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Understanding the adaptive mechanism of trees to climate change and effective management of genetic resources necessitate a comprehensive knowledge of the relationship between environmental factors and their adaptive power. This study focuses on the endangered Moroccan endemic tree, Argania spinosaL., known for its remarkable adaptive power in the Mediterranean climate and heavily impacted by climate change. Through genomic scans along a latitudinal gradient, we aimed to identify genomic regions associated with convergent or divergent selection by searching the genome for outlier loci demonstrating high population differentiation. Variation of dominant markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) was correlated with variation of environmental factors to discern signals of natural selection in 13 natural populations of Argania spinosaL. along a latitudinal transect.