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1. Gluteal compartment syndrome secondary to prolonged immobilization following carbon monoxide poisoning associated with leukoencephalopathy: A case report

Author

Mohammad Shujauddin, Ashraf T. Hantouly, Isam Moghamis, Osama Alzobi, Fuad Vayalil Mazhar, and Mohamed Maged Mekhaimar

Subjects
Case report, Gluteal compartment syndrome, Sciatic nerve palsy, Carbon monoxid poisoning and prolonged immobilization, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Introduction: Gluteal compartment syndrome (GCS) is a rare diagnosis that results mostly from a non-traumatic etiology. We describe a case of a gluteal compartment syndrome, complicated with sciatic nerve palsy. Case presentation: This paper reported a case of gluteal compartment syndrome caused by prolonged immobilization due to carbon monoxide poisoning. The case was complicated with sciatic nerve palsy and a sequala of leukoencephalopathy. Discussion and conclusion: This case report highlighted the importance of having a high suspicion for gluteal compartment syndrome in patients with history of lying down with prolonged immobilization. The diagnosis can be made solely on clinical examination and a fasciotomy must be performed with no delay.

Published
2024
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2. Stand-Alone Tibial Interference Screw Fixation and Tibial Interference Screw Plus Tibial Staple Fixation Produce Comparable Outcomes After Primary Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Autografts

Author

Raed Y. Abudaqqa, M.D., Ahmad R. Abed, M.D., Ahmad A. Toubasi, Ashraf T. Hantouly, M.D., M.Sc., Ali J. Al Mas, M.D., Faris A. Abushaaban, M.D., Kariyal P. Arun, F.R.C.S., and Amgad M. Elshoeibi

Subjects
Sports medicine, RC1200-1245
Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the impact of adding a metal staple alongside the interference screw in tibial side graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: All patients treated with autograft hamstring ACLR at our institution between January 2017 and December 2021 with a minimum 1-year follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Patients treated with a stand-alone interference screw for tibial side fixation were compared with those treated with a combination of interference screw and staple. The primary outcome was failure of the reconstructed graft. Secondary outcomes were operative time, complication rate, and reoperation rate. Results: A total of 497 patients met the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. A combination of staple and interference screw was used in 167 patients (33.6%), whereas a standalone interference screw was used in 330 patients. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of operative time, complication rate, or failure rate. The mean follow-up was 23.25 (±13.29) months. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that augmenting the interference screw with a staple for tibial-side fixation in ACLR does not have a significant impact on operative time, reoperation rate, complications, or failure rates. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Published
2023
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3. Significant extravasation does not preclude conservative management of spontaneous perforation of the augmented bladder

Author

Ahmed Abdelhalim and Ashraf T. Hafez

Subjects
Bladder augmentation, Perforation, Conservative, CT cystogram, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Abstract Background Perforation of the augmented bladder is a serious and well-known complication of bladder augmentation. The traditional treatment has been emergent surgical exploration and repair of the bladder perforation due to the risk of peritonitis, sepsis and mortality. Some studies have reported successful conservative management by maximizing bladder drainage in patients with stable hemodynamics and limited peritoneal extravasation. Herein, we report the successful conservative management of spontaneous perforation of augmented bladder in a 5-year-old boy with exstrophy-epispadias complex following epispadias repair with significant extravasation. Case presentation A 5-year-old boy had augmentation ileocystoplasty to facilitate repair of failed bladder exstrophy closure. Modified penile disassembly was used for epispadias repair with a transurethral catheter draining the bladder. The patient presented on postoperative day 2 with a non-draining catheter, fever, repeated vomiting and abdominal distension. Leukocytosis and elevated creatinine were evident on laboratory work-up. CT cystogram confirmed the diagnosis of spontaneous perforation of the augmented bladder with significant intraperitoneal extravasation. Conservative management was successful by inserting a suprapubic catheter and an intraperitoneal drain. The patient subsequently underwent creation of Mitrofanoff appendicovesicostomy and bladder neck closure to achieve dryness without recurrence of perforation on follow-up. Conclusions Perforation of the augmented bladder can be managed conservatively even in the presence of significant peritoneal extravasation by maximizing bladder drainage and insertion of an image-guided intraperitoneal drain.

Published
2023
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4. Extramedullary haematopoiesis in patients with transfusion dependent β-thalassaemia (TDT): a systematic review

Author

Eihab A. Subahi, Fateen Ata, Hassan Choudry, Phool Iqbal, Mousa A. AlHiyari, Ashraf T. Soliman, Vincenzo De Sanctis, and Mohamed A. Yassin

Subjects
Thalassaemia, transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, extramedullary haematopoiesis, Medicine
Abstract

Introduction Around 5% of the world’s population is expected to have some degree and type of thalassaemia. Beta thalassaemia (BT) occurs due to a deficient production of the beta-globin chain of haemoglobin. Extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH) is one of the complications of BT, mainly observed in minor/intermedia subtypes. EMH is the production of blood cells outside the marrow as a compensatory response to longstanding hypoxia. Due to chronic transfusions, it is not expected in patients with beta-thalassaemia major (BTM). However, there are increasingly reported cases of EMH in BTM. The incidence of EMH in BTM is thought to be

Published
2022
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5. NUMERICAL TAXONOMY OF GENUS FICUSL. 1753 (MORACEAE),WITH ADDITION NEW RECORD SPECIES TO EGYPT

Author

Ashraf T. Soliman, Rim S. Hamdy, and Riham A. Mahdy

Subjects
cluster analysis, ficus, identification, new record, Museums. Collectors and collecting, AM1-501, Natural history (General), QH1-278.5
Abstract

he taxonomy of FicusL., 1753 species is confusing because of the intense morphological variability and the ambiguity of the taxa. This study handled 36 macro-morphological characteristics to clarify the taxonomic identity of the taxa. The study revealed that Ficusis represented in the Egyptian gardens with forty-one taxa; 33 species, 4 subspecies and 4 varieties, and classified into five subgenera: FicusCorner, 1960; TeregaRaf., 1838; SycomorusRaf.,1838; Synoecia(Miq.) Miq.,1867, and SpherosukeRaf.,1838; out of them seven were misidentified. Amongst, four newFicustaxa were recently introduced to Egypt namely: F. linguasubsp. linguaWarb. ex De Wild. & T. Durand, 1901; F. pumilaL., 1753; F. rumphiiBlume, 1825, and F. surForssk., 1775. The application of the multivariate analyses in plant systematics namely the two-way clustering analysis and the principal component analysis revealed that the qualitative characters as the presence or absence of lateral peduncular or ostiolar bracts and the leaf margin delimit the differentiation of subgenera within genus Ficus. Whereas the qualitative characters of the leaf as leaf arrangement, lamina shape, length, ratio of length to width, base, apex, number of lateral veins, stipules and figs either pedunculate or sessile, shape, and width are significantly separating the species within the different sections. Seven different identification keys of the studied taxa based on the examined characters are provided. In addition, a diagrammatic key for all the studied taxa is given.

Published
2021
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6. Antenatal and postnatal management of posterior urethral valves: where do we stand?

Author

Ahmed Abdelhalim and Ashraf T. Hafez

Subjects
Posterior urethral valve, Antenatal, Medical, Anticholinergic, Diversion, Bladder neck incision, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Abstract Introduction Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the leading etiology of lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) in boys and is an important cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in children. The aim of this article is to review the current status on antenatal intervention for PUV as well as postnatal medical and surgical management. Main body MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pubmed and Google Scholar search was conducted throughout December 2020 using the keywords: posterior urethral valves, congenital urinary obstruction, antenatal, valve bladder syndrome, medical, anticholinergics, alpha blocker, antibiotics, biofeedback, diversion, augmentation cystoplasty and renal transplantation. Only papers written in English were included. The relevant literature was summarized. Despite advances in antenatal intervention for fetal LUTO, it remains associated with considerable fetal and maternal morbidity. Patient selection criteria for antenatal intervention are greatly debated. Fetal intervention has resulted in improved perinatal survival in properly selected cases, with a questionable benefit to postnatal renal function. There is decent evidence supporting the use of anticholinergics in infants and young children following valve ablation, with less robust evidence advocating alpha blockers, overnight catheter drainage and biofeedback. The role of urinary diversion remains contentious. Optimizing bladder dynamics is crucial for successful renal transplantation outcomes. Conclusion While antenatal intervention has failed to improve renal function outcomes of PUV, patient-centered medical and sometimes surgical interventions can help delay the progression of chronic kidney disease. Lifelong monitoring and management of the associated bladder dysfunction is indispensable even after successful renal transplantation.

Published
2021
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7. Acute irreducible volar distal radioulnar joint dislocation treated with open reduction through dual approaches: A case report and literature review

Author

Osama Z. Alzobi, Mazhar Fuad, Ayman Abdolenour, Ashraf T. Hantouly, Hammam Kayali, and Fadi Bouri

Subjects
Distal radioulnar joint dislocation, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Introduction: Acute dislocation of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) is a rare pathology. Most cases were managed with closed reduction, and few patients required open reduction through dorsal or volar approaches. We describe a patient who required open reduction using dual approaches. Case presentation: This paper reported a case of acute DRUJ volar dislocation that failed closed reduction. Open reduction was tried using a dorsal approach which failed to achieve joint reduction. A second volar approach to release volar joint capsule had only achieved joint reduction. Discussion and conclusion: This case report highlighted the importance of open reduction when treating acute DRUJ injuries that failed closed reduction. We strongly recommend that surgeons should be ready to utilize dual approaches for this injury and to appraise patients about this possibility.

Published
2022
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8. Manifestations of HbSE sickle cell disease: a systematic review

Author

Ibrahim Khamees, Fateen Ata, Hassan Choudry, Ashraf T. Soliman, Vincenzo De Sanctis, and Mohamed A. Yassin

Subjects
Sickle cell disease, SCD, Hemoglobin SE, HBSE, Sickle genotype, Medicine
Abstract

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is commonly encountered in Africa and Middle Eastern countries. The causative mutation in the gene encoding the hemoglobin subunit β (HBB) leads to various genotypic variants of the disease. This results in varied phenotypes, with a spectrum of complications, from benign to fatal. Hemoglobin SS (HBSS) genotype is associated with most of these complications; hence, it is a severe form of SCD. On the other hand, rare genotypes such as hemoglobin SE (HBSE) are considered benign. There is limited literature about the clinical manifestations and characteristics of patients with HBSE. We pooled all available data describing the phenotypic manifestations of HBSE heterozygote worldwide to perform a systematic review. Methods We performed a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar databases. Two independent reviewers (FA and IK) evaluated studies for eligibility and extracted data. We synthesized data on demographics, manifestations, and management of HBSE disease. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42021229877. Results We found 68 HBSE patients reported in the literature. 24 cases were extracted from case reports whereas 44 cases from case series and retrospective studies. Turkey reported the highest number of patients (n = 22). 32 (47%) of the patients were males. The mean age was 20.9 ± 18.26 years. The mean HBS and HBE percentages were 61.1% ± 7.25% and 32.3% ± 5.06%, respectively, whereas the mean hemoglobin was 11.64 ± 1.73 g/dl. Reported manifestations of HBSE disease included acute vaso-occlusive pain crisis (n = 22, 32.3%), splenomegaly (n = 11, 16.1%), hemolytic anemia (n = 10, 14.7%), infections (n = 8. 11.7%), bone infarction (n = 4, 5.8%), gallstones (n = 3, 4.4%), venous thromboembolism (VTE) (n = 2, 2.9%) and stroke (n = 2, 2.9%), and hematuria (n = 2, 2.9%). Death due to HBSE complications was reported in three patients. Conclusion HBSE is a rare genotypic variant of SCD. It has been considered a benign form; however, there are multiple reports of severe complications. Severe complications observed in HBSE disease include vaso-occlusive crisis, acute chest syndrome, stroke, bone marrow embolism, and death.

Published
2021
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9. Hematological indices reference intervals for a healthy Arab population in Qatar

Author

Mohamed A. Yassin, MBBS, MSc, Ashraf T. Soliman, MD, PhD, Abdulqadir J. Nashwan, MSc, Ans A. Alamami, MD, Mohammad A. J. Abdulla, MD, Saloua M. Hmissi, MD, Mahmood B. Aldapt, MD, Prem Chandra, PhD, Aasir M. Suliman, MD, MRCP (UK), Ezzeddin A. Ibrahim, MD, Khadra S. Yassin, MSc, Niloofar Allahverdi, MSc, and Shehab F. Mohamed, MD

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Abstract. Hematologic reference intervals vary with gender, age, ethnicity, and geographic area. Therefore, local or national laboratory reference ranges are essential to enhance the accuracy when diagnosing health conditions. Still, no comprehensive list of reference ranges tailored to the Arab population living in Qatar. Accordingly, this study aims at establishing a hematology reference guide for Arabs in Qatar. This is a retrospective study where 750 healthy volunteers (18–69 years) from 2015 to 2019 were included, analyzed by an automated hematology analyzer. Arab adults were divided into African (Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Morocco) and Asian (Syria, Lebanon, Jordon, Palestine, Qatar). The Cell-Dyn and Sysmex were used for measuring hematological parameters. The mean +/- 2SD were established for all the study groups. Arab males had significantly higher Hb, Hct, red cell distribution width, absolute neutrophil count, lymphocytes, and monocyte counts than females. Asian-Arab males had significantly higher Hb concentration and higher WBC, lymphocytes, and eosinophils than African Arabs. Asian-Arab young (>18: 40 years). African-Arab young males had significantly higher lymphocytes and lower monocytes than older males. Asian-Arab young females had higher WBC and absolute neutrophil count than older Asian Arabs. The findings of this study will help in establishing specific reference intervals in the Arab world. The differences in hematology reference intervals considering age, gender, and geographical location highlight the importance of establishing blood reference intervals in each country considering the ethnic diversity of each country.

Published
2022
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10. Return to Play After Isolated Syndesmotic Ligamentous Injury in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Motasem Salameh MD, Ashraf T. Hantouly MD, Abdallah Rayyan Medical Student, Jood Dabbas Medical Student, Ahmad A. Toubasi Medical Student, Davis A. Hartnett MD, and Brad Blankenhorn MD

Subjects
Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Background: Syndesmotic ankle sprains are common and challenging injuries for athletes. The management of such injuries is controversial, with a paucity of evidence on treatment protocols with unpredictability regarding the time lost to participate in sports following injury. The present study seeks to review and report the return to play (RTP) time and examine the outcomes and complications of ankle syndesmotic sprains in the athletic population. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were queried in August 2021 for case series, cohorts, and randomized controlled trials that evaluated return to play time after ankle syndesmotic sprains. The primary outcomes were the rate and time to return to play after syndesmotic ankle sprains for both surgical and nonsurgical treatment. Secondary outcomes included short-term complications and recurrence. Results: Eighteen articles were eligible for meta-analysis with a total of 1133 syndesmotic sprains. The overall RTP was 99% (95% CI 0.96, 1.00), the overall mean RTP was 52.32 days (95% CI 39.01, 65.63). Pooled RTP for surgically treated patients was 70.94 days (95% CI 47.04, 94.85), whereas it was 39.33 days (95% CI 28.78, 49.88) for nonsurgically treated cases. A low incidence of recurrence and complications were reported. Conclusion: This article reports a high rate of RTP after syndesmotic sprains. Grade of injury and surgical vs conservative management can affect the time to RTP in high-level athletes. Level of Evidence : Level IV, systematic review and meta-analysis.

Published
2022
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11. Effect of Plant Nanocellulose Electrolyte, Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles, and Nano-Chlorophyll Sensitiser on the Dye-Sensitised Solar Cell Performance

Author

Abdullah K. Alanazi, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Zeid A. Alothman, Ashraf T. Mohamed, Tanay Pramanik, and Saad H. Alotaibi

Subjects
plant nanocellulose, chlorophyll, dye-sensitised solar cell, particle size distribution, photovoltaics, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

Owing to ecological concerns and the rapid increase in fossil fuel consumption, sustainable and efficient generation technologies are being developed. The present work aimed at manufacturing DSSC that is based on natural elements for converting the sun energy into electrical energy. ZnO nano materials are used in solar cells as binary compound semiconductor according to their stability, better conductivity, excellent mobility, the best affinity of electrons, and lower cost compared to other semiconductors. Recently, nanocellulose has shown potential as an advanced nanomaterial used in electrochemical conversion devices since it is considered the best abundant Earth biopolymer and is inexpensive and versatile. The constructed DSSC composed of plant nanocellulose (PNC) extracted from banana peel and nano-chlorophyll dye extracted from aloe vera were evaluated as the electrolyte and sensitiser, respectively. With increasing PNC content from 0 to 32 wt.%, both PV parameters and lifetime increase, and voltage decay decreases. The nano particles size modification for three materials carried by ultrasonic waves. Increasing the ultrasonic wave exposure time reduced the size of the Chl particles. The addition of PNC from banana peel to DSSC electrolyte is shown effective. The effect of varying the PNC/nano-chlorophyll content (0–32 wt.%) on the photovoltaic parameters of the DSSC was investigated. The addition of PNC significantly increased the fill factor and sunlight conversion efficiency. The DSSCs showed acceptable performance under relatively low irradiation conditions and different light intensities, indicating that they are suitable for outdoor applications.

Published
2022
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12. An Investigation into the Production of rGO/CuO Composites Using Plant Wastes

Author

Hala M. Abo-Dief, Abdullah K. Alanazi, Zeid A. Alothman, Tanay Pramanik, Ashraf T. Mohamed, Ahmed M. Fallata, and Jalal T. Althakafy

Subjects
reduced graphite oxide, CuO, crystallinity index, XRD, EDX, SEM, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

The electrochemical energy storage that based on earth-abundant materials is essential because of the future demands. Because of carbon-based architecture supercapacitors, rapid charging/discharging, and long life cycle, they considered attractive compared to chemical to batteries. Therefore, copper oxide (CuO) as positive electrode and reduced grapheme oxide (rGO) as negative electrode materials were used for a high-performance supercapacitor in a low cost, simple, and ecofriendly method. During the present work, synthesized reduced graphene oxide/copper oxide (rGO/CuO) nanocomposite using a simple chemical method is carried and investigated. The crystallinity index (Ic) of CuO, 1.0 M rGO/CuO and rGO was 90.61%, 88.42%, and 86.25%, respectively, at 500 °C and one h, while it was 76.30%, 73.51%, and 67.77respectively, at 500 °C and 30 h. As the test temperature increases, Ic% of both rGO and 1.0 M rGO/CuO increases, and that of CuO decreases. As the test period increases, Ic% for rGO, CuO, and 1.0 M rGO/CuO decreases. As the molarity concentration increased, the crystallinity index of rGO/CuO composites increased. The specimens characteristics are carried and investigated using; EDX, SEM, GC/MS, and XRD analysis. The appearance of the peaks at 2θ = 22.20° and 43.58° were related to GO, and peaks at 22°, 20°, 43.58°, 50.70°, and 74.37° indicated the synthesis of the nanocomposite.

Published
2022
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13. Effect of rGO wt.% on the Preparation of rGO/CuO Nanocomposites at Different Test Periods and Temperatures

Author

Abdullah K. Alanazi, Hala M. Abo-Dief, Zaid A. Alothman, Ashraf T. Mohamed, Tanay Pramanik, and Ahmed M. Fallata

Subjects
rGO/CuO nanocomposites, dynamic light scattering, XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical performance, Crystallography, QD901-999
Abstract

In this study, we synthesized a reduced form of graphene oxide/copper oxide (rGO/CuO) nanocompounds produced at rGO wt. of 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5% and 1%. The crystallinity indexes for rGO and rGO/CuO increased, and that for CuO decreased as the test temperatures increases, while the crystallinity indexes of rGO, CuO and rGO/CuO decreases with test periods increment. Measurement by dynamic light scattering reported average crystallite sizes of 0.7, 8.8, 25.4, 38.5 nm for 0.125 wt.% rGO/CuO, 0.25 wt.% rGO/CuO, 0.50 wt.% rGO/CuO and 1.0 wt.% rGO/CuO respectively. The electrochemical properties of the nanocomposites were checked. The rGO/CuO XRD peaks were 18.114320 Å, 225.1856 Å, 321.41740 Å, and 365.98290 Å, with 11.051640%, 0.461075%, 0.280083%, and 0.174259% for 2ϴ of 22.2031°, 43.5865°, 50.7050°, and 74.3729°, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy identified the existence of vibrational frequencies with pseudo-capacitance at 458 cm−1 which confirmed the presence of rGO-CuO nanoparticles. The voltammetry of rGO-CuO indicated the increment of electrochemical activity, large capacitance, and conduction in the reduced rGO/CuO composite. For rGO wt. of 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0%, the rGO/CuO composite specific capacitance was 561 F/g, 582 F/g, 597 F/g, and 611 F/g, respectively, which indicated good electrochemical performance.

Published
2022
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15. Aurasperone A Inhibits SARS CoV-2 In Vitro: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study

Author

Mai H. ElNaggar, Ghada M. Abdelwahab, Omnia Kutkat, Mohamed GabAllah, Mohamed A. Ali, Mohamed E. A. El-Metwally, Ahmed M. Sayed, Usama Ramadan Abdelmohsen, and Ashraf T. Khalil

Subjects
Aspergillus niger, Phallusia nigra, Rubasperone B, Aurasperone A, SARS CoV-2, Mpro, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Several natural products recovered from a marine-derived Aspergillus niger were tested for their inhibitory activity against SARS CoV-2 in vitro. Aurasperone A (3) was found to inhibit SARS CoV-2 efficiently (IC50 = 12.25 µM) with comparable activity with the positive control remdesivir (IC50 = 10.11 µM). Aurasperone A exerted minimal cytotoxicity on Vero E6 cells (CC50 = 32.36 mM, SI = 2641.5) and it was found to be much safer than remdesivir (CC50 = 415.22 µM, SI = 41.07). To putatively highlight its molecular target, aurasperone A was subjected to molecular docking against several key-viral protein targets followed by a series of molecular dynamics-based in silico experiments that suggested Mpro to be its primary viral protein target. More potent anti-SARS CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors can be developed according to our findings presented in the present investigation.

Published
2022
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16. Evaluation of the hepatoprotective effect of combination between hinokiflavone and Glycyrrhizin against CCl4 induced toxicity in rats

Author

Maged S. Abdel-Kader, Ashraf T. Abulhamd, Abubaker M. Hamad, Abdullah H. Alanazi, Rizwan Ali, and Saleh I. Alqasoumi

Subjects
Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Liver diseases are one of the fatal syndromes due to the vital role of the liver. Most of the effective treatment of liver conditions are of natural origin. Silymarin (SI) is the standard drug used for treatment of impaired liver functions. Two natural compounds possessing promising liver protection and with different chemical structures namely; the bioflavonoid hinokiflavone (HF) isolated from Junipers phoenicea family Cupressaceae and the sweet saponin Glycyrrhizin (GL) present in Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) were selected for the current study. Since the two compounds are of different nature, they may act by different mechanisms and express synergistic effect. Combination of the two compounds using to dose levels were challenged with single doses of HF, GL and SI as well. The comparison was monitored via measuring serum biochemical parameters including, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin, tissue parameters such as MDA, NP-SH and TP, histopathological study using light and electron microscope. Protective effect on kidney was also monitored histopathologically and biochemically through observing the levels of LDH, creatinine, creatinine-kinase, urea and uric acid. The combinations of HF and GL showed protective effect more than the used single doses of HF and GL alone. However, SI was superior to the used combination in the two used doses in all the measured parameters. The liver and kidney cells appearance under normal and electron microscope showed that SI treated groups showed almost normal cells with slight toxic signs. Cells from group treated with the higher doses of the combination of HF and GL showed slight signs of intoxication under light and electron microscope indicating good level of protection. Although the combination of HF and GL expressed good protection in the higher dose, however, the combination did not exceed the protective effect of SI. Keywords: Hepatoprotective, Hinokiflavone, Glycyrrhizin, Electron microscopy, CCl4, Rats

Published
2018
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34. Fetal and Prenatal Ureter

Author

Abdelhalim, Ahmed, Hafez, Ashraf T., Abdel-Gawad, Mahmoud, editor, Ali-El-Dein, Bedeir, editor, Barry, John, editor, and Stenzl, Arnulf, editor

Published
2023
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42. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Author

Steinmetz, J, Seeher, K, Schiess, N, Nichols, E, Cao, B, Servili, C, Cavallera, V, Cousin, E, Hagins, H, Moberg, M, Mehlman, M, Abate, Y, Abbas, J, Abbasi, M, Abbasian, M, Abbastabar, H, Abdelmasseh, M, Abdollahi, M, Abdollahifar, M, Abd-Rabu, R, Abdulah, D, Abdullahi, A, Abedi, A, Abedi, V, Abeldano Zuniga, R, Abidi, H, Abiodun, O, Aboagye, R, Abolhassani, H, Aboyans, V, Abrha, W, Abualhasan, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Aburuz, S, Adamu, L, Addo, I, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adekiya, T, Adikusuma, W, Adnani, Q, Adra, S, Afework, T, Afolabi, A, Afraz, A, Afzal, S, Aghamiri, S, Agodi, A, Agyemang-Duah, W, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, A, Ahmad, D, Ahmad, S, Ahmadzade, A, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, J, Ahmed, L, Ahmed, M, Ahmed, S, Ajami, M, Aji, B, Ajumobi, O, Akade, S, Akbari, M, Akbarialiabad, H, Akhlaghi, S, Akinosoglou, K, Akinyemi, R, Akonde, M, Al Hasan, S, Alahdab, F, Al-Ahdal, T, Al-Amer, R, Albashtawy, M, Albataineh, M, Aldawsari, K, Alemi, H, Alemi, S, Algammal, A, Al-Gheethi, A, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, A, Ali, E, Ali, L, Ali, M, Ali, R, Ali, S, Shujait Ali, S, Ali, Z, Alif, S, Alimohamadi, Y, Aliyi, A, Aljofan, M, Aljunid, S, Alladi, S, Almazan, J, Almustanyir, S, Al-Omari, B, Alqahtani, J, Alqasmi, I, Alqutaibi, A, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Altaany, Z, Al-Tawfiq, J, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Al-Worafi, Y, Aly, H, Aly, S, Alzoubi, K, Amani, R, Amindarolzarbi, A, Amiri, S, Amirzade-Iranaq, M, Amu, H, Amugsi, D, Amusa, G, Amzat, J, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Anderson, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Angappan, D, Angesom, T, Anil, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Anwer, R, Arafat, M, Aravkin, A, Areda, D, Ariffin, H, Arifin, H, Arkew, M, Arnlov, J, Arooj, M, Artamonov, A, Artanti, K, Aruleba, R, Asadi-Pooya, A, Asena, T, Asghari-Jafarabadi, M, Ashraf, M, Ashraf, T, Atalell, K, Athari, S, Atinafu, B, Atorkey, P, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Aujayeb, A, Avan, A, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayatollahi, H, Ayinde, O, Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh, S, Azadnajafabad, S, Azizi, Z, Azizian, K, Azzam, A, Babaei, 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Abstract

Background: Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous s

Published
2024

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