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To manage Earth in the Anthropocene, new tools, new institutions, and new forms of international cooperation will be required. Earth Virtualization Engines is proposed as an international federation of centers of excellence to empower all people to respond to the immense and urgent challenges posed by climate change.

The increase in the world population and the migration of people from rural to urban areas causes an increase in artificial surfaces and causes many negative effects on the ecosystem, regional climate variations and global diversity. Nowadays, as the effects of climate change are felt more and more, it has gained importance in researches on this subject. Therefore, the estimation of the change in the vegetation density for the coming years and the determination of the land use / land cover (LULC) change in cities are very essential for urban planning. In this study, the effects of regional urbanization on vegetation are examined by using satellite data and atmospheric variables. In the vegetation analysis, multi-time index values obtained from TERRA-MODIS satellite, EVI (Enhanced Vegetation Index) and LST (Land Surface Temperature) were taken into account between the years of 2005 and 2018 in Alanya, Turkey. Temperature and precipitation were selected as the atmospheric variables and expected variations in EVI value until 2030 were estimated. In the study employed a wavelet-transformed artificial neural network (WANN) model to generate long-term (12-year) EVI forecasts using LST, temperature and precipitation. The relationship between land use / land cover and urbanization is investigated with NDBI (Normalized Difference Built-up Index) data obtained from the Landsat 8 OLI / TIRS satellite sensor. The simulation results show that The EVI value, which was 0.30 in 2018, will decrease to 0.25 in 2030.

In the context of highly uneven regional development, subnational and federal governments are facing an extremely important task of elaborating and implementing the strategy for development of Russia’s constituent entities. In this regard the research on financial self-sufficiency of regions as a driver of resource security of strategic development becomes an urgent issue. The goals of our study include building a typology of regions according to the level of financial self-sufficiency and identifying strategizing features for individual groups of regions. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis and panel data analysis are used to achieve the goals. In order to build sustainable groups, we form a system of 18 indicators of financial self-sufficiency of regions; we carry out cluster analysis on its basis; after that, we identify three groups of regions: leaders, average performers, and outsiders. This classification of regions can be considered stable, since the composition of the groups has not changed over time. We carry out the principal component analysis using our set of indicators of financial self-sufficiency and identify three generalizing factors that characterize the budgetary security of the regions, the potential of regional and municipal taxes, and the tax burden on the economy. We carry out modeling with the use of panel regression and analyze the influence of each factor on financial self-sufficiency in each group of regions. The resulting classification has significant scientific prospects regarding the formation of a general strategizing methodology for regions with different levels of financial self-sufficiency. The strategic classification can be used by regional authorities to form regional and sectoral development strategies

UV Psc has been observed since 1976 at the Ankara and Ege University Observatories. Mean light curves in B and V colours obtained using the maxima levels of observed light curves of the system. Assuming this light curves as the least active onesj the orbital parameters of the system have been obtained using the Wilson- Devinney code. The radial velocity curves of both components have been used during the solution. Wave-like distortion curves for each year have been obtained subtracting the theoretical light curves from the observed ones. Using these curves, the spot parameters have been roughly determined and finally spotted light curve solutions and the accurate spot parameters have been obtained. Activity and colour behaviour were examined.

The rezults of the novalike variable V603 Aql photometric observations performed by Russian-Turkish telescope RTT150 during 11 nights of 2001 - 2002 are presented. It is shown the star was in the state with ”positive” superhumps and photometric period 0.d144 - 0.d145 was longer than orbital one. The conclusion that disc precession period depends on the accretion rate has been made. It is found that V603 Aql in the state with ”negative” superhumps is brighter by 0.m2 - 0.m3 than in the state with ”positive” superhumps. It is suggested that transition between these states is also caused by accretion rate changing. Quasiperiodic oscillations (QPO) of the brightness with typical periods 9 - 70 min are found for the each night.

In this study, wavelet transforms and FFT methods, which transform method is better for spectral analysis of the brain signals are investigated. Statistical and Fourier methods are traditional techniques and tools to analyze time series signals in general, including biomedical data. In this paper as spectral analysis tools, wavelet transform and harmonic transform are used. Both transform methods are applied to electroencephalogram (EEG) of a possibly epilepsy patient and are compared. For this purpose in the harmonic transform case, the variations of first-sixth-order harmonic amplitudes and phases provide a useful tool of understanding the large- and local-scale effects on the parameters. Moreover, temporal and frequency variations of variables are also detected by wavelet transforms. The results of this study are compared with previous studies. The comparison of results show that the wavelet transform method has more advantage in detecting brain diseases.

Our prior studies indicated that statistical and wavelet analyses of perfectionism inventories were evaluated by SPSS and Wavelet packets. The main aim of the present study is to investigate different scale affects on perfectionism. We proposed that changes of low-frequency Meyer wavelets reflect students' perfectionism levels. We used Wavelet 1D and continuous 1D Wavelet analyses to measure their time dependence. We studied students' questionnaires. Multi-resolution analysis was obtained from continuous and discrete data as a function of cases at different scales. Large scale effects are assumed to play an important role on students with higher others-oriented perfectionism and adaptive perfectionism. Continuous wavelet 1D (Mexh) analyses show the similar results and, large scale effects play an important role on students' behavior. In contrast, lower scale effects are assumed to play an important role on students with adaptive perfectionism and self-directed perfectionism

This paper provides a case study on application of wavelet techniques to analyze wind speed and energy (renewable and environmental friendly energy). Solar and wind are main sources of energy that allows farmers to have the potential for transferring kinetic energy captured by the wind mill for pumping water, drying crops, heating systems of green houses, rural electrification's or cooking. Larger wind turbines (over 1 MW) can pump enough water for small-scale irrigation. This study tried to initiate data gathering process for wavelet analyses, different scale effects and their role on wind speed and direction variations. The wind data gathering system is mounted at latitudes: 37° 50" N; longitude 30° 33" E and height: 1200 m above mean sea level at a hill near Süleyman Demirel University campus. 10 minutes average values of two levels wind speed and direction (10m and 30m above ground level) have been recorded by a data logger between July 2001 and February 2002. Wind speed values changed between the range of 0 m/s and 54 m/s. Annual mean speed value is 4.5 m/s at 10 m ground level. Prevalent wind

The B, V and R light curves of well-known close binary W UMa were obtained at the newly constructed TÜBITAK Turkish National Observatory which located approximately 50 kilometers north of Antalya city. 40 cm telescope donated by Utrecht University was used during the observations. Comparison and check star’s observations versus air mass and Check minus Comparison values are presented.

This work describes some research results based on the photometric studies on Russian-Turkish telescope during last five years. During 2004-2006 observations of minor planets were carried out within the international collaboration between Kazan State University, TUBITAK National Observatory and Nikolaev Astronomical Observatory for studying the physical parameters and kinematics of asteroids. As a result the photometric characteristics of these objects have been obtained; the lightcurves frequently demonstrating changes of brightness of these objects caused by their rotation around an axis are constructed. The variability periods and amplitudes for asteroids (762) Pulcova, 2000PN9, (6006) Anaximandros have been found.

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze some characteristics of gravity waves (GWs), and seasonal variations of atmospheric waves over Istanbul by using wavelet techniques. Daily radiosonda data of Istanbul in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (1000hPa-30hPa) between 1993 and 1997 have been considered. Wavelet analysis based on a computer simulation of data is generally close to the real data when Daubechies wavelet series are used. Daily, monthly, seasonal and annual variations of pressure heights, air temperature and deviations from mean values have been analyzed. Variations show the effects of gravity waves for different pressure levels in the troposphere. These waves lead to the meso-scale wave-form structures in spring, autumn and winter. As a result of this study, wavelet series and transforms for data construction, definition of some discontinuities and the local effects on the signal have been compared with the results of previous studies. The most similar structure between temperature, turbulence parameters and geo-potential height deviations has been defined at the 500-hPa pressure level.

Metallicities and distances have been determined from Vilnius photometry for an in situ sample of nearly 650 stars in eight proper-motion fields at high Galactic latitudes. For half of these stars, radial velocities have been measured with the CORAVEL spectrometer, which allowed us to derive spatial velocities and Galactic orbits. In this contribution we present a status report on our results for the stellar content of the Galactic disk, with emphasis given to specific aspects of distinguishing the thick-disk stars from the old thin-disk population.

The purpose of this study is to establish a relation between observed total precipitation values and estimations from a one-dimensional diagnostic cloud model. Total precipitation values estimated from maximum liquid water content, maximum vertical velocity, cloud top height, and temperature excess are also used to provide an equation for the total precipitation prediction. Data for this study were collected in Istanbul during the autumns of 1987 and 1988. The statistical models are developed with multiple regression technique and then comparatively verified with independent data for 1990. The multiple regression coefficients are in the range of 75% to 80% in the statistical models. Results of the test showed that total precipitation values estimated from the above techniques are in good agreement, with correlation coefficient between 40% and 46% based on test data for 1990.

This paper discusses the preliminary results of a study on the vegetation pattern and its relationship with meteorological parameters in and around Istanbul. The study covers an area of over 6800 km2 consisting of urban and suburban centers, and uses the visible and near-infrared bands of Landsat. The spatial variation of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and meteorological parameters such as sensible heat flux, momentum flux, relative humidity, moist static energy, rainfall rate and temperature have been investigated based on observations in ten stations in the European (Thracian) and Anatolian parts of Istanbul. NDVI values have been evaluated from the Landsat data for a single day, viz. 24 October 1986, using ERDAS in ten different classes. The simultaneous spatial variations of sensible heat and momentum fluxes have been computed from the wind and temperature profiles using the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory. The static energy variations are based on the surface meteorological observations. There is very good correlation between NDVI and rainfall rate. Good correlation also exists between: NDVI and relative humidity; NDVI, sensible heat flux and relative humidity; NDVI, momentum flux and emissivity; and NDVI, sensible heat flux and emissivity. The study suggests that the momentum flux has only marginal impact on NDVI. Due to rapid urbanization,the coastal belt is characterized by reduced NDVI compared to the interior areas, suggesting that thermodynamic discontinuities considerably influence the vegetation pattern. This study is useful for the investigation of small-scale circulation models, especially in urban and suburban areas where differential heating leads to the formation of heat islands. In the long run, such studies on a global scale are vital to gain accurate, timely information on the distribution of vegetation on the earth's surface. This may lead to an understanding of how changes in land cover affect phenomena as diverse as the atmospheric CO2 concentrations, the hydrological cycle and the energy balance at the surface-atmosphere interface.