gynecol & Perinatol, Dostyk St 125, Alma Ata 050020, Kazakhstan, [Gudleviciene, Zivile] Balt Amer Clin, IVF Lab, Nemencines Rd 54A, LT-10103 Vilnius, Lithuania, [Lopes, Giedre Belo] Balt Amer Clin, IVF Lab, Nemencines Rd 54A, LT-10103 Vilnius, Lithuania, [Moshin, Veaceslav] State Med & Pharmaceut Univ N Testemitanu, Repromed Moldova, Ctr Mother Child Protect, Bd Cuza Voda 29-1, Kishinev, Moldova, [Simic, Tatjana Motrenko] Med Ctr Cetinje, Human Reprod Dept, Vuka Micunovica 4, Cetinje 81310, Montenegro, [Vukicevic, Dragana] Hosp Danilo I, Humana Reprod, Vuka Micunovica Bb, Cetinje 86000, Montenegro, [Romundstad, Liv Bente] St Olavs Hosp, Postboks 3250 Sluppen,Olav Kyrres Gt 17, N-7006 Trondheim, Norway, [Kurzawa, Rafael] Pomeranian Med Univ, Dept Reprod Med & Gynaecol, 2 Siedlecka St, PL-72010 Szczecin, Poland, [Calhaz-Jorge, Carlos] CNPMA, Assembleia Republ, P-1249068 Lisbon, Portugal, [Laranjeira, Ana Rita] CNPMA, Assembleia Republ, P-1249068 Lisbon, Portugal, [Rugescu, Ioana] Assoc & Representat Human Reprod Romanian Society, Lisbon, Portugal, [Doroftei, Bogdan] Univ Med & Pharm Iasi, Teaching Hosp Obgyn Cuza Voda, Cuza Voda Str 34, Iasi 700038, Romania, [Korsak, Vladislav] Int Ctr Reprod Med, Liniya 11,Bldg 18B, St Petersburg 199034, Russia, [Radunovic, Nebosja] Inst Obstet & Gynecol, Visegradska 26, Belgrade 11000, Serbia, [Tabs, Nada] Klin Ctr Vojvodine, Klin Ginekol & Akuserstvo, Branimira Cosica 37, Novi Sad 21000, Serbia, [Tomazevic, Tomaz] Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Slajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia, [Virant-Klun, Irma] Univ Med Ctr Ljubljana, Dept Obstet & Gynecol, Slajmerjeva 3, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia, [Hernandez Hernandez, Juana] Hosp San Pedro, Serv Ginecol & Obstet, Calle Piqueras 98, Logrono 26006, Spain, [Castilla Alcala, Jose Antonio] Hosp Virgende Nieves, Unidad Reprod, Ave Fuerzas Armadas 2, Granada 18014, Spain, [Bergh, Christina] Sahlgrens Univ Hosp, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Bla Str 6, S-41345 Gothenburg, Sweden, [Weder, Maya] Adm FIVNAT, Postfach 754, CH-3076 Worb, Switzerland, [De Geyter, Christian] Univ Womens Hosp Basel, Abt Gyn Endokrinol & Reprod Med, Spitalstr 21, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland, [Smeenk, Jesper M. J.] St Elisabeth Hosp Tilburg, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Hilv, Netherlands, [Gryshchenko, Mykola] IVF Clin Implant Ltd, Acad VI Gryshchenko Clin Reprod Med, 25 Karl Marx Str, UA-61000 Kharkov, Ukraine, and [Baranowski, Richard] HFEA, Finsbury Tower,103-105 Bunhill Row, London EC1 Y8HF, England

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, frozen embryo replacement, Pregnancy Rate, egg donation, medicine.medical_treatment, IVF ICSI intrauterine insemination egg donation frozen embryo replacement Europe data collection registry sperm injection countries trends Obstetrics & Gynecology Reproductive Biology, registry, Egg donation, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Medicine, Pregnancy, Multiple/statistics & numerical data, Fertilization in Vitro/statistics & numerical data, Registries, intrauterine insemination, education.field_of_study, Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic/statistics & numerical data, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Obstetrics, Rehabilitation, Pregnancy Outcome, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Embryo transfer, Sperm injection, Europe, IVF, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted/statistics & numerical data, Female, Pregnancy, Multiple, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, data collection, Reproductive Techniques, Assisted, Population, Embryo Transfer/statistics & numerical data, Fertilization in Vitro, Preimplantation genetic diagnosis, ICSI, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic, education, Assisted reproductive technology, business.industry, Artificial insemination, Embryo Transfer, medicine.disease, Pregnancy rate, 030104 developmental biology, Reproductive Medicine, Trends, business
Abstract

Study Question The 16th European IVF-monitoring (EIM) report presents the data of the treatments involving assisted reproductive technology (ART) and intrauterine insemination (IUI) initiated in Europe during 2012: are there any changes compared with previous years? Summary Answer Despite some fluctuations in the number of countries reporting data, the overall number of ART cycles has continued to increase year by year, the pregnancy rates (PRs) in 2012 remained stable compared with those reported in 2011, and the number of transfers with multiple embryos (3+) and the multiple delivery rates were lower than ever before. What is Known Already Since 1997, ART data in Europe have been collected and re-ported in 15 manuscripts, published in Human Reproduction. Study Design, Size, Duration Retrospective data collection of European ART data by the EIM Consortium for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Data for cycles between 1 January and 31 December 2012 were collected from National Registers, when existing, or on a voluntary basis by personal information. Participants/Materials, Setting, Methods From 34 countries (+1 compared with 2011), 1111 clinics reported 640 144 treatment cycles including 139 978 of IVF, 312 600 of ICSI, 139 558 of frozen embryo replacement (FER), 33 605 of egg donation (ED), 421 of in vitro maturation, 8433 of preimplantation genetic diagnosis/preimplantation genetic screening and 5549 of frozen oocyte replacements (FOR). European data on intrauterine insemination using husband/partner's semen (IUI-H) and donor semen (IUI-D) were reported from 1126 IUI labs in 24 countries. A total of 175 028 IUI-H and 43 497 IUI-D cycles were included. Main Results and the Role of Chance In 18 countries where all clinics reported to their ART register, a total of 369 081 ART cycles were performed in a population of around 295 million inhabitants, corresponding to 1252 cycles per million inhabitants (range 325-2732 cycles per million inhabitants). For all IVF cycles, the clinical PRs per aspiration and per transfer were stable with 29.4 (29.1% in 2011) and 33.8% (33.2% in 2011), respectively. For ICSI, the corresponding rates also were stable with 27.8 (27.9% in 2011) and 32.3% (31.8% in 2011). In FER cycles, the PR per thawing/warming increased to 23.1% (21.3% in 2011). In ED cycles, the PR per fresh transfer increased to 48.4% (45.8% in 2011) and to 35.9% (33.6% in 2011) per thawed transfer, while it was 45.1% for transfers after FOR. The delivery rate after IUI remained stable, at 8.5% (8.3% in 2011) after IUI-H and 12.0% (12.2% in 2011) after IUI-D. In IVF and ICSI cycles, 1, 2, 3 and 4+ embryos were transferred in 30.2, 55.4, 13.3 and 1.1% of the cycles, respectively. The proportions of singleton, twin and triplet deliveries after IVF and ICSI (added together) were 82.1, 17.3 and 0.6%, respectively, resulting in a total multiple delivery rate of 17.9% compared with 19.2% in 2011 and 20.6% in 2010. In FER cycles, the multiple delivery rate was 12.5% (12.2% twins and 0.3% triplets). Twin and triplet delivery rates associated with IUI cycles were 9.0%/0.4% and 7.2%/0.5%, following treatment with husband and donor semen, respectively. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The method of reporting varies among countries, and registers from a number of countries have been unable to provide some of the relevant data such as initiated cycles and deliveries. As long as data are incomplete and generated through different methods of collection, results should be interpreted with caution. Wider Implications of the Findings The 16th ESHRE report on ART shows a continuing expansion of the number of treatment cycles in Europe, with more than 640 000 cycles reported in 2012 with an increasing contribution to birthrate in many countries. However, the need to improve and standardize the national registries, and to establish validation methodologies remains manifest. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS The study has no external funding; all costs are covered by ESHRE. There are no competing interests.

Published
2016
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2. Historical epidemiology of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in selected countries

Author

Markus Cornberg, Mette Rye Clausen, Marc Bilodeau, Wahid Doss, E. Gower, Karolin Falconer, Pablo Lázaro, Necati Örmeci, Beat Müllhaupt, Jose Luis Calleja, S. J. Hindman, Wim Laleman, Peer Brehm Christensen, J Parkes, Matthew E. Cramp, Anne Øvrehus, Vratislav Nemecek, Ulus Salih Akarca, Javier García-Samaniego, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu, Christophe Hézode, Jan Sperl, N. Reis, Heiner Wedemeyer, M. C. Mendes Correa, D. Vandijck, Morris Sherman, William Rosenberg, Henrique Sérgio Moraes Coelho, Alexander J. Thompson, Rudolf E. Stauber, Peter Stärkel, Maria Buti, M Guimarães Pessôa, William Sievert, Petr Husa, Wolfgang Vogel, Manal H El-Sayed, Robert P. Myers, Gamal Esmat, İsmail Balik, Fernando L. Gonçales, Francesco Negro, Petr Urbánek, Johannes Wiegand, Martin Kåberg, Christophe Moreno, Kevork M. Peltekian, Ramazan Idilman, S. Mauss, Soo Aleman, José Giria, Chris Estes, Gül Ergör, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Stuart K. Roberts, Nina Weis, Daniel Lavanchy, Kelly Kaita, Michael Gschwantler, Stephen D. Ryder, Hugo Cheinquer, Imam Waked, Ayman Yosry, Antonio Javier Blasco, Jan Gerstoft, Filipe Calinas, Paul Marotta, J. Félix, Henrik Krarup, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz, Homie Razavi, Gamal Shiha, Rui Tato Marinho, Christoph Sarrazin, Rui Sarmento-Castro, P. Van Damme, Mel Krajden, Achim Kautz, Harald Hofer, Florian Bihl, Gregory J. Dore, Thomas Berg, Amany Zekry, C. E. Brandão Mello, Alnoor Ramji, I. van Thiel, Paulo R. Ferreira, David Semela, Philip Bruggmann, S. Frankova, H. Van Vlierberghe, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Arud Ctr Addict Med, Univ Leipzig, Odense Univ Hosp, Univ Libre Brussels, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Hop Henri Mondor, Hosp Santa Maria, Univ Toronto, Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Biomed Res Unit, Inst Clin & Expt Med, Ege Univ, Ankara Univ, Osped Cantonale, Univ Montreal, Adv Tech Hlth Serv Res TAISS, Hosp Valle de Hebron, Hosp Santo Antonio Capuchos, Hosp Puerta Hierro, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Region Hosp Hovedstaden, Hannover Med Sch, German Liver Fdn, Univ Plymouth, Univ New S Wales, Cairo Univ, Orebro Univ Hosp, Univ Orebro, Ain Shams Univ, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Ctr Dis Anal CDA, Karolinska Inst, Exigo Consultores, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Hosp Carlos III, Univ Copenhagen, Direccao Geral Saude, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Med Univ Vienna, Masaryk Univ, Univ Manitoba, Hlth Sci Ctr, European Liver Patients Assoc, Istanbul Univ, Univ British Columbia, Aalborg Univ Hosp, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Western Ontario, Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Zurich Hosp, Univ Calgary, Univ Hosp, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Univ Southhampton, Dalhousie Univ, Capital Dist Hlth Author, Assembleia Republ, Alfred Hosp, Monash Univ, UCL, Ctr Hosp Porto, JW Goethe Univ Hosp, Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Egyptian Liver Res Inst & Hosp ELRIAH, Monash Hlth, Catholic Univ Louvain, Med Univ Graz, St Vincents Hosp, Univ Melbourne, Charles Univ Prague, Cent Mil Hosp, Deutsch Leberhilfe eV, Ghent Univ Hosp, Univ Ghent, Hasselt Univ, Med Univ Innsbruck, Natl Liver Inst, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Univ Antwerp, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Bihl, Florian, Negro, Francesco, and Semela, David

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, diagnosis, prevalence, Prevalence, ddc:616.07, disease burden, 03 medical and health sciences, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Virology, Epidemiology, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Disease burden, Hepatitis, ddc:616, Hepatology, treatment, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), virus diseases, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, mortality, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, HCV, incidence, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, epidemiology, Human medicine, hepatitis C, business, Demography
Abstract

Gilead Sciences Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading indicator for liver disease. New treatment options are becoming available, and there is a need to characterize the epidemiology and disease burden of HCV. Data for prevalence, viremia, genotype, diagnosis and treatment were obtained through literature searches and expert consensus for 16 countries. for some countries, data from centralized registries were used to estimate diagnosis and treatment rates. Data for the number of liver transplants and the proportion attributable to HCV were obtained from centralized databases. Viremic prevalence estimates varied widely between countries, ranging from 0.3% in Austria, England and Germany to 8.5% in Egypt. the largest viremic populations were in Egypt, with 6358000 cases in 2008 and Brazil with 2106000 cases in 2007. the age distribution of cases differed between countries. in most countries, prevalence rates were higher among males, reflecting higher rates of injection drug use. Diagnosis, treatment and transplant levels also differed considerably between countries. Reliable estimates characterizing HCV-infected populations are critical for addressing HCV-related morbidity and mortality. There is a need to quantify the burden of chronic HCV infection at the national level. Arud Ctr Addict Med, CH-8005 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark Univ Libre Brussels, Erasme Univ Hosp, Brussels, Belgium Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Gastroenterol, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Hop Henri Mondor, Dept Sante Publ, F-94010 Creteil, France Hosp Santa Maria, Ctr Hosp Lisboa Norte, Dept Gastroenterol, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham, England Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England Inst Clin & Expt Med, Dept Hepatogastroenterol, Prague, Czech Republic Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey Ankara Univ, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Osped Cantonale, Dept Gastroenterol, Bellinzona, Switzerland Univ Montreal, Dept Med, Liver Unit, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada Adv Tech Hlth Serv Res TAISS, Madrid, Spain Hosp Valle de Hebron, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain Hosp Santo Antonio Capuchos, Dept Gastroenterol, Ctr Hosp Lisboa Cent, Lisbon, Portugal Hosp Puerta Hierro, Madrid, Spain Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Region Hosp Hovedstaden, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Clin Med, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Hannover Med Sch, Dept Gastroenterol Hepatol & Endocrinol, Hannover, Germany German Liver Fdn, Hannover, Germany Univ Plymouth, Peninsula Schools Med & Dent, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England Univ New S Wales, Kirby Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Orebro, Sweden Univ Orebro, Sch Hlth & Med Sci, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt Dokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, Turkey Ctr Dis Anal CDA, Louisville, CO USA Karolinska Inst, Infect Dis Unit, Dept Med Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Exigo Consultores, Alhos Vedros, Portugal Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, Brazil Hosp Carlos III, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Direccao Geral Saude, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, UNICAMP,Dept Clin Med, Grp Estudo Hepatites,Disciplina Doencas Infeccios, São Paulo, Brazil Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Dept Internal Med 4, Vienna, Austria Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, São Paulo, Brazil Hop Henri Mondor, Serv Hepatogastroenterol, F-94010 Creteil, France Med Univ Vienna, Dept Internal Med 3, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Vienna, Austria Masaryk Univ, Univ Hosp Brno, Clin Infect Dis, Brno, Czech Republic Ankara Univ, Dept Gastroenterol, Sch Med, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Univ Manitoba, Dept Internal Med, Sect Hepatol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Hlth Sci Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Invest Unit, Winnipeg, MB, Canada European Liver Patients Assoc, St Truiden, Belgium Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey Univ British Columbia, British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Med Gastroenterol, Aalborg, Denmark Aalborg Univ Hosp, Sect Mol Diagnost, Aalborg, Denmark Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Louvain, Belgium Univ Western Ontario, Div Gastroenterol, London, ON, Canada Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, São Paulo, Brazil Univ Zurich Hosp, Swiss HPB Hepatopancreatobiliary Ctr, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Calgary, Liver Unit, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Calgary, AB, Canada Univ Hosp, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Geneva, Switzerland Univ Hosp, Div Clin Pathol, Geneva, Switzerland Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Reference Lab Hepatitis, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Southhampton, Southampton, England Dalhousie Univ, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada Dalhousie Univ, Dept Surg, Halifax, NS B3H 4H2, Canada Capital Dist Hlth Author, Serv Hepatol, Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Halifax, NS, Canada Univ British Columbia, Dept Gastroenterol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada Assembleia Republ, Lisbon, Portugal Alfred Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia UCL, UCL Inst Liver & Digest Hlth, Div Med, London, England Ctr Hosp Porto, Dept Infect Dis, Oporto, Portugal JW Goethe Univ Hosp, Frankfurt, Germany Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, St Gallen, Switzerland Egyptian Liver Res Inst & Hosp ELRIAH, Dakahliah, Egypt Monash Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Catholic Univ Louvain, Clin Univ St Luc, Brussels, Belgium Med Univ Graz, Dept Internal Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Graz, Austria St Vincents Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med 1, Prague, Czech Republic Cent Mil Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic Deutsch Leberhilfe eV, Cologne, Germany Ghent Univ Hosp, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Hasselt Univ, Dept Hlth Econ & Patient Safety, Diepenbeek, Belgium Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Natl Liver Inst, Menoufia, Egypt Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Hvidovre, Denmark Univ New S Wales, St George Hosp Clin Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol Infect Dis, Stockholm, Sweden Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, Brazil Web of Science

Published
2014
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3. Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease burden

Author

William Sievert, Wolfgang Vogel, C. E. Brandão Mello, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz, José Giria, Chris Estes, Homie Razavi, Martin Kåberg, Morris Sherman, Gamal Shiha, Christoph Sarrazin, Johannes Wiegand, J Parkes, Stephen D. Ryder, Filipe Calinas, Jan Sperl, Kevork M. Peltekian, Markus Cornberg, Matthew E. Cramp, Karolin Falconer, Marc Bilodeau, P. Van Damme, Anne Øvrehus, Philip Bruggmann, Maria Buti, Jose Luis Calleja, H. Van Vlierberghe, J. Félix, Achim Kautz, Jan Gerstoft, Peer Brehm Christensen, Gregory J. Dore, Necati Örmeci, Petr Urbánek, Kelly Kaita, N. Reis, Alexander J. Thompson, Javier García-Samaniego, Fernando L. Gonçales, Thomas Berg, S. Frankova, E. Gower, Amany Zekry, Peter Stärkel, Daniel Lavanchy, Florian Bihl, Beat Müllhaupt, Rui Tato Marinho, M. C. Mendes Correa, Pablo Lázaro, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Mette Rye Clausen, Vratislav Nemecek, Mel Krajden, Ulus Salih Akarca, İsmail Balik, Wim Laleman, Stuart K. Roberts, S. Mauss, Robert P. Myers, Michael Gschwantler, Wahid Doss, Sabahattin Kaymakoglu, Imam Waked, Hugo Cheinquer, Ayman Yosry, Gül Ergör, Ann-Sofi Duberg, Alnoor Ramji, Henrique Sérgio Moraes Coelho, H. Wedemeyer, Christophe Moreno, Christophe Hézode, Francesco Negro, S. J. Hindman, Henrik Krarup, Dominique Vandijck, I. van Thiel, Gamal Esmat, M Guimarães Pessôa, Manal H El-Sayed, Nina Weis, Paul Marotta, Antonio Javier Blasco, Ramazan Idilman, Rui Sarmento-Castro, Harald Hofer, Paulo R. Ferreira, David Semela, Rudolf E. Stauber, Petr Husa, Soo Aleman, William Rosenberg, Hannover Med Sch, German Liver Fdn, Orebro Univ Hosp, Univ Orebro, Hosp Valle de Hebron, UCL, Inst Clin & Expt Med, Cairo Univ, Ankara Univ, Ghent Univ Hosp, Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Ege Univ, Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Univ Leipzig, Osped Cantonale, Univ Montreal, Adv Tech Hlth Serv Res TAISS, Fed Univ State Rio de Janeiro, Arud Ctr Addict Med, Hosp Santo Antonio Capuchos, Hosp Puerta Hierro, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Odense Univ Hosp, Region Hosp Hovedstaden, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Univ Plymouth, Univ New S Wales, Ain Shams Univ, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Ctr Dis Anal CDA, Exigo Consultores, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Hosp Carlos III, Univ Copenhagen, Direccao Geral Saude, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hop Henri Mondor, Med Univ Vienna, Masaryk Univ, Univ Manitoba, Hlth Sci Ctr, European Liver Patients Assoc, Istanbul Univ, Univ British Columbia, Aalborg Univ Hosp, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Western Ontario, Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Libre Brussels, Univ Zurich Hosp, Univ Calgary, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Univ Southhampton, Dalhousie Univ & Hepatol Serv, Assembleia Republ, Alfred Hosp, Monash Univ, Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Biomed Res Unit, Ctr Hosp Porto, JW Goethe Univ Hosp, Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Univ Toronto, Egyptian Liver Res Inst & Hosp ELRIAH, Catholic Univ Louvain, Med Univ Graz, St Vincents Hosp, Univ Melbourne, Charles Univ Prague, Cent Mil Hosp, Univ Antwerp, Deutsch Leberhilfe eV, Univ Ghent, Hasselt Univ, Med Univ Innsbruck, Natl Liver Inst, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Univ Hosp, Monash Hlth, Bihl, Florian, Semela, David, and Negro, Francesco

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, diagnosis, Hepatitis C virus, Population, prevalence, ddc:616.07, medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, Telaprevir, disease burden, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Liver disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Disease burden, ddc:616, education.field_of_study, Hepatology, treatment, business.industry, Ribavirin, scenarios, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, mortality, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, HCV, incidence, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, epidemiology, Human medicine, hepatitis C, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Gilead Sciences The number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections is projected to decline while those with advanced liver disease will increase. A modeling approach was used to forecast two treatment scenarios: (i) the impact of increased treatment efficacy while keeping the number of treated patients constant and (ii) increasing efficacy and treatment rate. This analysis suggests that successful diagnosis and treatment of a small proportion of patients can contribute significantly to the reduction of disease burden in the countries studied. the largest reduction in HCV-related morbidity and mortality occurs when increased treatment is combined with higher efficacy therapies, generally in combination with increased diagnosis. With a treatment rate of approximately 10%, this analysis suggests it is possible to achieve elimination of HCV (defined as a >90% decline in total infections by 2030). However, for most countries presented, this will require a 3-5 fold increase in diagnosis and/or treatment. Thus, building the public health and clinical provider capacity for improved diagnosis and treatment will be critical. Hannover Med Sch, Dept Gastroenterol Hepatol & Endocrinol, D-30625 Hannover, Germany German Liver Fdn, Hannover, Germany Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Orebro, Sweden Univ Orebro, Sch Hlth & Med Sci, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden Hosp Valle de Hebron, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain UCL, Div Med, UCL Inst Liver & Digest Hlth, London, England Inst Clin & Expt Med, Dept Hepatogastroenterol, Prague, Czech Republic Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt Ankara Univ, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Ghent Univ Hosp, Ghent, Belgium Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Dept Internal Med 4, Vienna, Austria Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol Infect Dis, Stockholm, Sweden Univ Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany Osped Cantonale, Dept Gastroenterol, Bellinzona, Switzerland Univ Montreal, Dept Med, Liver Unit, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada Adv Tech Hlth Serv Res TAISS, Madrid, Spain Fed Univ State Rio de Janeiro, Dept Gastroenterol, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Arud Ctr Addict Med, Zurich, Switzerland Hosp Santo Antonio Capuchos, Ctr Hosp Lisboa Cent, Dept Gastroenterol, Lisbon, Portugal Hosp Puerta Hierro, Madrid, Spain Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark Region Hosp Hovedstaden, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Clin Med, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Univ Plymouth, Peninsula Sch Med & Dent, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England Univ New S Wales, Kirby Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt Dokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, Turkey Ctr Dis Anal CDA, Louisville, CO USA Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Huddinge, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden Exigo Consultores, Alhos Vedros, Portugal Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, Brazil Hosp Carlos III, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Direccao Geral Saude, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Estadual Campinas, Fac Ciencias Med, Disciplina Doencas Infecciosas, Grp Estudo Hepatites,Dept Clin Med, São Paulo, Brazil Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, São Paulo, Brazil Hop Henri Mondor, Serv Hepatogastroenterol, F-94010 Creteil, France Med Univ Vienna, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Internal Med 3, Vienna, Austria Masaryk Univ, Clin Infect Dis, Univ Hosp Brno, Brno, Czech Republic Ankara Univ, Dept Gastroenterol, Sch Med, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Univ Manitoba, Dept Internal Med, Sect Hepatol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Hlth Sci Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Invest Unit, Winnipeg, MB, Canada European Liver Patients Assoc, St Truiden, Belgium Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey Univ British Columbia, British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Med Gastroenterol, Aalborg, Denmark Aalborg Univ Hosp, Sect Mol Diagnost, Aalborg, Denmark Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Louvain, Belgium Univ Western Ontario, Div Gastroenterol, London, ON, Canada Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, São Paulo, Brazil Univ Libre Brussels, Erasme Univ Hosp, Brussels, Belgium Univ Zurich Hosp, Swiss HPB Hepatopancreatobiliary Ctr, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Calgary, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Liver Unit, Calgary, AB, Canada Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Reference Lab Hepatitis, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Southhampton, Southampton, England Dalhousie Univ & Hepatol Serv, Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Capital Dist Hlth Author, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada Dalhousie Univ & Hepatol Serv, Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Capital Dist Hlth Author, Dept Surg, Halifax, NS, Canada Univ British Columbia, Dept Gastroenterol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada Assembleia Republ, Lisbon, Portugal Alfred Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia Hop Henri Mondor, Dept Sante Publ, F-94010 Creteil, France Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham, England Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England Ctr Hosp Porto, Dept Infect Dis, Oporto, Portugal JW Goethe Univ Hosp, Frankfurt, Germany Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, St Gallen, Switzerland Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada Egyptian Liver Res Inst & Hosp ELRIAH, Dakahliah, Egypt Catholic Univ Louvain, Clin Univ St Luc, Brussels, Belgium Med Univ Graz, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, Graz, Austria St Vincents Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med 1, Prague, Czech Republic Cent Mil Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Deutsch Leberhilfe eV, Cologne, Germany Univ Ghent, Dept Hlth Econ & Patient Safety, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium Hasselt Univ, Diepenbeek, Belgium Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Natl Liver Inst, Menoufia, Egypt Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Hvidovre, Denmark Univ New S Wales, St George Hosp Clin Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Hosp, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Geneva, Switzerland Univ Hosp, Div Clin Pathol, Geneva, Switzerland Monash Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Division of Gastroenterology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Division of Infectious Disease, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Web of Science

Published
2014
Full Text
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4. The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with today's treatment paradigm

Author

Altaf Alam, K. Saeed, N. Nugrahini, Fadi H. Mourad, Andri Sanityoso Sulaiman, Abdul Rahman Bizri, Jon G. Jonasson, Liana Gheorghe, S. Alawadhi, Ala I. Sharara, Sarah Blach, Rino Alvani Gani, Do Young Kim, M. Alzaabi, Young Seok Kim, Matti Maimets, S. Priohutomo, A. Löve, Saeed Hamid, Abdullah M. Assiri, H. Al Quraishi, Adel Alqutub, G. Tayyab, Junko Tanaka, H. Qureshi, A. Salamat, P. Aldins, M. S. Choi, M. T. Barakat, Reza Malekzadeh, M. Sadik, Kwang Hyub Han, Young-Suk Lim, J. Videčnik-Zorman, A. Abdou, Jacques E Mokhbat, Zaigham Abbas, Khalid Alswat, G. Sigmundsdottir, B. Karlsdottir, Marwa Sultan, K. Al Jaberi, Devin Razavi-Shearer, A. Al Rifai, Chris Estes, Abdullah S. Alghamdi, A. Sanityoso Sulaiman, Béla Hunyady, F. Al Braiki, B. Sigurdardottir, Ieva Tolmane, Kathryn Razavi-Shearer, S. El Khoury, Gabor Horvath, Y. Al Serkal, M. Taha, Hamad I. Al-Ashgar, Cesar Yaghi, Abdulrahman Aljumah, Danute Speiciene, Riina Salupere, Irsan Hasan, S. Fakhry, Homie Razavi, Evy Yunihastuti, F. Al Hosani, M. A. Al Mulla, Faisal M. Sanai, Mohamed A. Babatin, N. Andrea, L. Al-Dabal, S. Gregorcic, Arif Nawaz, R. Al-Hakeem, E. S. El Hassan, R. Husni, M. Siddiq, David H. Muljono, Adrian Goldis, A. Almessabi, Jonathan Schmelzer, Mojca Maticic, Laurentius A. Lesmana, A. Baqir, Ibrahim Altraif, Faisal Abaalkhail, Shahin Merat, Mihály Makara, A. Abourached, Jonas Valantinas, Asad Chaudhry, T. Diab, M. Ud Din, Muhammad S. Memon, Jessie Gunter, R. A. Sayegh, Seyed Moayed Alavian, A. M. Siddiqui, H. Fridjonsdottir, Bader Faiyaz Zuberi, M. Umar, Magnus Gottfredsson, Baiba Rozentale, Agita Jeruma, Samsuridjal Djauzi, Almoutaz Hashim, A. Ghafoor Khan, Ottar M. Bergmann, Z. Koutoubi, M. A. Yusuf, H. Tarifi, A. Sibley, Faleh Z. Al-Faleh, Wasim Jafri, P. Rassam, J. I. Farooqi, S. Olafsson, Behzad Hajarizadeh, Valentina Liakina, M. Al Khatry, Ctr Dis Anal, Natl Liver Inst, JW Goethe Univ Hosp, Univ Calgary, Ankara Univ, Hosp Santo Antonio Capuchos, Med Univ Innsbruck, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Hop Henri Mondor, Adv Tech Hlth Serv Res TAISS, Ege Univ, Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Univ Leipzig, Osped Cantonale, Univ Montreal, Fed Univ State Rio de Janeiro, Arud Ctr Addict Med, Hosp Valle de Hebron, Hosp Puerta Hierro, Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Odense Univ Hosp, Reg Hosp Hovedstaden, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Univ Plymouth, Univ New S Wales, Cairo Univ, Orebro Univ Hosp, Univ Orebro, Ain Shams Univ, Dokuz Eylul Univ, Exigo Consultores, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Inst Clin & Expt Med, Hosp Carlos III, Univ Copenhagen, Direccao Geral Saude, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Med Univ Vienna, Masaryk Univ, Univ Manitoba, Hlth Sci Ctr, European Liver Patients Assoc, Istanbul Univ, Univ British Columbia, Aalborg Univ Hosp, Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hosp Santa Maria, Univ Western Ontario, Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Libre Brussels, Univ Hosp, Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Univ Southhampton, Dalhousie Univ & Hepatol Serv, Assembleia Republ, Alfred Hosp, Monash Univ, UCL, Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Biomed Res Unit, Ctr Hosp Porto, Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Univ Toronto, Egyptian Liver Res Inst & Hosp, Monash Hlth, Catholic Univ Louvain, Med Univ Graz, St Vincents Hosp, Univ Melbourne, Charles Univ Prague, Cent Mil Hosp, Univ Antwerp, Deutsch Leberhilfe eV, Ghent Univ Hosp, Univ Ghent, Hannover Med Sch, Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Univ Zurich Hosp, Bihl, Florian, Negro, Francesco, and Semela, David

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, diagnosis, Cost effectiveness, Hepatitis C virus, prevalence, ddc:616.07, medicine.disease_cause, disease burden, Liver disease, Virology, Epidemiology, medicine, Disease burden, ddc:616, treatment, Hepatology, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, mortality, Infectious Diseases, HCV, Immunology, incidence, epidemiology, Human medicine, hepatitis C, Viral hepatitis, business
Abstract

Gilead Sciences The disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is expected to increase as the infected population ages. A modelling approach was used to estimate the total number of viremic infections, diagnosed, treated and new infections in 2013. in addition, the model was used to estimate the change in the total number of HCV infections, the disease progression and mortality in 2013-2030. Finally, expert panel consensus was used to capture current treatment practices in each country. Using today's treatment paradigm, the total number of HCV infections is projected to decline or remain flat in all countries studied. However, in the same time period, the number of individuals with late-stage liver disease is projected to increase. This study concluded that the current treatment rate and efficacy are not sufficient to manage the disease burden of HCV. Thus, alternative strategies are required to keep the number of HCV individuals with advanced liver disease and liver-related deaths from increasing. Ctr Dis Anal, Louisville, CO 80027 USA Natl Liver Inst, Menoufia, Egypt JW Goethe Univ Hosp, Frankfurt, Germany Univ Calgary, Liver Unit, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Calgary, AB, Canada Ankara Univ, Dept Gastroenterol, Sch Med, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Hosp Santo Antonio Capuchos, Dept Gastroenterol, Ctr Hosp Lisboa Cent, Lisbon, Portugal Med Univ Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, São Paulo, Brazil Hop Henri Mondor, Serv Hepatogastroenterol, F-94010 Creteil, France Adv Tech Hlth Serv Res TAISS, Madrid, Spain Ege Univ, Izmir, Turkey Karolinska Inst, Dept Med Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol Infect Dis, Stockholm, Sweden Ankara Univ, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey Univ Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany Osped Cantonale, Dept Gastroenterol, Bellinzona, Switzerland Univ Montreal, Dept Med, Liver Unit, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada Fed Univ State Rio de Janeiro, Dept Gastroenterol, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Arud Ctr Addict Med, Zurich, Switzerland Hosp Valle de Hebron, CIBERehd, Barcelona, Spain Hosp Puerta Hierro, Madrid, Spain Univ Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil Odense Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, DK-5000 Odense, Denmark Reg Hosp Hovedstaden, Copenhagen, Denmark Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Dept Clin Med, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Univ Plymouth, Peninsula Sch Med & Dent, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England Univ New S Wales, Kirby Inst, Sydney, NSW, Australia Cairo Univ, Cairo, Egypt Orebro Univ Hosp, Dept Infect Dis, Orebro, Sweden Univ Orebro, Sch Hlth & Med Sci, SE-70182 Orebro, Sweden Ain Shams Univ, Cairo, Egypt Dokuz Eylul Univ, Izmir, Turkey Karolinska Inst, Karolinska Univ Hosp, Dept Med Huddinge, Infect Dis Unit, Stockholm, Sweden Exigo Consultores, Alhos Vedros, Portugal Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, Brazil Inst Clin & Expt Med, Dept Hepatogastroenterol, Prague, Czech Republic Hosp Carlos III, CIBERehd, Madrid, Spain Univ Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark Direccao Geral Saude, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Estadual Campinas, Disciplina Doencas Infecciosas, Dept Clin Med, Grp Estudo Hepatites,Fac Ciencias Med,UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil Wilhelminenspital Stadt Wien, Dept Internal Med 4, Vienna, Austria Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, São Paulo, Brazil Med Univ Vienna, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Internal Med 3, Vienna, Austria Masaryk Univ, Univ Hosp Brno, Clin Infect Dis, Brno, Czech Republic Univ Manitoba, Dept Internal Med, Sect Hepatol, Winnipeg, MB, Canada Hlth Sci Ctr, Viral Hepatitis Invest Unit, Winnipeg, MB, Canada European Liver Patients Assoc, St Truiden, Belgium Istanbul Univ, Istanbul, Turkey Univ British Columbia, British Columbia Ctr Dis Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada Aalborg Univ Hosp, Dept Med Gastroenterol, Aalborg, Denmark Aalborg Univ Hosp, Sect Mol Diagnost, Aalborg, Denmark Katholieke Univ Leuven, Univ Hosp Leuven, Louvain, Belgium Hosp Santa Maria, Dept Gastroenterol, Ctr Hosp Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal Univ Western Ontario, Div Gastroenterol, London, ON, Canada Univ Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany Univ Libre Brussels, Erasme Univ Hosp, Brussels, Belgium Univ Hosp, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Geneva, Switzerland Univ Hosp, Div Clin Pathol, Geneva, Switzerland Natl Inst Publ Hlth, Natl Reference Lab Hepatitis, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Southhampton, Southampton, England Dalhousie Univ & Hepatol Serv, Capital Dist Hlth Author, Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med, Halifax, NS, Canada Dalhousie Univ & Hepatol Serv, Capital Dist Hlth Author, Queen Elizabeth II Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Surg, Halifax, NS, Canada Univ British Columbia, Dept Gastroenterol, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada Assembleia Republ, Lisbon, Portugal Alfred Hosp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Monash Univ, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia UCL, Div Med, UCL Inst Liver & Digest Hlth, London, England Hop Henri Mondor, Dept Sante Publ, F-94010 Creteil, France Nottingham Univ Hosp NHS Trust, Nottingham, England Biomed Res Unit, Nottingham, England Ctr Hosp Porto, Dept Infect Dis, Oporto, Portugal Cantonal Hosp St Gallen, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, St Gallen, Switzerland Univ Toronto, Toronto Gen Hosp, Univ Hlth Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada Egyptian Liver Res Inst & Hosp, Dakahliah, Egypt Monash Hlth, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Catholic Univ Louvain, Clin Univ St Luc, Brussels, Belgium Med Univ Graz, Div Gastroenterol & Hepatol, Dept Internal Med, Graz, Austria St Vincents Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Univ Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic, Australia Charles Univ Prague, Dept Internal Med, Fac Med 1, Prague, Czech Republic Cent Mil Hosp, Prague, Czech Republic Univ Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium Deutsch Leberhilfe eV, Cologne, Germany Ghent Univ Hosp, Ghent, Belgium Univ Ghent, Belgium Hasselt Univ, Dept Hlth Econ & Patient Safety, Diepenbeek, Belgium Hannover Med Sch, Dept Gastroenterol Hepatol & Endocrinol, Hannover, Germany Copenhagen Univ Hosp, Hvidovre, Denmark Univ New S Wales, St George Hosp Clin Sch Med, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ New S Wales, Sch Med Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia Univ Zurich Hosp, Swiss HPB Hepatopancreatobiliary Ctr, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland Univ Zurich Hosp, Dept Gastroenterol & Hepatol, CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Gastroenterol, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Div Infect Dis, São Paulo, Brazil Web of Science

Published
2014
Full Text
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