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Objective: The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to assess factors associated with peri‐implant disease in partially edentulous patients with a history of severe periodontitis or no history of periodontitis. Methods: Partially edentulous patients with a history of severe periodontitis/without history of periodontitis who received implant surgery within the past 6 to 8 years were recalled. Clinical and radiographic examinations were recorded. Periodontal probing depth, marginal bone loss (MBL) and peri‐implantitis were considered as the primary outcome and peri‐implant bleeding on probing (BOP) was considered as the secondary outcome. The following criteria were considered as the predictors, as well: history of severe periodontitis, gender, age, smoking, brushing frequency, recall interval, full‐mouth plaque score, full‐mouth bleeding score, splinted prosthesis, open/tight interproximal contact, width of keratinized mucosa, mucosal thickness, implants placed in the grafted bone and implant type. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were utilized. Results: A total of 88 patients (186 implants) fulfilled the study. Forty‐seven patients (108 implants) had a history of severe periodontitis and 41 patients (78 implants) had no history of periodontitis. There was a higher chance of peri‐implantitis in patients with a history of severe periodontitis (OR = 11.13; p = 0.045), implants with lack of peri‐implant KM (<2 mm) and implants placed in the grafted bone (OR = 14.94, p < 0.001; OR = 4.93, p = 0.047). The risk of peri‐implant MBL ≥3 mm was higher in patients with greater FMBS (OR = 1.20; p < 0.001). The chance of peri‐implant BOP was independently higher in patients who brushed their teeth at most once per day (OR = 3.20; p = 0.04), higher FMBS (OR = 1.16; p < 0.001) and irregular recall visits (OR = 15.34; p = 0.001). Conclusions: Partially edentulous patients with the history of severe periodontitis, lack of peri‐implant KM and implants placed in bone‐grafted sites expressed higher probability of peri‐implantitis. In addition, inadequate frequency of brushing (at most once daily) and irregular recall visits were associated with greater chance of peri‐implant BOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Nd:YAG laser-assisted periodontal therapy for management of patients with stage II-IV periodontitis.Methods: Patients who presented with residual periodontal pockets were enrolled. After non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), test sites received Nd:YAG laser (first entrance to pocket: 3 W, 100 μs, 20 Hz; second entrance: 4 W, 600 μs, 20 Hz) and control sites received placebo (laser off). Periodontal probing depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), gingival recession (GR), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index (PI) were recorded at baseline and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6-month visits.Results: Twenty patients completed the 6-month period. Significant reductions in PPD, CAL, BOP, and PI values and a significant increase in GR at all follow-up visits compared to the baseline (all P < 0.001) were revealed in both groups. Test sites showed significantly greater improvement in PPD (P = 0.0002) and greater increase in GR (P < 0.0001) compared to the control sites at 6-month visit. There was no difference between two groups regarding CAL gain through the study period (P = 0.23).Conclusion: NSPT+Nd:YAG laser with the current protocol results in greater PPD reduction compared to NSPT alone. However, this reduction is likely because of greater GR rather than attachment gain. Therefore, the adjunction of Nd:YAG laser (with the current setting) to the NSPT for the treatment of residual periodontal pockets did not ameliorate the clinical outcomes (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03365167). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the neurocompatibility of different types of dental implant surface treatments using the P19 neural cell line. Materials and Methods: P19 cells were plated and supplemented with retinoic acid to grow as aggregates for 4 days. Twenty dental implants were selected from four different implant systems with five different surface treatments. The implants were divided into four groups (n = 5), placed inside medical rings, and fixed by injection of warm gutta-percha using a thermoplastic injection technique. Implant molds were placed inside graded culture dishes, and culture medium containing P19 neural cells were plated on the dishes for 4 days. After 24 hours, the surfaces of the implant molds were covered with self-curing resin to make a replica of each mold surface. Replicas were assessed under a scanning electron microscope, and the number of cells and the total cells covering the areas were evaluated. Data were analyzed by a post hoc Tukey test. Results: There were significant differences in P19 cell counts between all modified and electropolished surfaces. The highest P19 cell counts were shown on OsseoSpeed and Laser-Lok surfaces. The lowest counts were shown on the Nanotite surface at the collar. OsseoSpeed and Laser-Lok surfaces showed higher counts at the collar than on the body; the opposite was seen for SLActive and Nanotite surfaces. Cell-covered areas on Laser-Lok surfaces showed significantly higher values than the resorbable blasted media (RBM)-treated surfaces, while it was not significantly different from the OsseoSpeed surface of collar regions. SLActive collar regions showed larger cell-covered areas than the SLActive body surfaces, but this was not significant. Conclusion: All test surface treatments in this study showed better neurocompatibility than control group surfaces. The Laser-Lok, RBM, and OsseoSpeed surfaces were superior to the Nanotite and SLActive surfaces in terms of neurocompatibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The final step in oral surgeries, proper positioning of the soft tissue, is considered as a major determinant of the clinical outcome. Different suturing anchors suffer fundamental flaws when they are supposed to guarantee the adequate flap fixation. This study aimed at proposing "screw assistant soft tissue stabilization" (SASS) as an alternative method for the conventional suturing techniques. Materials and Methods: A total of seven teeth in six healthy patients underwent surgical crown-lengthening by apically positioned flap technique. Surgical miniscrews were utilized for flap stabilization instead of periosteal sutures that are conventionally designed for soft tissue apical positioning. The widths of keratinized gingiva (KG) and the distance between gingival margin and cemento-enamel junction (GM-CEJ) were measured at baseline and 3 months after surgery. Results: All areas healed uneventfully. A significant increase in GM-CEJ distance without a significant change in the widths of KG was observed. Conclusion: The SASS technique seems to be able to fixate the flaps predictably and efficiently in lateral, apical, or coronal directions. In comparison, with traditional suturing techniques, it donates more comfort to both surgeons and patients. The advantages are of paramount importance in areas with limited surgical access and loose alveolar mucosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to compare the levels of high-mobility group box 1(HMGB1) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (sTREM1) in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This cross-sectional cohort trial investigated two groups of 22 eligible chronic periodontitis and 22 periodontally healthy individuals (student volunteers) both before and after the periodontal treatment.  GCF was collected from the deepest pockets with clinical attachment loss≥3 mm. Both groups received oral hygiene instructions, and scaling and root planning were performed in the test group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of HMGB1 and sTREM1 in GCF samples collected before and 1 month after non-surgical periodontal treatment. The results showed that HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in the chronic periodontitis patients than those of the healthy individuals before treatment (p<0.02) and decreased significantly after periodontal treatment, which reduced gingival inflammation. Furthermore, the levels of sTREM1 marker were significantly higher in periodontitis patients before (p<0.001) and 1 month after treatment than in healthy individuals (p<0.003) although its crevicular levels decreased after periodontal therapy in periodontitis group. The higher levels of sTREM1 and HMGB1 cytokines in GCF of periodontitis patients and the significant decrease after the introduction of the periodontal treatment underlines the importance of HMGB1 and sTREM1 in pathogenesis of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Host modulation therapy is recently employed to improve periodontal treatments outcome. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of Semelil (ANGIPARS) as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment in patients with chronic periodontitis. Forty-four healthy subjects with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in the study. After completion of phase I periodontal therapy, including oral hygiene instruction, scaling, and root planing, the patients were randomly divided into two groups to receive capsules of Semelil (test) or placebo (control), consuming two capsules a day for three months. Clinical parameters (probing depth [PD], clinical attachment level [CAL], modified sulcular bleeding index [MSBI], modified gingival index [MGI], and plaque index [PI]) and biochemical parameters (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine [8-OHdG]), and lipid peroxidation [LPO]) were measured at baseline and after completion of treatment. Twenty-five patients completed the study: 15 in the test group and 10 in the control group. All clinical and biochemical parameters were significantly improved from baseline to the final measurements in both groups ( p < 0.001). The changes were more pronounced in the test group in comparison to the control group. However, the differences between the groups were significant only for MGI, MSBI, PD, and CAL ( p < 0.05). Semelil may reveal promising results as an adjunctive treatment for chronic periodontitis.

Objectives: Following tooth extraction, soft and hard tissue alterations occur; Different factors can affect this process. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of gap filling on buccal alveolar crestal bone level after immediate implant placement after 4- to 6-month observation period., Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 20 patients (mean age of 38.8 years) requiring tooth extraction in a total of 27 areas in the anterior maxilla. The treatment strategy was as follows: atraumatic flapless tooth extraction, implant placement, insertion of a graft (test group) or no material (control group) between the implant and the socket wall, connection healing abutment placement and suturing the area. Clinical and cone beam computed tomographic examinations were performed before implant placement (baseline), 24 hours after surgery and 4-6 months (T2) after implant placement, to assess the buccal plate height (BH) and implant complications., Results: After 4 months of healing, a reduction in different bone measurements was noticed in the two groups. No statistically significant differences were assessed in bone height measurements between the test and control groups at different time points. The study demonstrated that immediate implantation resulted in 1.30 and 1.66 mm reduction in buccal bone plate in the test and control groups, respectively., Conclusions: The study demonstrated that immediate implantation in the extraction socket together with xenograft failed to prevent bone resorption.