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Ridhotul Aslam. K, 2022. “Pengaruh Usaha Kos Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Umkm di Kecamatan Bara”. Skripsi Program Studi Perbankan Syariah, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palopo. Dibimbing oleh Muh. Rasbi. Skripsi ini membahas tentang Pengaruh Usaha Kos Terhadap Tingkat Pendapatan Umkm di Kecamatan Bara. Penelitian ini bertujuan: Untuk mengetahui pengaruh usaha Kos terhadap pendapatan UMKM di Kecamatan Bara. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Adapun populasi dalam penelitian ini yakni semua UMKM yang ada disekitaran Kecamatan Bara sebanyak 403 unit. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 80 reponden diambil dengan teknik pengambilan sampel probability sampling dengan teknik pengumpulan sampel menggunakan simple random sampling (random sederhana). Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian menggunakan angket/kuesioner. Selanjutnya teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dengan bantuan program SPSS 25. Hasil analisis kuantitatif pada uji t nilai thitung > ttabel (1,910 > 1,665) dan signifikansi 0.060 > 0.05. Jadi variabel Usaha Kos berpengaruh secara Signifikan terhadap Pendapatan UMKM di kecamatan Bara. Ini berarti H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Variabel usaha Kos dapat menjelaskan tingkat pendapatan UMKM dengan kontribusi sebesar 0,645 atau 64,5% . sedangkan sisanya 35,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini. Kata Kunci: Usaha Kos, Pendapatan, UMKM

Primary umbilical endometriosis is a rare condition with an overall incidence of around 0.5% to 1% among all the endometriosis cases, but at times it poses a diagnostic dilemma. In our institution we encountered a case of primary umbilical endometriosis presented to multiple surgical speciality departments. A prompt clinical examination with surgical biopsy was the key tool which lead to the diagnosis and providing a complete cure for the patient. Pelvic endometriosis affects 5-10% of women in the child bearing age group. The most pronounced symptoms are dyspareunia, pelvic pain, and infertility. Clinical presentations of umbilical endometriosis are as a nodule with or without associated umbilical pain and bleeding. This patient was given primary hormonal therapy and later underwent a biopsy which paved way for an accurate diagnosis of primary umbilical endometriosis. In this case of umbilical swelling, conditions like a benign nevus, lipoma, abscess, cyst, hernia, as well as metastatic deposit from a systemic malignancy were considered in the clinical differential diagnosis. However surgical excision helped us arrive at a definitive diagnosis and cure for the patient. Keywords: Umbilical endometriosis, Cutaneous endometriosis, Endometriosis

God gives best gift to human being. In which important aspect in our life is vision. But there are some people who lag this ability of visualizing these things. Global estimate of the number of visually impaired people according to World Health Organization survey made in year 2015 is 285 million people are visually impaired worldwide. Blind people use mainly Braille system for reading book. But all the books available in the market are not in this system and books will be more costly when comes in this system. In this project we are going to design a new system consisting of a camera attached to the microcontroller. This camera has to be placed over the book and it will read the pages and information's will be given by the loud speaker.

Inferring behavioral models (e.g., state machines) of software systems is an important element of re-engineering activities. Model inference techniques can be categorized as active or passive learning, constructing models by (dynamically) interacting with systems or (statically) analyzing traces, respectively. Application of those techniques in the industry is, however, hindered by the trade-off between learning time and completeness achieved (active learning) or by incomplete input logs (passive learning). We investigate the learning time/completeness achieved trade-off of active learning with a pilot study at ASML, provider of lithography systems for the semiconductor industry. To resolve the trade-off we advocate extending active learning with execution logs and passive learning results.We apply the extended approach to eighteen components used in ASML TWINSCAN lithography machines. Compared to traditional active learning, our approach significantly reduces the active learning time. Moreover, it is capable of learning the behavior missed by the traditional active learning approach.

This study reports structural characterization of liquid crystalline (LC) phase, formed through water driven transition in a nonionic microemulsion (ME). ME was formulated with α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) – Span 80 (3:1) as surfactant mixture and Captex 355 (a medium chain triglyceride) as oil phase. The role of surfactant mixture was elucidated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments. SANS analyses revealed that, at a specific ratio, TPGS micelles and Span 80 vesicles interacted to form ellipsoidal nanostructures. The ME transformed to LC phase during progressive water addition. Subsequent structural changes were investigated by polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, texture profile and rheological analyses. Transition occurred with 19–24% water addition and it was accompanied with; (a) change of isotropic ME to birefringent LC phase, and (b) improvement in the rheological properties. Interestingly, the transition downshifted to 9.8% water level upon loading the oil phase with 20 mg/ml paclitaxel (PLX). LC structures remained stable at physiological temperature up to 72 h and offered controlled release of PLX under artificial sink conditions. We suggest that in situ development of LC phase can be explored to create long-residing intra-muscular depot formulations.

More and more high tech companies are struggling with the maintenance of legacy software. Legacy software is vital to many organizations, so even if its behavior is not completely understood it cannot be thrown away. To re-factor or re-engineer the legacy software components, the external behavior needs to be preserved after replacement so that the replaced components possess the same behavior in the system environment as the original components. Therefore, it is necessary to first completely understand the behavior of components over the interfaces, i.e., the interface protocols, and preserve this behavior during the software modification activities. For this purpose, we present an approach to infer the interface protocols of software components, from the behavioral models of those components learned with a blackbox technique, called active automata learning. We then perform a formal comparison between learned models and reference models ensuring the behavioral relations are preserved. This provides a validation for the learned results, thus developing confidence in applying the active learning technique to reverse engineer the legacy software components in the future.

Modern high-tech industry is dealing with the maintenance of complex software systems today which consist of a large number of interconnected software components. Many of these components become legacy over years due to lack of documentation and unavailability of original developers. Several techniques are available in literature to retrieve the behavioral models from the existing software. Among those, the dynamic analysis techniques analyze the actual execution of the software, either via execution traces (passive learning), or by interaction with the software components (active learning). These techniques cannot guarantee alone to learn the complete and correct software behavior due to the limitations of each technique. We present an approach to aid active learning technique with software logs (execution traces) and passive learning result to increase the behavioral coverage of learned models.

No abstract available. Article truncated after first page. A 59 year old woman with a past medical history significant for stage IV MALT lymphoma (after chemotherapy and in remission) presented from a long term care facility for respiratory distress and altered mental status. The patient was in hypercarbic respiratory failure with a severe lactic acidosis. Her blood pressure deteriorated, she was begun on vasopressors and intubated. Pertinent labs demonstrated a white blood cell count of 0.9 X106 /ml, a hemoglobin of 7.1 g/dl, and a platelet count 66 X106 /ml. The patient was started on Cefepime and Linezolid presumptively for septic shock. Ultrasounds of her thorax were performed (Videos 1 & 2). What is the best explanation for the ultrasound findings shown above?1. Large pleural effusion; 2. Pneumothorax; 3. Consolidation due to pneumonia; 4. Ruptured diaphragm; 5. Lung abscess

Recent measurements suggest that the terrestrial plant community may be an important source of methane with global contributions between 62 and 236 Tg CH4 y(-1). If true, terrestrial plants could rival wetlands as being the largest global source of methane forcing us to rethink the methane budget. While further measurements are needed to confirm the methane release rates from this source and their dependencies, in this work we use the preliminary measurements to assess the potential impact of the methane release from this source globally. Using novel techniques we extrapolate the initially reported chamber measurements to the global scale and calculate the global methane emissions from the terrestrial plant community to be in the range 20 to 69 Tg CH4 y(-1). The spread in emissions is largely due to the sensitivity of the global flux to the prescribed temperature dependence of the plant emission rate, which is largely unknown. The spread of calculated emissions is in good agreement with the upper limit imposed on the source during the late pre-industrial period, which we estimate to range from 25 to 54 Tg CH4 y(-1) during the years 0 to 1700 A.D. using the published atmospheric delta13CH4 record. In addition, if we assume that plant emissions have been constant at the mean value of 45 Tg CH4 y(-1), we find that the methane release from wildfires and biomass burning during the pre-industrial span 0-1000 A.D. must be near 12 Tg CH4 y(-1), which would be in better agreement with previous estimates of the pyrogenic source during this time than a methane budget missing the plant source. We conclude that methane release from the terrestrial plant community as presently understood does not require major innovations to the global methane budget.

Exchanges between the soils and the atmosphere may control or significantly affect the global budgets of many environmentally important trace gases, both natural and man-made. Flux measurements, taken in several ecosystems, show that soils are a substantial source of chloroform (8 +/- 4 microg/m(2)/d) and a sink for methyl chloride (-10(-3)(+6) microg/m(2)/d). The known sources and sinks of these gases are insufficient to explain the observed concentrations. Our findings will help to balance the global budget of chloroform but may put the budget of methyl chloride further out of balance. We also found, consistent with previous research, that soils are a substantial source of nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide and take up hydrogen and methane. The uptake of man-made chlorocarbons was observed, but the rates are small. Observed fluxes of non-methane hydrocarbons showed few patterns except that soils may be a source of ethane and butane.

As part of the work of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations Task Force on Emission Inventories, a new set of guidelines has been developed for assessing the emissions of sulphur, nitrogen oxides, NH3, CH4, and nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) from biogenic and other natural sources in Europe. This paper gives the background to these guidelines, describes the sources, and gives our recommended methodologies for estimating emissions. We have assembled land use and other statistics from European or national compilations and present emission estimates for the various natural/biogenic source categories based on these. Total emissions from nature derived here amount to ∼1.1 Tg S yr-1, 6-8 Tg CH4 yr-1, 70 Gg NH3 (as N) yr-1, and 13 Tg NMVOC yr-1. Estimates of biogenic NOx emissions cover a wide range, from 140 to 1500 Gg NOx (as N) yr-1. In terms of relative contribution to total European emissions for different pollutants, then NMVOC from forests and vegetation are clearly the most important emissions source. Biogenic NOx emissions (although heavily influenced by nitrogen inputs from anthropogenic activities) are very important if the higher estimates are reliable. CH4 from wetlands and sulphur from volcanoes are also significant emissions in the European budgets. On a global scale, European biogenic emissions are not significant, a consequence of the climate and size (7% of global land area) of Europe and of the destruction of natural ecosystems since prehistoric times. However, for assessing local budgets and for photochemical oxidant modeling, natural/biogenic emissions can play an important role. The most important contributor in this regard is undoubtedly forest VOC emissions, although this paper also indicates that NMVOC emissions from nonforested areas also need to be further evaluated. This paper was originally conceived as a contribution to the collection of papers arising as a result of the Workshop on Biogenic Hydrocarbons in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer, August 24-27, 1997. (Several papers arising from this workshop have been published in Journal of Geophysical Research, 103(D19) 1998.) Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union.

Emission inventories for major reactive tropospheric CI species (particulate CI, HC1, C1NO2, CH3CI, CHCI3, CH3CCI3, C2C14, C2HC13, CH2C12, and CHCIF2) were integrated across source types (terrestrial biogenic and oceanic emissions, sea-salt production and dechlorination, biomass burning, industrial emissions, fossil-fuel combustion, and incinera- tion). Composite emissions were compared with known sinks to assess budget closure; relative contributions of natural and anthropogenic sources were differentiated. Model cal- culations suggest that conventional acid-displacement reactions involving Sov)+O3, S(Iv)+ H202, and H2SO4 and HNO3 scavenging account for minor fractions of sea-salt dechlorina- tion globally. Other important chemical pathways involving sea-salt aerosol apparently pro- duce most volatile chlorine in the troposphere. The combined emissions of CH3CI from known sources account for about half of the modeled sink, suggesting fluxes from known sources were unde:estimated, the OH sink was overestimated, or significant unidentified sources exist. Anthropogenic activities (primarily biomass burning) contribute about half the net CH3CI emitted from known sources. Anthropogenic emissions account for only about 10% of the modeled CHCl3 sink. Although poorly constrained, significant fractions of tropo- spheric CH2C12 (25%), C2HC13 (10%), and C2C14 (5%) are emitted from the surface ocean; the combined contributions of C2C14 and C2HC13 from all natural sources may be substan- tially higher than the estimated oceanic flux.

In the wake of the Kyoto and Montreal Protocols, there is a need to verify whether policies to reduce emissions are working. We present data showing that emissions of ozone-depleting compounds, such as the chlorofluorocarbons and methyl chloroform, are decreasing from some regions of the United States but emissions of the greenhouse gases do not appear to be declining.