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The article presents experimental data obtained by studying the influence of changes in the geometry of parts made of maraging steels, depending on the modes of thermal and thermal cycling treatment with heating in the temperature range of α-γ transformation. The experiments were carried out on samples cut from hot-rolled sheets, pre-hardened at a temperature of 1000°C for 1 hour. Using the accelerated testing method, the relative change in resistance to stress corrosion damage was determined depending on the phase composition and aging temperature (strength) of maraging steel.

The current process of globalization poses the task of transition to a digital economy for developing states. For this task, the creation of a favorable digital economy ecosystem is a basic prerequisite. The digital economy of each country has a separate infrastructure or ecosystem. Each structural part of the ecosystem covers end-to-end digital technologies, such as mobile technologies, BigData, robotics, quantum technologies, cloud technologies, artificial intelligence, internet of things, virtual and augmented reality technologies, digital platforms. World experience shows that the digitalization of the economy is the most important condition for the socio-economic integration of countries. The practice takes into account a number of indicators, which show a picture of the digitalization of spheres and sectors of the country’s economy. This research work examines the need for the development of a digital ecosystem, the essence and indicators of e-government, analyzes the issues and trends of their development in the case of Single Portal of Interactive Public Services (SPIPS). In addition, the essence and trends of the ecosystem of the digital economy are revealed, in particular, the emphasis is placed on normative regulation by the government, the e-government indices are analyzed, and the features of the development of the digital ecosystem in Uzbekistan are specified. Based on the adopted statutory acts and the “Digital Uzbekistan-2030” Strategy, the scientific conclusions have been drawn for the further development of the digital ecosystem and e-government in the country. The purpose of the study is to reveal the trends and priorities of ecosystem of the digital economy of Uzbekistan, to present scientific and practical conclusions on practical significance of the SPIPS digital platform. In the process of research, we used structural and system approaches, classification method, logical method, scientific abstraction, and generalization method. The use of these methods in total enabled us to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the studied area, to make theoretical generalizations, to formulate practical recommendations and conclusions. Improvement of the quality and efficiency of the SPIPS is based on the development of the information and communication technology of the country and on the innovative literacy of citizens. In accordance with legislative acts, ensuring the quality public services and harmonization of the digitalization processes of the system for the provision of various public services are priority areas for reforming the e-government in Uzbekistan.

Agriculture was and still is the largest sector in economy of Uzbekistan. From the other hand, the digital economy is penetrating to all sectors of the economy, including the agriculture sector. Further development of agricultural sector through the digitalization is of great importance. In Uzbekistan, much attention is being paid to the effective use of information technology in the agricultural field. Creating and implementing an automated farm management system is one of today’s major tasks. This research aimed at analyzing the opportunities and development of agriculture in Uzbekistan using digital technologies in comparison with other well-developed countries. At the end of the paper, the conclusions are made and the recommendations are presented as a result of the research.

For opiate (heroin) addiction literature data are ambiguous. There have been reports about the possibility of forming psychoorganic disorders in opiate addiction. Currently, the main number of drugs used opioid is heroin, which combines a variety of highly toxic ingredients: strychnine, quinine, chlorine derivatives. The use of opium treated with acetic anhydride, promotes the formation of toxic encephalopathy with intellectual disabilities. Some authors deny the decline of intelligence in these patients and suggest that intelligence remains intact for a long time from the start of anesthesia. Because of narcotic destruction of the cerebral hemispheres are largely violated mental disorders, attention, psychomotor coordination, speech, gnosis, praxis, the bill, thinking, orientation, planning and control of mental activity. With long-term substance abuse appears fatigue, exhaustion of attention, lack of ability to concentrate, inability to intense mental activity. The patient becomes irritable, dysphoric, and evil. Develops overall emotional brutalization, deceit, lack of a sense of shame, they become indifferent; they do not care about losing a job or a family, and even their own health. Cerebrolysin - peptidergicnootropic drug has low molecular weight, biologically active neuropeptides, which overcome the blood-brain barrier and enter directly to the nerve cells. In particular, it reduces the concentration of lipid peroxidation products, which increased in heroin addiction. A very important aspect of the action cerebrolysin is that it shows a positive effect on cognitive function, improves concentration, the processes of memorizing and reproducing information associated with short-term memory, increases the ability to maintain skills that will intensify the process of mental activity, improves mood, promotes the formation of positive emotions, i.e. has a neuroprotective effect, acting as proof of cognitive impairment. Furthermore, it has such important characteristics as antiastenic, antidepressant and psychostimulant. Very important is the brain-specific adaptogenic effect Cerebrolysin associated with increased stability of the nerve cells to the damaging effects of different nature. Due to its properties Cerebrolysin found extremely wide application in the treatment of various cognitive disorders, including mnemonic arising from hypoxia, intoxication, and various degenerative diseases of the brain. The aim of the study was evaluation of cognitive disorders and neurotic disorders in Cerebrolysin therapy in patients with heroin addiction. The study involved 26 patients with heroin dependence during inpatient treatment, mean age 31.5 years, disease duration of 3.5 years, the daily dose of drugs used intravenously 0.5 g Patients were divided into study and control groups are not statistically different. Cerebrolysin treatment was started on day 7-9 after the last use of the drug. Cerebrolysin dose was 5 mL intramuscularly - 1 time a day. In the control group, patients received placebo 5.0 ml physiological solution. Total per patient was 20 injections. Clinical follow-up procedure was performed "Short-term memory'", "correction test" and the syndrome of anhedonia on Krupitsky E.M. et al. The duration of clinical follow-up was 20 days. The positive results of the subjective assessment of the treatment given 8 - (57.1%) patients. In the 4 - (28.6%) of the effect of treatment, patients rated as minor, and 2 - (14.3%) reported no effect. Analysis of the results of cognitive tests showed a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function compared to baseline by the end of Cerebrolysin therapy was observed in all tests treatment. When testing the ability to repeat the words, patients in the 1-day treatment called on average 4-5 words, to the 20th day of therapy Cerebrolysin - repeated 8-9 words. Volume attention was assessed by the number of scanned characters, the concentration by number of errors made. After treatment with Cerebrolysin significantly improved the quality of attention Neurosis-like disorders were expressed in postabstinence period and characterized by dysphoric, dreary or apathetic depression and other ipohondric disorders. Long retained affective lability, hypochondriacal, fatigue, inactivity, the inability to do any work. Patients were inactive, carefree, careless, and cheeky. On the 20th day of treatment Cerebrolysin was an increase in total physical activity, the revival of interest. Significantly decreased dysphoria, irritability, anxiety, and to a lesser extent - the lability of affect, hypochondriacal, inherent to many patients during the deprivation of the drug. Anxiety levels also declined. Clearly reduce the appearance of asthenic disorders with 2.15 points before treatment cerebrolysin to 1.0 points on the 10 th day and 0.63 points on the 20-day treatment. The same applies to apatico-abulic disorders. Patients become much more active, decreased fatigue, weakness, apathy, indifference. Patients become less distracted, they have decreased confusion and aspontaneous, purposeful activity and increased productivity in the work. The behavior of patients became more orderly and organized, improved mood, much less irritation reactions occurred with negativity and violence. Patients improved further opportunities and interest in simple intellectual activity expanded scope performs everyday activities. Many patients return to the lost work due to illness, they have improved activity, health and mood. In the control group, was set a positive therapeutic effect (usually minimal), it was limited to improved mood and increased activity in some daily activities. The most noticeable effect of Cerebrolysin recorded for asthenia, interest in the environment, emotional liveliness, a sense of comfort, sleep disorders. A distinct positive dynamics of these complaints under the influence of drugs suggests that their genesis in the main role played by organic brain damage. It is important that the treatment of patients with Cerebrolysin not marked deterioration craving for drugs, which often occurs when using nootropics. Components of the syndrome of anhedonia decreased during treatment equally in primary and in the control group, which was also due to the ongoing psychotherapy in both groups. The majority of patients treated with Cerebrolysin, noted during treatment no side effects. Thus, Cerebrolysin provided a positive effect on cognitive function, as well as disorders such as rapid exhaustion, fatigue, apatic-abulistic syndrome, anxiety. All the above points to the desirability of placing on Cerebrolysin a therapeutic treatment program for heroin addicts. Thus, the exchange rate Cerebrolysin therapy reduced the severity of disorders of attention and memory, improving overall cognitive status of patients. Cerebrolysin therapy did not increase the craving for the drug. Application of Cerebrolysin along with improvements in cognitivefunction accompanied by a reduction of concomitant psychiatric symptoms - depression and other disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this study we examine the issue of employee burnout, caused by long-term exposure to workplace stressors, considering its complex phenomenology in the context of contemporary psychological and psychiatric views. Towards the development of innovative technologies to correct burnout in the context of psychosocial rehabilitation, we present our study protocol involving the ReViSide virtual reality (VR) and biofeedback intervention, including monitoring of respiratory rates and EEG rhythms., Methods: The randomized controlled trial protocol includes adult participants aged 18 to 65 years (n=140) who exhibit emotional burnout in the workplace. The intervention group will undergo a course of VR correction (ReViSide), while the control group receives a standard psychocorrection. The primary endpoint will be level of emotional burnout to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). We shall also assess anxiety, depression, asthenia and subjective improvement in condition using validated scales (HADS, HARS, HDRS, VAS-A, PGI-C)., Results: We shall test our hypothesis that the VR-correction group will show significant improvements in MBI scores, particularly in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, compared to the control group. Secondary outcome measures are likewise expected to demonstrate more prominent improvements in the VR group, correlating with the magnitude of burnout reduction to MBI. Analysis of EEG data may reveal changes in alpha rhythm patterns during VR sessions, potentially correlating with reduced distress levels., Conclusions: We designed this study to test the integration of an interdisciplinary approach for treating burnout, highlighting the ReViSide technology. Confirming the efficacy of this approach for psychosocial rehabilitation targeting burnout states among employees should improve their stress resilience, daily motivation, and work productivity in the context of the modern high working pressure environment and demanding corporate culture.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that affects a significant proportion of the world's population, particularly children and adolescents. The sensory processing issues can be an evidence-based target for therapeutic/corrective interventions by controlling the intensity and targeted replacement of maladaptive sensory stimuli with neutral stimuli using virtual reality or augmented reality., Subjects and Methods: We searched for articles on Pubmed. The search query included ((VR or virtual reality) or (AR or augmented reality)) and (children or adolescents) and (ASD or autism spectrum disorder or autism)., Results: Our criteria were met by 25 articles. 19 articles used VR, 5 articles used AR and 1 article used MR. Most interventions offer children and adolescents with ASD individualized tasks. Immersive VR games developed collaborative skills. Other systems encourage and teach directed facial gaze. Evaluation of the effectiveness of learning in VR/AR environment is carried out by means of different scales, qualitative analysis of surveys, questionnaires and interviews, studying the number and duration of eye contacts between the participant and the avatar. It should be noted that almost all studies were conducted on small samples, so their results allow us to draw only preliminary conclusions about the effectiveness of VR /AR., Conclusions: The following key areas of VR/AR technologies for children and adolescents with high-functioning ASD can be identified: communicating with an avatar, including answering its questions, tracking the child's gaze and encouraging the child to look at the face, placing it in social situations close to real life, practicing common everyday situations, learning to recognize emotions. A VR/AR-based therapy approach may help children with autism spectrum disorder without cognitive impairment to develop higher levels of adaptation in terms of social and communication skills. However, more research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of different methods.

Background: Suicide is a major global health concern, particularly among young people. This study evaluates an online suicide risk calculator based on the Risk Assessment of Suicidality Scale (RASS), which is designed to enhance accessibility and early detection of suicide risk., Methods: The study involved 444 participants who completed the RASS via an online calculator. Results were compared with data from the COMET-G study's Russian sample (n=7572). Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and two-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data., Results: The mean age of participants was 22.71 years (SD=7.94). The mean total RASS standardized score was 837.7 (SD=297.8). There was a significant negative correlation between age and RASS scores (r=-0.463, p<0.0001). The online calculator sample showed significantly higher RASS scores compared to the COMET-G sample, with 71% of online users scoring above the 90th percentile of the COMET-G sample., Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the advantage of the on-line suicidality risk calculator based on the RASS scale as a sensitive tool in detecting suicidal behaviours and measuring the severity of suicidality risks, offering a capability for broad reach and immediate assessment during clinical conversation between doctor and patient. Moreover, the RASS on-line psychometric instrument, when being freely distributed among the general population over internet sources, enabled to attract vulnerable groups of respondents with significantly higher suicidality risks. Future research should focus on integrating such tools into comprehensive suicide prevention programs and developing appropriate follow-up monitoring strategies for high risk-cases.

Background: Stigma related to mental illness (and its treatment) is prevalent worldwide. This stigma could be at the structural or organizational level, societal level (interpersonal stigma), and the individual level (internalized stigma). Vulnerable populations, for example, gender minorities, children, adolescents, and geriatric populations, are more prone to stigma. The magnitude of stigma and its negative influence is determined by socio-cultural factors and macro (mental health policies, programs) or micro-level factors (societal views, health sectors, or individuals' attitudes towards mentally ill persons). Mental health stigma is associated with more serious psychological problems among the victims, reduced access to mental health care, poor adherence to treatment, and unfavorable outcomes. Although various nationwide and well-established anti-stigma interventions/campaigns exist in high-income countries (HICs) with favorable outcomes, a comprehensive synthesis of literature from the Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), more so from the Asian continent is lacking. The lack of such literature impedes growth in stigma-related research, including developing anti-stigma interventions., Aim: To synthesize the available mental health stigma literature from Asia and LMICs and compare them on the mental health stigma, anti-stigma interventions, and the effectiveness of such interventions from HICs., Materials and Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar databases were screened using the following search terms: stigma, prejudice, discrimination, stereotype, perceived stigma, associate stigma (for Stigma), mental health, mental illness, mental disorder psychiatric* (for mental health), and low-and-middle-income countries, LMICs, High-income countries, and Asia, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation/SAARC (for countries of interest). Bibliographic and grey literature were also performed to obtain the relevant records., Results: The anti-stigma interventions in Asia nations and LMICs are generalized (vs. disorder specific), population-based (vs. specific groups, such as patients, caregivers, and health professionals), mostly educative (vs. contact-based or attitude and behavioral-based programs), and lacking in long-term effectiveness data. Government, international/national bodies, professional organizations, and mental health professionals can play a crucial in addressing mental health stigma., Conclusion: There is a need for a multi-modal intervention and multi-sectoral coordination to mitigate the mental health stigma. Greater research (nationwide surveys, cultural determinants of stigma, culture-specific anti-stigma interventions) in this area is required., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2023 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness causing significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, and other important areas of life. While there is no widely accepted endophenotype, peripheral blood cells may serve as an accessible model of intracellular changes in schizophrenia., Methods: We reviewed the literature on the query "peripheral blood mononuclear cells AND schizophrenia" in Medline (Pubmed), selecting studies that searched for specific biomarkers of schizophrenia. We considered both diagnostic biomarkers and biomarkers of therapeutic response, specific schizophrenia disorders or differential diagnostic biomarkers., Results: We retrieved 41 articles matching the search criteria, among which were studies that considered changes in the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers, proteins, receptors, enzyme activity, and gene expression as potential biomarkers., Conclusion: Approaches analysing a biological axis or a group of related biomarkers may hold the greatest promise for identifying schizophrenia. In addition, pharmacological status, smoking status, inflammatory markers and glucose metabolites, the presence of comorbidities should be considered. Certain biomarkers, while not specific for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, may indicate the prognosis and effectiveness of treatment in the established diagnosis.

Background: The continuous research on minor depressive disorder is one of the pressing issues in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We studied the features of minor depressive disorder subtypes in conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic., Materials and Methods: Sixty-two patients were observed with the administration of clinical follow-up research method., Results: The following major subtypes of minor depressive disorder were identified: Asthenic, hysterical, hypochondriacal, apathetic, and minor depressive disorder with obsessive-compulsive symptoms., Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic lead to an increase in the development of the minor depressive disorder with a predominance of asthenic and obsessive-phobic symptoms. Therapy of minor depressive disorder requires the involvement of a wide range of specialists, preferably with the inclusion of community-based treatment., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Indian Journal of Psychiatry.)

24 patients with heroin addiction have been observed with the purpose to assess cognitive and neurosis-like disorders during the treatment with Noofen. The methods of research included clinical-psychopathological examination. The course therapy with Noofen reduced intensity of memory and attention disorders and improved general cognitive status of the patients. The therapy with Noofen has not increased a pathological drive to narcotics. Noofen use has improve cognitive sphere alongside with reduction in concomitant psychopathological symptoms including depressive and other disorders.

A new technique for endolaryngeal microsurgery is proposed. It based on the irradiation of benign laryngeal tumours using Ho:YAG and potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) lasers. A total of 198 patients of either sex aged from 2 to 77 years with a variety of benign laryngeal neoplasms were treated by this method between 2004 and 2007. Its application allowed the results of the treatment to be optimized as confirmed by the statistically significant improvement of the external respiration function, acoustic characteristics of the voice, and positive dynamics of laryngeal endoscopic imaging data.

RT-PCR-based examination of papilloma samples obtained from patients with relapsing papillomatosis of the larynx showed an incidence rate of human papilloma virus (HPV) amounting to 89%. The viral load level of the studied samples, when measured by concurrent RT-PCR HPV, differed by more than 130 times. It made, in the untreated patient, 1.2 x 10(9) hormonal equivalents/ml, i.e. 13-fold higher versus the patient who received pathogenetic therapy. Thus, the approach in question provides for a possibility to monitor the activity of papilloma viral infection and to evaluate the efficiency of different variations of pathogenetic therapy because the "classic" variant of PCR-detection is not informative in the discussed case.

The authors of the article analyze clinical observations of 240 patients with respiratory papillomatosis (aged 7 months to 56 years), treated in the ETN clinic of Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute in 1984-2003 using endolaringeal microsurgical techniques, such as ultrasound desintegration and laser photodestruction of papillomas. Additional therapy included immunocorrection with T-activin and leukomax, discrete plasmopheresis, antiviral therapy with zovirax, and photodynamic therapy. Having compared various methods and their combinations, the authors conclude that "clinical recovery" (no relapses within more than 2.5 years), was achieved in 41.4 +/- 0.5% - 77.8 +/- 0.2% patients.

Achievements of today's laryngeal and tracheal surgery came for the most part from novel optic techniques and anesthesia. All the operations were performed with application of the microscope or endoscopic devices. Gas exchange was provided differently: using volume, injection and high frequency artificial ventilation of the lungs. An individual approach to gas exchange technique in respiratory obstruction allowed to avoid emergency tracheotomy. A laryngeal mask was used in children for air delivery in fibrotracheobronchoscopy. Removal of tumors, dissection of laryngeal scars, trachea and bronchi were made by means of ultrasound and laser equipment. Interventions are considered for each condition.

For 15 years the authors treated 205 children aged 9 months to 15 years with respiratory papillomatosis. Besides surgical endolaryngeal removal of the papillomas, they applied immunomodulators, plasmapheresis and antiviral drugs. Of different methods of artificial lung ventilation, the best is thought to be transcatheter high-frequency artificial lung ventilation. As shown by the studies of infection resistance, the combined treatment should incorporate such drugs as zovirax and leukomax. Ultrasound disintegration and laser photodestruction with Ho laser were introduced in surgical removal of the papillomas. The combined treatment shortens the treatment duration and prolongs recurrence-free period.