9,647 results on '"Aspinall A"'
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2. The use of 10% buffered formalin as a preservative agent when cerebrospinal fluid analysis is delayed: a prospective analysis
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Aspinall, Sophie, primary
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- 2024
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3. Session recording: Feline General Practice and Clinical pathology
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Nicholls, Eleanor, primary, Gomez, Melissa, additional, Bass, Olivia, additional, Aspinall, Sophie, additional, and Fong, Karen, additional
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- 2024
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4. A Snapshot of a Fragmented Landscape
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Fraser, Brodie, primary, Aspinall, Clare, additional, Chisholm, Elinor, additional, Ombler, Jenny, additional, Bierre, Sarah, additional, Telfar-Barnard, Lucy, additional, Johnson, Ellie, additional, and Howden-Chapman, Philippa, additional
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- 2024
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5. Seladelpar efficacy and safety at 3 months in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: ENHANCE, a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
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Hirschfield, Gideon M, Shiffman, Mitchell L, Gulamhusein, Aliya, Kowdley, Kris V, Vierling, John M, Levy, Cynthia, Kremer, Andreas E, Zigmond, Ehud, Andreone, Pietro, Gordon, Stuart C, Bowlus, Christopher L, Lawitz, Eric J, Aspinall, Richard J, Pratt, Daniel S, Raikhelson, Karina, Gonzalez-Huezo, Maria S, Heneghan, Michael A, Jeong, Sook-Hyang, Ladrón de Guevara, Alma L, Mayo, Marlyn J, Dalekos, George N, Drenth, Joost PH, Janczewska, Ewa, Leggett, Barbara A, Nevens, Frederik, Vargas, Victor, Zuckerman, Eli, Corpechot, Christophe, Fassio, Eduardo, Hinrichsen, Holger, Invernizzi, Pietro, Trivedi, Palak J, Forman, Lisa, Jones, David EJ, Ryder, Stephen D, Swain, Mark G, Steinberg, Alexandra, Boudes, Pol F, Choi, Yun-Jung, McWherter, Charles A, and ENHANCE Study Group*
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ENHANCE Study Group* ,Humans ,Liver Cirrhosis ,Biliary ,Pruritus ,Acetates ,Ursodeoxycholic Acid ,Alkaline Phosphatase ,Cholagogues and Choleretics ,Digestive Diseases ,Liver Disease ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Clinical Research ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Medical Biochemistry and Metabolomics ,Clinical Sciences ,Immunology ,Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Abstract
Background and aimsENHANCE was a phase 3 study that evaluated efficacy and safety of seladelpar, a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ (PPAR) agonist, versus placebo in patients with primary biliary cholangitis with inadequate response or intolerance to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).Approach and resultsPatients were randomized 1:1:1 to oral seladelpar 5 mg (n=89), 10 mg (n=89), placebo (n=87) daily (with UDCA, as appropriate). Primary end point was a composite biochemical response [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) < 1.67×upper limit of normal (ULN), ≥15% ALP decrease from baseline, and total bilirubin ≤ ULN] at month 12. Key secondary end points were ALP normalization at month 12 and change in pruritus numerical rating scale (NRS) at month 6 in patients with baseline score ≥4. Aminotransferases were assessed. ENHANCE was terminated early following an erroneous safety signal in a concurrent, NASH trial. While blinded, primary and secondary efficacy end points were amended to month 3. Significantly more patients receiving seladelpar met the primary end point (seladelpar 5 mg: 57.1%, 10 mg: 78.2%) versus placebo (12.5%) ( p < 0.0001). ALP normalization occurred in 5.4% ( p =0.08) and 27.3% ( p < 0.0001) of patients receiving 5 and 10 mg seladelpar, respectively, versus 0% receiving placebo. Seladelpar 10 mg significantly reduced mean pruritus NRS versus placebo [10 mg: -3.14 ( p =0.02); placebo: -1.55]. Alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly with seladelpar versus placebo [5 mg: 23.4% ( p =0.0008); 10 mg: 16.7% ( p =0.03); placebo: 4%]. There were no serious treatment-related adverse events.ConclusionsPatients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) with inadequate response or intolerance to UDCA who were treated with seladelpar 10 mg had significant improvements in liver biochemistry and pruritus. Seladelpar appeared safe and well tolerated.
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- 2023
6. Measuring Cyber Essentials Security Policies.
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Sándor Bartha, Russell Ballantine, and David Aspinall 0001
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- 2024
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7. Tactics for Account Access Graphs
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Arnaboldi, Luca, Aspinall, David, Kolb, Christina, Radomirović, Saša, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Tsudik, Gene, editor, Conti, Mauro, editor, Liang, Kaitai, editor, and Smaragdakis, Georgios, editor
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- 2024
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8. The impact of magnesium content on lithium-magnesium alloy electrode performance with argyrodite solid electrolyte
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Aspinall, Jack, Sada, Krishnakanth, Guo, Hua, Kotakadi, Souhardh, Narayanan, Sudarshan, Chart, Yvonne, Jagger, Ben, Milan, Emily, Brassart, Laurence, Armstrong, David, and Pasta, Mauro
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- 2024
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9. Waste not, want not: call to action for spinal manipulative therapy researchers
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Aspinall, Sasha L, Nim, Casper, Hartvigsen, Jan, Cook, Chad E, Skillgate, Eva, Vogel, Steven, Hohenschurz-Schmidt, David, Underwood, Martin, and Rubinstein, Sidney M
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- 2024
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10. A new ground level neutron monitor for space weather assessment
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Aspinall, Michael D., Alton, Tilly L., Binnersley, Cory L., Bradnam, Steven C., Croft, Stephen, Joyce, Malcolm J., Mashao, Dakalo, Packer, Lee W., Turner, Tony, and Wild, James A.
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- 2024
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11. Safety and efficacy of pyronaridine–artesunate paediatric granules in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children: insights from randomized clinical trials and a real-world study
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Ramharter, Michael, Djimde, Abdoulaye A., Borghini-Fuhrer, Isabelle, Miller, Robert, Shin, Jangsik, Aspinall, Adam, Richardson, Naomi, Wibberg, Martina, Fleckenstein, Lawrence, Arbe-Barnes, Sarah, and Duparc, Stephan
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- 2024
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12. The impact of magnesium content on lithium-magnesium alloy electrode performance with argyrodite solid electrolyte
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Jack Aspinall, Krishnakanth Sada, Hua Guo, Souhardh Kotakadi, Sudarshan Narayanan, Yvonne Chart, Ben Jagger, Emily Milan, Laurence Brassart, David Armstrong, and Mauro Pasta
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Solid-state lithium-based batteries offer higher energy density than their Li-ion counterparts. Yet they are limited in terms of negative electrode discharge performance and require high stack pressure during operation. To circumvent these issues, we propose the use of lithium-rich magnesium alloys as suitable negative electrodes in combination with Li6PS5Cl solid-state electrolyte. We synthesise and characterise lithium-rich magnesium alloys, quantifying the changes in mechanical properties, transport, and surface chemistry that impact electrochemical performance. Increases in hardness, stiffness, adhesion, and resistance to creep are quantified by nanoindentation as a function of magnesium content. A decrease in diffusivity is quantified with 6Li pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, and only a small increase in interfacial impedance due to the presence of magnesium is identified by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy which is correlated with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The addition of magnesium aids contact retention on discharge, but this must be balanced against a decrease in lithium diffusivity. We demonstrate via electrochemical testing of symmetric cells at 2.5 MPa and 30∘C that 1% magnesium content in the alloy increases the stripping capacity compared to both pure lithium and higher magnesium content alloys by balancing these effects.
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- 2024
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13. Waste not, want not: call to action for spinal manipulative therapy researchers
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Sasha L Aspinall, Casper Nim, Jan Hartvigsen, Chad E Cook, Eva Skillgate, Steven Vogel, David Hohenschurz-Schmidt, Martin Underwood, and Sidney M Rubinstein
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Spinal manipulative therapy ,Research waste ,Methodology ,Chiropractic ,RZ201-275 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Research waste is defined as research outcomes with no or minimal societal benefits. It is a widespread problem in the healthcare field. Four primary sources of research waste have been defined: (1) irrelevant or low priority research questions, (2) poor design or methodology, (3) lack of publication, and (4) biased or inadequate reporting. This commentary, which was developed by a multidisciplinary group of researchers with spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) research expertise, discusses waste in SMT research and provides suggestions to improve future research. Main text This commentary examines common sources of waste in SMT research, focusing on design and methodological issues, by drawing on prior research and examples from clinical and mechanistic SMT studies. Clinical research is dominated by small studies and studies with a high risk of bias. This problem is compounded by systematic reviews that pool heterogenous data from varying populations, settings, and application of SMT. Research focusing on the mechanisms of SMT often fails to address the clinical relevance of mechanisms, relies on very short follow-up periods, and has inadequate control for contextual factors. Conclusions This call to action is directed to researchers in the field of SMT. It is critical that the SMT research community act to improve the way research is designed, conducted, and disseminated. We present specific key action points and resources, which should enhance the quality and usefulness of future SMT research.
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- 2024
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14. Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death in relation to COVID-19
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Ahmed, Iqra, primary, Aspinall, Alex, additional, Patel, Roshni S.K., additional, and Merza, Jebrail, additional
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- 2024
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15. List of contributors
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Abraham, Kayal, primary, Abuelgasim, Eyas, additional, Adam, Sana, additional, Adesida, Michael O., additional, Ahluwalia, Arjun, additional, Ahmed, Iqra, additional, Ahmed, Sennia, additional, Ahsan, Nazifa, additional, Alim, Samina, additional, Anam, Zahra, additional, Aspinall, Alex, additional, Bayatpoor, Yasmin, additional, Beg, Summayah, additional, Butt, Sundas, additional, Cavigli, Luna, additional, Chong, Jun Heng, additional, Chow, Vanessa Jane, additional, Darbi, Elmahdi, additional, Duric, Bea, additional, D’Ascenzi, Flavio, additional, Eltalib, Dania M.N., additional, Evbayekha, Endurance, additional, Haddad, François, additional, Hamadah Al-Assam, Hayder Jalil, additional, Harky, Amer, additional, Henry, Brandon M., additional, Kakar, Sahil, additional, Khashkhusha, Arwa, additional, Kurkulos, Manucios Marios, additional, Lavie, Carl J., additional, Leung, Marco Shiu Tsun, additional, Lippi, Giuseppe, additional, Memon, Noorulain, additional, Merza, Jebrail, additional, Mukherjee, Prerona, additional, Obemaier, Thomas, additional, Patel, Roshni S.K., additional, Pérez-Quilis, Carme, additional, Premkumar, Ganeshkumar, additional, Ragazzoni, Gian Luca, additional, Rajasekar, Tharun, additional, Ramesh, Pranav, additional, Rowe, Clarissa, additional, Roy, Sakshi, additional, Saha, Priyanshu, additional, Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian, additional, Sarodaya, Varun, additional, Savarimuthu, Sugeevan, additional, Sean Sarma, Vedantashankar, additional, Shankar, Meera, additional, Sondh, Rajan Singh, additional, Theologou, Thomas, additional, Vankad, Maariyah, additional, and Zhang, Yi, additional
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- 2024
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16. Study protocol for a Randomised controlled trial of EArly transjugular intrahepatiC porTosystemic stent–shunt in Acute Variceal Bleeding (REACT-AVB trial)
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Faisal Khan, Simon Travis, Dhiraj Tripathi, Sue Jowett, Gemma Slinn, Steven Masson, Andrew King, Imran Patanwala, Ameet Dhar, Ruairi Lynch, Adrian Stanley, Hamish Ireland, Peter Hayes, Robert Driver, Laura Harrison, Tom Pembroke, David Patch, Dominic Yu, Janisha Patel, James Maurice, Matthew Armstrong, Joanna Leithead, Matthew J Armstrong, Nicholas Roslund, Mandy Lomax, Homoyon Mehrzad, Richard J Aspinall, Teik Choon See, Fidan Yousuf, Naaventhan Palaniyappan, Elizabeth Brettell, Jeremy Cobbold, Roger McCorry, Emily Lam, Jayshri Shah, Evangelia Fatourou, Edward Britton, Jude Morris, Catherine Moakes, Alisha Maher, Sukhwant Sehmi, Syed Alam, Victoria J Appleby, and Jagadish Nagaraj
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Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Introduction In liver cirrhosis, acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is associated with a 1-year mortality rate of up to 40%. Data on early or pre-emptive transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent–shunt (TIPSS) in AVB is inconclusive and may not reflect current management strategies. Randomised controlled trial of EArly transjugular intrahepatiC porTosystemic stent–shunt in AVB (REACT-AVB) aims to investigate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of early TIPSS in patients with cirrhosis and AVB after initial bleeding control.Methods and analysis REACT-AVB is a multicentre, randomised controlled, open-label, superiority, two-arm, parallel-group trial with an internal pilot. The two interventions allocated randomly 1:1 are early TIPSS within 4 days of diagnostic endoscopy or secondary prophylaxis with endoscopic therapy in combination with non-selective beta blockers. Patients aged ≥18 years with cirrhosis and Child-Pugh Score 7–13 presenting with AVB with endoscopic haemostasis are eligible for inclusion. The primary outcome is transplant-free survival at 1 year post randomisation. Secondary endpoints include transplant-free survival at 6 weeks, rebleeding, serious adverse events, other complications of cirrhosis, Child-Pugh and Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores at 6 and 12 months, health-related quality of life, use of healthcare resources, cost-effectiveness and use of cross-over therapies. The sample size is 294 patients over a 4-year recruitment period, across 30 hospitals in the UK.Ethics and dissemination Research ethics committee of National Health Service has approved REACT-AVB (reference number: 23/WM/0085). The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. A lay summary will also be emailed or posted to participants before publication.Trial registration number ISRCTN85274829; protocol version 3.0, 1 July 2023.
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- 2024
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17. The effect of therapeutic and non-therapeutic interventions on the health trajectory of individuals with cystic fibrosis
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Aspinall, Sean, McNarry, Melitta, and Mackintosh, Kelly
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), resulting in a build-up of viscous mucus and multi-organ dysfunction. Advances in treatment have decreased the burden of CF and increased survival age. However, clinicians and researchers must continue to look for areas that contribute to improved quantity and quality of life for individuals with CF. The aim of this thesis was to explore the effects of nutritional status, aerobic capacity, and modulator therapy on clinical outcomes within CF patients. Study 1 demonstrated the minimal effective dose of exercise needed to elicit change in aerobic capacity. Safety and efficacy of this protocol was evidenced with increases in aerobic capacity akin to that seen in the general population. Study 2 observed the longitudinal effect nutritional status had on pulmonary function. Female pulmonary function evidenced an increased sensitivity to change in body mass index when compared to males. Study 3 evaluated the lived experience of CFTR treatment, highlighting despite clinically relevant benefits, benefits do not come in the absence of negative physical and psychological challenges. Study 4 demonstrated increased incidence of overweight/obesity following implementation of CFTR treatment Introduction of CFTR treatment has rapidly changed the outlook of CF care. As landscape of the disease changes there is a need to adapt to new individual needs in what is a familiar disease with a new face. Whilst diet and exercise represented significant cornerstones of care in the past 30 years, as disease burden decreases, there is a need to view diet and exercise as means of enhancing physical and psychological health, rather than tools to manage the symptoms of the disease. Whilst this thesis is unable to quantify the effect of CFTR therapy on health, the future has never looked brighter for CF patients.
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- 2023
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18. 'You're there to support someone regardless' : a thematic analysis of staff experiences of working in homeless hostels
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Aspinall, Peter, Pawson, Chris, and Hadjiosif, Miltos
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Background: Homeless hostels sit outside of statutory services yet they often support individuals with experience of severe and multiple disadvantages who are not able to access support elsewhere. These experiences can profoundly affect these individuals and can leave them struggling with multiple concurrent issues such as drug and alcohol misuse and mental health difficulties. Hostel staff work with those individuals who have experienced multiple exclusions over a lifetime and can often encounter residents who seem disinterested in support or who are hostile towards staff who offer it. This challenging work is undertaken within the context of increasing pressure on hostels and the care sector more generally. Both of these factors impact how hostel staff view their work and the hostel sector. This complex series of interconnected issues makes providing support in homeless hostels highly challenging. Aims: This qualitative study aims to explore how hostel staff manage these different aspects of their work. How do they build supportive relationships with difficult to reach residents at a time when services are having to work with less. Methods: Qualitative data was collected via six semi-structured interviews conducted over the phone or via Skype with managers and support workers working in homeless hostels in London. The data was then analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Four main themes were identified. The first theme centres on how hostel staff find meaning in their work especially when their role as carer meets with resistance from hostel residents. Theme two considers the ways in which hostel work is impeded by wider systemic issues within the hostel sector. The third theme describes how hostel staff engaged with their work with residents and its attendant challenges. The final theme describes what staff felt was needed to improve hostels and the role that psychological frameworks play. Conclusions: The thesis begins to illuminate some of the challenges that hostel staff encounter from a counselling psychology perspective. This involves a recognition of a central interpersonal dilemma within hostel work that can be fruitfully explored via further research. This dilemma is examined without obscuring the systemic drivers and lack of material resources that are clearly implicated when considering how to deliver ethical and effective care in hostels. Understanding the nature of the relationships between hostel staff and residents is an important part of understanding how to better support staff and improve services.
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- 2023
19. Embodied Transgender Interactions: Exploring Dyadic Interpersonal Coordination and Decision Making in Virtual Reality
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Crone, Cassandra L., Patil, Gaurav, Chamberlin, Grace, Aspinall, Kyle, Richardson, Michael J, and Kallen, Rachel W.
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Psychology ,Decision making ,Embodied Cognition ,Interactive behavior ,Social cognition - Abstract
Social cognition is shaped by cultural and social-psychological contexts. Depending on the social cues displayed, the cognitive processes that emerge during embodied social interactions can vary. This study explored the influence of gender diverse social cues on interpersonal coordination and decision-making during dyadic interaction in virtual reality. Participants embodied either a transgender or cisgender avatar and interacted with a transgender confederate (human-controlled virtual agent). Results suggest that transgender embodied women and men displayed more interpersonal affiliation, via their coordination dynamics with the confederate, after an explicit gender identity disclosure. Additionally, cognitive flexibility for ambiguous decisions was influenced by attributions of responsibility made toward the confederate. However, cisgender embodied men did not substantially change their decision-making behaviours or increase their coordination with the confederate. Viscerally taking on the perspective and appearance of a transgender person, achieved through virtual embodiment and interaction, may support positive interactions between cisgender and transgender communities.
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- 2023
20. Towards Interdependent Safety Security Assessments using Bowties
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Arnaboldi, Luca and Aspinall, David
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security ,Computer Science - Software Engineering - Abstract
We present a way to combine security and safety assessments using Bowtie Diagrams. Bowties model both the causes leading up to a central failure event and consequences which arise from that event, as well as barriers which impede events. Bowties have previously been used separately for security and safety assessments, but we suggest that a unified treatment in a single model can elegantly capture safety-security interdependencies of several kinds. We showcase our approach with the example of the October 2021 Facebook DNS shutdown, examining the chains of events and the interplay between the security and safety barriers which caused the outage.
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- 2022
21. A new ground level neutron monitor for space weather assessment
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Michael D. Aspinall, Tilly L. Alton, Cory L. Binnersley, Steven C. Bradnam, Stephen Croft, Malcolm J. Joyce, Dakalo Mashao, Lee W. Packer, Tony Turner, and James A. Wild
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract We report on a new ground-level neutron monitor design for studying cosmic rays and fluxes of solar energetic particles at the Earth’s surface. The first-of-its-kind instrument, named the NM-2023 after the year it was standardised and following convention, will be installed at a United Kingdom Meteorological Office observatory (expected completion mid 2024) and will reintroduce such monitoring in the UK for the first time since ca. 1984. Monte Carlo radiation transport code is used for the development and application of parameterised models to investigate alternative neutron detectors, their location and bulk material geometry in a realistic cosmic ray neutron field. Benchmarked against a model of the current and most widespread design standardised in 1964 (the NM-64), two main parameterisation studies are conducted; a simplified standard model and a concept slab parameterisation. We show that the NM-64 standard is well optimised for the intended large-diameter boron trifluoride (BF $$_3$$ 3 ) proportional counters but not for multiple smaller diameter counters. The new design (based on a novel slab arrangement) produces comparable counting efficiencies to an NM-64 with six BF $$_3$$ 3 counters and has the added advantage of being more compact, lower cost and avoids the use of highly toxic BF $$_3$$ 3 .
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- 2024
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22. Treatment Patterns, Effectiveness, and Safety of Originator Insulin Glargine versus Insulin Glargine-yfgn within the Veterans Health Administration
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Samantha Walczuk, Francesca E. Cunningham, Xinhua Zhao, Diane Dong, Peter A. Glassman, Donald R. Miller, Deborah Khachikian, Anthony Au, Cedric Salone, Kelly Bryan, Qoua Her, and Sherrie L. Aspinall
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insulin glargine ,biosimilar pharmaceuticals ,drug safety ,Therapeutics. Pharmacology ,RM1-950 ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
We described insulin glargine (originator) and insulin glargine-yfgn (biosimilar) treatment patterns, assessed effectiveness and safety outcomes, and identified reasons for switching back to the originator product from the biosimilar. This retrospective study included 328,463 Veterans 18 years of age and older who received one or more outpatient prescriptions for insulin glargine and/or insulin glargine-yfgn between 1 June 2021 and 31 December 2022. Patients were assigned to subgroups based on the initial prescription during the study period, prevalent versus incident use for originator insulin glargine, and prior versus no prior use of the originator before the biosimilar (i.e., prevalent originator non-switcher (n = 189,734), originator switch to biosimilar (n = 81,010), incident originator non-switcher (n = 49,401), and incident biosimilar (n = 8318)). There were no differences in the outcome of mean HbA1c (7.9% for all subgroups). There were also no differences in the unadjusted rates of hospitalization and/or emergency room visits for hyper- and hypoglycemia between the prevalent originator non-switcher and originator switched to biosimilar subgroups (p = 0.09 and 0.38, respectively) or the incident originator non-switcher and incident biosimilar subgroups (p = 0.054 and 0.61, respectively). Finally, none of the HbA1c or hyperglycemia outcomes adjusted for baseline characteristics were statistically different. Adjusted analyses for rates of hospitalization and/or emergency room visits for hypoglycemia could not be performed due to the low number of events. Overall, patients who received insulin glargine-yfgn had similar effectiveness and safety outcomes as patients who received the originator.
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- 2024
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23. Safety and efficacy of pyronaridine–artesunate paediatric granules in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in children: insights from randomized clinical trials and a real-world study
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Michael Ramharter, Abdoulaye A. Djimde, Isabelle Borghini-Fuhrer, Robert Miller, Jangsik Shin, Adam Aspinall, Naomi Richardson, Martina Wibberg, Lawrence Fleckenstein, Sarah Arbe-Barnes, and Stephan Duparc
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Malaria ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Pyronaridine–artesunate ,Paediatric ,Anti-malarial ,Granule formulation ,Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,RC955-962 ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Children are particularly at risk of malaria. This analysis consolidates the clinical data for pyronaridine–artesunate (PA) paediatric granules in children from three randomized clinical trials and a real-world study (CANTAM). Methods An integrated safety analysis of individual patient data from three randomized clinical trials included patients with microscopically-confirmed Plasmodium falciparum, body weight ≥ 5 kg to
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- 2024
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24. Parties, Patronage and COVID-19 Vaccination Distribution in Indonesia
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SARI, LILA, ASPINALL, EDWARD, HARYANTO, and ARMUNANTO, ANDI ALI
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- 2023
25. A Digital Cognitive-Physical Intervention for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial
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Licong Zhao, Heather Agazzi, Yasong Du, Hongdao Meng, Renya Maku, Ke Li, Peter Aspinall, Cynthia Wilson Garvan, and Shuanfeng Fang
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders among children. Pharmacotherapy has been the primary treatment for ADHD, supplemented by behavioral interventions. Digital and exercise interventions are promising nonpharmacologic approaches for enhancing the physical and psychological health of children with ADHD. However, the combined impact of digital and exercise therapies remains unclear. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine whether BrainFit, a novel digital intervention combining gamified cognitive and exercise training, is efficacious in reducing ADHD symptoms and executive function (EF) among school-aged children with ADHD. MethodsThis 4-week prospective randomized controlled trial included 90 children (6-12 years old) who visited the ADHD outpatient clinic and met the diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The participants were randomized (1:1) to the BrainFit intervention (n=44) or a waitlist control (n=46) between March and August 2022. The intervention consisted of 12 30-minute sessions delivered on an iPad over 4 weeks with 3 sessions per week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday after school) under the supervision of trained staff. The primary outcomes were parent-rated symptoms of attention and hyperactivity assessed according to the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire (SNAP-IV) rating scale and EF skills assessed by the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) scale, evaluated pre and post intervention. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed on 80 children after attrition. A nonparametric resampling-based permutation test was used for hypothesis testing of intervention effects. ResultsAmong the 145 children who met the inclusion criteria, 90 consented and were randomized; ultimately, 80 (88.9%) children completed the study and were included in the analysis. The participants’ average age was 8.4 (SD 1.3) years, including 63 (78.8%) male participants. The most common ADHD subtype was hyperactive/impulsive (54/80, 68%) and 23 (29%) children had severe symptoms. At the endpoint of the study, the BrainFit intervention group had a significantly larger improvement in total ADHD symptoms (SNAP-IV total score) as compared to those in the control group (β=–12.203, 95% CI –17.882 to –6.523; P
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- 2024
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26. Use of a commercial neutron counting module to validate neutron-particle transport code simulation of a new cosmic radiation neutron monitor design
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Aspinall, Michael D., Alton, Tilly L., Binnersley, Cory L., Bradnam, Steve, Croft, Stephen, Joyce, Malcolm J., Mashao, Dakalo, Packer, Lee, Turner, Tony, and Wild, James A.
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- 2024
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27. Quantifying the thermomechanical behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer materials exposed to fire conditions
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Aspinall, Timothy J., Hadden, Rory, and McCarthy, Edward
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carbon fibre reinforced polymer ,CFRP materials ,fire conditions ,load-bearing ,unidirectional carbon fibres ,transient thermomechanical behaviour - Abstract
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) materials are engineered materials consisting of carbon fibres arranged in layers of alternating directions and bonded with a resin matrix. At present, they are the most widely used material in the construction of new aircraft structures and are becoming increasingly popular across other industrial sectors. CFRP materials possess high specific strength and stiffness, excellent resistance to impact, and reduced maintenance costs compared to metallic alloys. However, due to the fire response behaviour of CFRP materials, which includes glass transition, a combustible polymer matrix, fibre oxidation and loss of load-bearing capacity, concerns have been raised with respect to their fire safety. Whilst a significant body of research exists for other common aviation materials, such as aluminium and titanium alloys, it is currently unknown if this knowledge can be applied directly to CFRP materials to help predict their thermomechanical behaviour. This knowledge is unknown because CFRP materials are often utilised differently from traditional aviation materials due to differences arising from the carbon fibre orientation. So far, quantifying the thermomechanical behaviour of CFRP materials has been mainly carried out using uncoupled (or post-fire) approaches, whereby the residual mechanical properties are used to assess the CFRP material's performance during a fire. Because of this, current knowledge of CFRP material's thermomechanical load-bearing behaviour when different fibre orientations are used in the manufacture of the composites during a fire remains poorly understood, with currently unknown implications for its load-bearing behaviour. Five separate experimental studies have therefore been undertaken to investigate and quantify the thermomechanical response of four CFRP materials containing a carbon fibre reinforcement and an epoxy resin matrix. Each CFRP material contains a unique fibre orientation and has been produced solely by the author of this thesis using carbon reinforcement and epoxy resin matrix sourced from different suppliers. The first study has been carried out to identify the main solid-phase thermal response characteristics of the four CFRP materials, neat epoxy resin and carbon fibre, in a kinetically-dominated heating regime. In this study, the glass transition, pyrolysis and oxidation temperatures of the CFRP materials have been quantified using different analysis techniques. The data from this chapter is critical for the following chapters as it identifies the temperatures that result in a loss of mechanical properties. The results from this study show that the solid-phase thermal response reactions of CFRP materials are complex, often consisting of several overlapping and competing physico-chemical processes. The second study investigates the burning behaviour of three CFRP materials in a heat-transfer-dominated heating regime. The motivation for this study is the lack of knowledge on the burning behaviour of CFRP materials containing common fibre orientations when different materials are placed adjacent to their unexposed rear surface boundary. Each CFRP material in this study has undergone cone calorimeter experiments to quantify the influence of fibre orientation and rear surface boundary conditions on the mass (loss) and heat release rate during separate flaming and non-flaming scenarios. The first rear surface boundary condition is a highly conductive aluminium heat sink, whilst the second contains low thermal conductivity ceramic insulation. These two rear surface boundary materials represent actual conditions that occur in aircraft structures where highly conductive and insulation materials are positioned in close proximity to fuel storage areas that have a risk of catching fire. The result from this study shows that CFRP materials exhibit distinct burning behaviours when the fibre orientation and rear surface boundary condition changes. The third study investigates and quantifies the influence of carbon fibre orientation on the post-fire (residual) three-point bending and tensile behaviour of three CFRP materials. In this study, the CFRP materials are first exposed to different thermal intensities using a cone calorimeter chosen to represent critical temperatures required to induce the physico-chemical processes most associated with the loss of mechanical properties in CFRP materials (i.e. glass transition of the epoxy resin, pyrolysis of the epoxy resin and the oxidation of the carbon fibre reinforcement). After this, the CFRP materials are left to cool and then mechanical tested to obtain post-fire mechanical data and compare results. The results of this study show that the post-fire mechanical response of the CFRP materials changes depending on the level of thermal intensity and the carbon fibre orientation. The fourth study presents a state-of-the-art approach for quantifying the thermomechanical bending behaviour of a CFRP material and an opportunity to investigate specific behaviours such as displacement, time-to-failure and failure modes. The motivation of this study is a lack of fundamental knowledge on the mechanical response of a loaded CFRP material as it undergoes heating. The data produced from this study is important to aircraft manufacturers and aerospace and defence contractors who use CFRP materials in hazardous areas of aircraft (adjoining or in close proximity to fuel tanks) or in military applications where a chance of fire is always possible due to munitions fragments during combat operations. Drawing on material flammability, the thermal irradiance is induced using an electric coil heater allowing a systematic evaluation of the material response. By manipulating the applied heat flux, the process causing failure is shown to vary. At low heat fluxes, the failure is elastic and is dominated by a large proportion of the specimen reaching the glass transition temperature. Whereas, at higher heat fluxes, the failure is dominated by the pyrolysis of the epoxy resin at the locally exposed surface, resulting in a more brittle failure. Because the developed apparatus allows the systematic variation of the thermal and mechanical load, it is possible to utilise it to replace conventional uncoupled approaches where residual mechanical properties are often used to assess the performance of materials exposed to thermal loads. The final study describes a series of experiments using the approach described in the fourth study and describes the setup, execution, results, and analysis of thermomechanical experiments performed on the four CFRP materials using a novel 'rig'. The proposed test rig allows the thermomechanical behaviour, relating the mechanical performance degradation with particular surface temperature and temperature gradient inside the CFRP materials to be investigated. The motivation of this study is to understand the mechanical response of loaded CFRP materials containing unique fibre orientations as they undergo heating. Experiments have been performed on specimens produced from four unique CFRP materials to study their behaviour under three-point bending when exposed to different heat fluxes. Failure times, displacement and temperature distribution data are recorded from specimens produced from each unique CFRP material, whilst failure modes and degradation mechanisms have also been investigated using high-definition videography. The data produced in this study has shown that the carbon fibre orientation and heat flux influence the thermomechanical load-bearing response of CFRP laminates. It is generally observed that laminates containing unidirectional [90°] fibres demonstrate the worst overall load-bearing response to thermomechanical loading conditions. In contrast, woven bi-directional [0°, 90°] fibres demonstrate the best. Unidirectional [0°] fibres and unwoven multidirectional [0°, 45°, 90°] fibres present a modest overall load-bearing response to thermomechanical loading conditions. It should also be added that specimen thickness and boundary conditions also govern the thermal response of the CFRP materials, as shown in Chapters 4 and 5. Overall, the contribution to knowledge that the work in this thesis presents are original and have significant potential for engineers and designers to understand the fire safety of CFRP materials in load-bearing applications.
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- 2022
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28. Transmission electron microscopy studies on the recombination states of PhiC31 integrase
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Aspinall, Louie
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615.8 - Published
- 2022
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29. Genetic and developmental mechanisms of hybrid dysfunction in house mice (Mus musculus musculus and M. m. domesticus)
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Aspinall, Paigan, Turner, Leslie, and Wolf, Jason
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Spermatogenesis ,Speciation ,imprinting - Abstract
It is one hundred and sixty-two years on from the first publication of Darwin's 'On the Origin of Species' and the mechanisms through which new species arise are still not fully understood. One of the key steps in the process of speciation is reproductive isolation, and an important reproductive barrier is postzygotic isolation. This occurs when hybrid offspring are less fit or less healthy than the parental species, leaving them unable to compete. Whilst many writings have been dedicated to how postzygotic isolation occurs, there remain many fundamental questions about the mechanisms at play. Here we aim to further our understanding of intrinsic postzygotic isolation mechanisms using the house mouse hybrid zone as a model system. The house mouse (Mus musculus) forms a stable hybrid zone in central Europe, where two subspecies (M. m. domesticus and M. m. musculus) meet and interbreed. This thesis explores the mechanisms that underlie reproductive isolation phenotypes observed in the hybrids of these two subspecies. There is a specific focus on hybrid male sterility, a commonly observed phenotype in the hybrid zone, and imprinting imbalances, an as-yet undocumented mechanism of isolation in this hybrid system. In a genome-wide association study using wild-derived inbred lines, we identify novel regions associated with male fertility phenotypes, as well as further validating previously identified regions. We also observe the progression of spermatogenesis, from the onset of meiosis in a range of mouse strains that represent different states of hybrid fertility and identify key time points at which break down occurs, as well as identifying chromosomal regions likely to harbour hybrid male sterility genes. Finally, we provide the first evidence of a role for imprinting imbalances in the segregation occurring in the house mouse hybrid zone, through the identifying parent-of-origin growth effects in embryos and placentae.
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- 2022
30. Influence of carbon fibre orientation and heat flux on the thermomechanical response of CFRP using small-scale apparatus
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Aspinall, Tim J., Erskine, Emmajane L., Taylor, Derek C., and Hadden, Rory M.
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- 2024
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31. Thyrotoxicosis and thyroiditis
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Yap, Pui San, Ali, Oroog, Truran, Peter, and Aspinall, Sebastian
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- 2024
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32. Nine-Tenths of the Law: Enduring Dispossession in Indonesia
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Aspinall, Edward
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Anthropology/archeology/folklore ,Regional focus/area studies ,Sociology and social work - Abstract
Nine-Tenths of the Law: Enduring Dispossession in Indonesia. By Christian Lund. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2020. xxii+238 pp. This book is excellent on at least two counts. First, it [...]
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- 2023
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33. Presenters at chiropractic research conferences 2010–2019: is there a gender equity problem?
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Aspinall, Sasha L, Nim, Casper Glissmann, Harsted, Steen, Miller, Amy, Øverås, Cecilie K, Roseen, Eric J, Young, James J, Søgaard, Karen, Kawchuk, Greg, and Hartvigsen, Jan
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- 2023
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34. Aso volcano, Japan: assessing the 100-year probability of a new caldera-forming eruption based on expert judgements with Bayes Net and Importance Sampling uncertainty analysis
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Aspinall, Willy, Sparks, R. Stephen J., Hill, Brittain E., Costa, Antonio, Connor, Charles, Inakura, Hirohito, Hasenaka, Toshiaki, Miyoshi, Masaya, Kiyosugi, Koji, Tsuji, Tomohiro, and Ushioda, Masashi
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- 2023
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35. The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy procedures for spine pain: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
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Nim, Casper G., Aspinall, Sasha L., Cook, Chad E., Corrêa, Leticia A., Donaldson, Megan, Downie, Aron S., Harsted, Steen, Hartvigsen, Jan, Jenkins, Hazel J., McNaughton, David, Nyirö, Luana, Perle, Stephen M., Roseen, Eric J., Young, James J., Young, Anika, Zhao, Gong-He, and Juhl, Carsten B.
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- 2023
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36. Critical shortfalls in the management of PBC: Results of a UK-wide, population-based evaluation of care delivery
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Nadir Abbas, Rachel Smith, Steven Flack, Vikram Bains, Richard J. Aspinall, Rebecca L. Jones, Laura Burke, Douglas Thorburn, Michael Heneghan, Andrew Yeoman, Joanna Leithead, Conor Braniff, Andrew Robertson, Chris Mitchell, Collette Thain, Robert Mitchell-Thain, David Jones, Palak J. Trivedi, George F. Mells, and Laith Alrubaiy
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Adherence ,Autoimmune liver disease ,Bezafibrate ,Fenofibrate ,Guideline ,Liver transplantation ,Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology ,RC799-869 - Abstract
Background & Aims: Guidelines for the management of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) were published by the British Society of Gastroenterology in 2018. In this study, we assessed adherence to these guidelines in the UK National Health Service (NHS). Methods: All NHS acute trusts were invited to contribute data between 1 January 2021 and 31 March 2022, assessing clinical care delivered to patients with PBC in the UK. Results: We obtained data for 8,968 patients with PBC and identified substantial gaps in care across all guideline domains. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used as first-line treatment in 88% of patients (n = 7,864) but was under-dosed in one-third (n = 1,964). Twenty percent of patients who were UDCA-untreated (202/998) and 50% of patients with inadequate UDCA response (1,074/2,102) received second-line treatment. More than one-third of patients were not assessed for fatigue (43%; n = 3,885) or pruritus (38%; n = 3,415) in the previous 2 years. Fifty percent of all patients with evidence of hepatic decompensation were discussed with a liver transplant centre (222/443). Appropriate use of second-line treatment and referral for liver transplantation was significantly better in specialist PBC treatment centres compared with non-specialist centres (p
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- 2024
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37. Tactics for Account Access Graphs.
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Luca Arnaboldi 0001, David Aspinall 0001, Christina Kolb, and Sasa Radomirovic
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- 2023
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38. Counting and Imaging in Nuclear Medicine
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Mathews-Aspinall, Christopher, Lawson, Richard, Tolofari, Sotonye, editor, Moon, Dora, editor, Starmer, Benjamin, editor, and Payne, Steve, editor
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- 2023
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39. Presenters at chiropractic research conferences 2010–2019: is there a gender equity problem?
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Sasha L Aspinall, Casper Glissmann Nim, Steen Harsted, Amy Miller, Cecilie K Øverås, Eric J Roseen, James J Young, Karen Søgaard, Greg Kawchuk, and Jan Hartvigsen
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Chiropractic ,Academia ,Gender ,Diversity ,Disparity ,Equity ,RZ201-275 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Presenting at professional and scientific conferences can be an important part of an individual’s career advancement, especially for researchers communicating scientific findings, and can signal expertise and leadership. Generally, women presenting at conferences are underrepresented in various science disciplines. We aimed to evaluate the gender of presenters at research-oriented chiropractic conferences from 2010 to 2019. Methods We investigated the gender of presenters at conferences hosted by chiropractic organisations from 2010 to 2019 that utilised an abstract submission process. Gender classification was performed by two independent reviewers. The gender distribution of presenters over the ten-year period was analysed with linear regression. The association of conference factors with the gender distribution of presenters was also assessed with linear regression, including the gender of organising committees and abstract peer reviewers, and the geographic region where the conference was hosted. Results From 39 conferences, we identified 4,340 unique presentations. Women gave 1,528 (35%) of the presentations. No presenters were classified as gender diverse. Overall, the proportion of women presenters was 30% in 2010 and 42% in 2019, with linear regression demonstrating a 1% increase in women presenting per year (95% CI = 0.4–1.6%). Invited/keynote speakers had the lowest proportion of women (21%) and the most stagnant trajectory over time. The gender of conference organisers and abstract peer reviewers were not significantly associated with the gender of presenters. Oceanic conferences had a lower proportion of women presenting compared to North America (27% vs. 36%). Conclusions Overall, women gave approximately one-third of presentations at the included conferences, which gradually increased from 2010 to 2019. However, the disparity widens for the most prestigious class of keynote/invited presenters. We make several recommendations to support the goal of gender equity, including monitoring and reporting on gender diversity at future conferences.
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- 2023
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40. Aso volcano, Japan: assessing the 100-year probability of a new caldera-forming eruption based on expert judgements with Bayes Net and Importance Sampling uncertainty analysis
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Willy Aspinall, R. Stephen J. Sparks, Brittain E. Hill, Antonio Costa, Charles Connor, Hirohito Inakura, Toshiaki Hasenaka, Masaya Miyoshi, Koji Kiyosugi, Tomohiro Tsuji, and Masashi Ushioda
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Aso volcano ,Japan ,Probabilistic volcanic hazard assessment ,Super-eruption probability ,100-year forecast ,Expert elicitation ,Environmental protection ,TD169-171.8 ,Disasters and engineering ,TA495 - Abstract
Abstract The Aso-4 explosive eruption on Kyushu, Japan, 89,500 years ago was one of the biggest eruptions in the last one hundred millennia, with a magnitude of approximately M8. Modern society requires the likelihood of natural events with potentially disastrous consequences to be evaluated, even if probabilities of occurrence are diminishingly small. For some situations, it is not satisfactory to assert an event scenario probability is “negligible” or can be “ignored”. Judicial hearings or litigation may require risk levels to be quantified, in which case, statements of scientific confidence could be decisive. Internationally, e.g., for nuclear site safety evaluations, event likelihoods on order of 10–7/year are often considered for quantitative assessment. At such hazard levels, this might include evaluating the proposition that a particular volcano can deliver a future super-eruption, a supposition that could be attached to Aso volcano. But, simplistically taking the average recurrence interval between past caldera-forming eruptions at a given volcano is an unreliable guide to the likelihood of a future repeat: each past event represented a unique set of tectonic and magmatic conditions within a continually evolving volcanic system. Such processes are not temporally stationary nor statistically uniform. To evaluate the probability of a new M8 event at Aso, within the next 100 years, we performed a comprehensive stochastic probability uncertainty analysis using a model implemented with advanced computational Bayes Net (BN) software. Our eruption process model is informed by multiple strands of evidence from volcanology, petrology, geochemistry and geophysics, together with estimates of epistemic (knowledge) uncertainty, adduced from reviews of published data, modelling and from expert judgement elicitation. Several lines of evidence characterise the likely structure, magmatic composition and eruptive state of the present-day Aso volcano, which has had numerous smaller eruptions since Aso-4. To calculate the probability of another M8 eruption of Aso, we implemented probabilistic ‘Importance Sampling’ in our model. With this approach, we find the chance of an Aso-4 scale eruption (characterised by mean volume 500 km3 DRE and approximate 90% credible interval [210 ‥ 1200] km3 DRE) is less than 1–in–1 billion in the next 100 years (i.e.,
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- 2023
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41. Does Surgeon Volume Impact Morbidity Following Parathyroidectomy? A Study of 16,140 Parathyroidectomies from the UK Registry of Endocrine and Thyroid Surgery (UKRETS) Database
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Rajan, Sendhil, Gracie, Dale, and Aspinall, Sebastian
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- 2023
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42. Prospective Back Pain Trajectories or Retrospective Recall—Which Tells Us Most About the Patient?
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Nim, Casper, Downie, Aron S., Kongsted, Alice, Aspinall, Sasha L., Harsted, Steen, Nyirö, Luana, and Vach, Werner
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- 2024
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43. TEM Classification of Aortic Dissection—The Evolving Scoring System: A Literature Review
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Ramesh, Pranav, Al-Zubaidi, Fadi Ibrahim, Abdelghaffar, Mariam, Babiker, Samar, Aspinall, Alexandra, Butt, Sundas, Sabry, Haytham, Zeinah, Mohamed, and Harky, Amer
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- 2024
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44. Critical shortfalls in the management of PBC: Results of a UK-wide, population-based evaluation of care delivery
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Abbas, Nadir, Smith, Rachel, Flack, Steven, Bains, Vikram, Aspinall, Richard J., Jones, Rebecca L., Burke, Laura, Thorburn, Douglas, Heneghan, Michael, Yeoman, Andrew, Leithead, Joanna, Braniff, Conor, Robertson, Andrew, Mitchell, Chris, Thain, Collette, Mitchell-Thain, Robert, Jones, David, Trivedi, Palak J., Mells, George F., and Alrubaiy, Laith
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- 2024
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45. Evaluation of Segmentation, Rotation, and Geographic Delivery Approaches for Deployment of Multiple First-Line Treatment (MFT) to Respond to Antimalarial Drug Resistance in Africa: A Qualitative Study in Seven Sub-Sahara Countries
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Celine Audibert, Adam Aspinall, Andre-Marie Tchouatieu, and Pierre Hugo
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uncomplicated malaria ,malaria drug resistance ,multiple first-line treatment ,sub-Saharan Africa ,qualitative survey ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Several studies recently confirmed the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs in sub-Saharan Africa. Multiple first-line treatment (MFT) is one of the measures envisaged to respond to the emergence and spread of this resistance. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived advantages and disadvantages of several MFT deployment strategies and to better understand potential implementation drivers and barriers. Methods: A qualitative survey was conducted in seven sub-Saharan countries amongst key opinion leaders, national decision makers, and end users. A total of 200 individual interviews were conducted and findings were analyzed following a thematic inductive approach. Results: From a policy perspective, the new MFT intervention would require endorsement at the global, national, and regional levels to ensure its inclusion in guidelines. Funding of the MFT intervention could be a bottleneck due to costs associated with additional training of healthcare workers, adaptation of drug delivery mechanisms, and higher costs of drugs. Concerning the MFT deployment strategies, a slight preference for the segmentation strategy was expressed over the rotation and geographic approaches, due to the perception that a segmentation approach is already in place at country level. Conclusions: The findings highlighted the need for a collective approach to MFT deployment through the engagement of stakeholders at all levels of malaria management.
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- 2024
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46. Traffic Generation using Containerization for Machine Learning
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Clausen, Henry, Flood, Robert, and Aspinall, David
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Computer Science - Cryptography and Security - Abstract
The design and evaluation of data-driven network intrusion detection methods are currently held back by a lack of adequate data, both in terms of benign and attack traffic. Existing datasets are mostly gathered in isolated lab environments containing virtual machines, to both offer more control over the computer interactions and prevent any malicious code from escaping. This procedure however leads to datasets that lack four core properties: heterogeneity, ground truth traffic labels, large data size, and contemporary content. Here, we present a novel data generation framework based on Docker containers that addresses these problems systematically. For this, we arrange suitable containers into relevant traffic communication scenarios and subscenarios, which are subject to appropriate input randomization as well as WAN emulation. By relying on process isolation through containerization, we can match traffic events with individual processes, and achieve scalability and modularity of individual traffic scenarios. We perform two experiments to assess the reproducability and traffic properties of our framework, and demonstrate the usefulness of our framework on a traffic classification example., Comment: This work was presented at the ACSAC DYNAMICS '19: DYnamic and Novel Advances in Machine Learning and Intelligent Cyber Security Workshop in December 09-10, 2019, San Juan, PR, and will be published in the corresponding workshop proceedings. This document version is specifically for publication on arXiv. 12 pages, 7 figures
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- 2020
47. Anticipated impacts of Brexit scenarios on UK food prices and implications for policies on poverty and health: a structured expert judgement update
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Barons, Martine J and Aspinall, Willy
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Economics - General Economics - Abstract
Food insecurity is associated with increased risk for several health conditions and with increased national burden of chronic disease. Key determinants for household food insecurity are income and food costs. Forecasts show household disposable income for 2020 expected to fall and for 2021 to rise only slightly. Prices are forecast to rise. Thus, future increased food prices would be a significant driver of greater food insecurity. Structured expert judgement elicitation, a well-established method for quantifying uncertainty, using experts. In July 2020, each expert estimated the median, 5th percentile and 95th percentile quantiles of changes in price to April 2022 for ten food categories under three end-2020 settlement Brexit scenarios: A: full WTO terms; B: a moderately disruptive trade agreement (better than WTO); C: a minimally disruptive trade agreement. When combined in proportions for calculate Consumer Prices Index food basket costs, the median food price change under full WTO terms is expected to be +17.9% [90% credible interval:+5.2%, +35.1%]; with moderately disruptive trade agreement: +13.2% [+2.6%, +26.4%] and with a minimally disruptive trade agreement +9.3% [+0.8%, +21.9%]. The number of households experiencing food insecurity and its severity are likely to increase because of expected sizeable increases in median food prices in the months after Brexit, whereas low income group spending on food is unlikely to increase, and may be further eroded by other factors not considered here (e.g. COVID-19). Higher increases are more likely than lower rises and towards the upper limits, these would entail severe impacts. Research showing a low food budget leads to increasingly poor diet suggests that demand for health services in both the short and longer term is likely to increase due to the effects of food insecurity on the incidence and management of diet-sensitive conditions., Comment: 6 pages one table
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- 2020
48. Making Real Options Valuation a Real Option
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Aspinall, Thomas, Meyer, Benjamin, and Southam, Colette
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Valuation ,Company pricing policy ,Business, general ,Business ,Business, international - Abstract
When it comes to valuing projects in highly uncertain business environments, real options valuation (ROV) isn't popular as a management tool despite having long been touted as a best practice [...]
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- 2023
49. A call for better research and resources for understanding and combatting youth loneliness: integrating the perspectives of young people and researchers
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Alam, Iqra, Khayri, Ezekiel, Podger, Tabitha A. B., Aspinall, Caitlin, Fuhrmann, Delia, and Lau, Jennifer Y. F.
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- 2023
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50. The effectiveness of spinal manipulative therapy procedures for spine pain: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis
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Casper G. Nim, Sasha L. Aspinall, Chad E. Cook, Leticia A. Corrêa, Megan Donaldson, Aron S. Downie, Steen Harsted, Jan Hartvigsen, Hazel J. Jenkins, David McNaughton, Luana Nyirö, Stephen M. Perle, Eric J. Roseen, James J. Young, Anika Young, Gong-He Zhao, and Carsten B. Juhl
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Chiropractic ,RZ201-275 ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Background Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is a guideline-recommended treatment option for spinal pain. The recommendation is based on multiple systematic reviews. However, these reviews fail to consider that clinical effects may depend on SMT “application procedures” (i.e., how and where SMT is applied). Using network meta-analyses, we aim to investigate which SMT “application procedures” have the greatest magnitude of clinical effectiveness for reducing pain and disability, for any spinal complaint, at short-term and long-term follow-up. We will compare application procedural parameters by classifying the thrust application technique and the application site (patient positioning, assisted, vertebral target, region target, Technique name, forces, and vectors, application site selection approach and rationale) against: 1. Waiting list/no treatment; 2. Sham interventions not resembling SMT (e.g., detuned ultrasound); 3. Sham interventions resembling SMT; 4. Other therapies not recommended in clinical practice guidelines; and 5. Other therapies recommended in clinical practice guidelines. Secondly, we will examine how contextual elements, including procedural fidelity (whether the SMT was delivered as planned) and clinical applicability (whether the SMT is similar to clinical practice) of the SMT. Methods We will include randomized controlled trials (RCT) found through three search strategies, (i) exploratory, (ii) systematic, and (iii) other known sources. We define SMT as a high-velocity low-amplitude thrust or grade V mobilization. Eligibility is any RCT assessing SMT against any other type of SMT, any other active or sham intervention, or no treatment control on adult patients with pain in any spinal region. The RCTs must report on continuous pain intensity and/or disability outcomes. Two authors will independently review title and abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction. Spinal manipulative therapy techniques will be classified according to the technique application and choice of application sites. We will conduct a network-meta analysis using a frequentist approach and multiple subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Discussion This will be the most extensive review of thrust SMT to date, and will allow us to estimate the importance of different SMT application procedures used in clinical practice and taught across educational settings. Thus, the results are applicable to clinical practice, educational settings, and research studies. PROSPERO registration: CRD42022375836.
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- 2023
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