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LHC is anticipated to collect data from oxygen-oxygen ($O+O$) collisions at center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~7$ TeV to further investigate the particle production mechanisms. In the present work, we report on the predictions of transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$-spectra), $dN/dy$, yield ratios relative to pions, $p_{\rm T}$-differential ratios of (multi-)strange hadrons in $O+O$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~7$ TeV using EPOS4 and AMPT models. Both models differ fundamentally, EPOS4 incorporates a QGP phase, while AMPT focuses on pre-formed hadron interactions. We observed that AMPT qualitatively fails to predict strangeness enhancement in $O+O$ collisions, while EPOS4 predicts a significant enhancement. We also observed the hints of stronger radial flow in EPOS4 compared to AMPT in $O+O$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}~=~7$ TeV. AMPT incorporates some flow effects, but EPOS4's implementation of full hydrodynamic flow appears to be significantly more effective in reproducing the experimental data. Both models interestingly predict the final state multiplicity overlap with $pp$, $p+Pb$, and $Pb+Pb$ collisions. The upcoming data on $O+O$ collisions at the LHC is expected to play a crucial role both, constraining the model parameters and significantly refining our understanding of these theoretical models., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of particle production in proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV using Pythia~8 event generator. We investigate the transverse momentum $p_T$ spectra of light charged hadrons ($\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p(\bar p)$), their yield ratios ($\pi^-/\pi^+$, $K^-/K^+$ and $\bar{p}/p$), and $p_T$-differential ratios ($(K^++K^-)/(\pi^++\pi^-)$, $(\overline{p}+p)/(\pi^++\pi^-)$) and mean transverse momentum ($\langle p_\mathrm{T} \rangle$). Our analysis employs various Pythia~8 tunes (Simple, Vincia, and Dire) to explore the impact of different model configurations on particle production. We optimize a key parameter ($p_\mathrm{T}HatMin$) within each tune to achieve the best agreement between the simulated \ppt spectra and those measured by the CMS collaboration. Interestingly, we find that the optimal values for $p_\mathrm{T}HatMin$ differ between hadron species, potentially reflecting the influence of particle mass on production mechanisms. It is not possible to simultaneously and qualitatively describe both, the strangeness enhancement and collectivity in $pp$ collisions from \pythia~8. Further investigation such as final-state effects such as color ropes or junctions may require to explain these effects. These types of studies help us identify limitations in current models and refine their parameters to better explain experimental observations., Comment: 9 Pages, 6 Figures, 1 Table

We report the investigation of the kinetic freeze-out properties of identified hadrons ($\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p(\bar p)$) along with light (anti-)nuclei $d (\bar d)$, $t (\bar t)$ and ${}^{3}He$ in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. A simultaneous fit is performed with the Blast-Wave (BW) model to the transverse momentum ({\ppt}) spectra of identified hadrons together with light (anti-)nuclei produced in $Au+Au$ collisions at {\sqrtsNN} = 7.7 -- 200 GeV at the RHIC and in $Pb+Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{\mathrm{s}_{_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 2.76 TeV at the LHC. The energy and centrality dependence of freeze-out parameters, i.e., kinetic freeze-out temperature ($T_{kin}$) and collective flow velocity $\langle \beta \rangle$ has been studied. It is observed that light (anti-)nuclei also participate in the collective expansion of the medium created in the collision when included in a common fit with the light hadrons. We observe a marginal rise in $T_{kin}$ and a slight decrease in $\langle \beta \rangle$ when compared to the values obtained from the fit to light hadrons. A similar $\langle \beta \rangle$ and significantly larger $T_{kin}$ is observed when a fit is performed to only protons and light (anti-)nuclei. Both, $T_{kin}$ and $\langle \beta \rangle$ show a weak energy dependence at most collision energies., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, 4 Tables

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) aims to inject oxygen (${}^{16}O$) ions in the next run into its experiments. This include the anticipated one-day physics run focusing on $OO$ collisions at center-of-mass energy \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}} = 7 Tev. In this study, we have used recently developed version of the EPOS (EPOS4) to study the production of identified particles ($\pi^\pm$, $K^\pm$ and $p(\overline{p})$) in $OO$ collisions at 7 Tev. Predictions of transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra, $\langle p_T \rangle$, integrated yield (dN/dy) for different centrality classes are studied. To provide insight into the collective nature of the produced particles, we look into the $p_T$-differential particle ratios ($K/\pi$ and $p/\pi$) and $p_T$-integrated particle ratios to ($\pi^++\pi^-$) as a function of charge particle multiplicity. The shape of the charge particle multiplicity ($dN/d\eta$) and $\langle p_T \rangle$ is well described by the EPOS4. The EPOS4 predictions for the ratios of $K/\pi$ and $p/\pi$ exhibit a systematic overestimation compared to the observed trends as a function of charged-particle multiplicity. Interestingly, the $OO$ results of $p_T$-integrated particle ratios shows a clear final state multiplicity overlap with $pp$, $p-Pb$ and $Pb-Pb$ collisions. EPOS4 mimics signs of collectivity and is one of the suitable candidates to study ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Furthermore, the foreseen data from $OO$ collisions at the LHC, when available, will help to better understand the heavy-ion-like behavior in small systems as well as help to put possible constraints on the model parameters., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

During the pre-main-sequence evolution, Young Stellar Objects (YSOs) assemble most of their mass during the episodic accretion process. The rarely seen FUOr-type events (FUOrs) are valuable laboratories to investigate the outbursting nature of YSOs. Here, we present multi-wavelength detection of a high-amplitude eruptive source in the young open cluster VdBH 221 with an ongoing outburst, including optical to mid-infrared time series and near-infrared spectra. The initial outburst has an exceptional amplitude of $>$6.3 mag in Gaia and 4.6 mag in $K_s$, with a peak luminosity up to 16 $L_{\odot}$ and a peak mass accretion rate of 1.4 $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The optical to infrared spectral energy distribution (SED) of this object is consistent with a low-mass star (0.2$M_\odot$) with a modest extinction ($A_V < 2$ mag). A 100-d delay between optical and infrared rising stages is detected, suggesting an outside-in origin of the instability. The spectroscopic features of this object reveal a self-luminous accretion disc, very similar to FU Orionis, with a low line-of-sight extinction. Most recently, there has been a gradual increase in brightness throughout the wavelength range, possibly suggesting an enhancement of the mass accretion rate., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Recent advances in Generative Adversarial Networks GANs applications continue to attract the attention of researchers in different fields. In such a framework, two neural networks compete adversely to generate new visual contents indistinguishable from the original dataset. The objective of this research is to create a complementary codesign process between humans and machines to augment character designers abilities in visualizing and creating new characters for multimedia projects such as games and animation. Driven by design cognitive scaffolding, the proposed approach aims to inform the process of perceiving, knowing, and making. The machine generated concepts are used as a launching platform for character designers to conceptualize new characters. A labelled dataset of 22,000 characters was developed for this work and deployed using different GANs to evaluate the most suited for the context, followed by mixed methods evaluation for the machine output and human derivations. The discussed results substantiate the value of the proposed cocreation framework and elucidate how the generated concepts are used as cognitive substances that interact with designers competencies in a versatile manner to influence the creative processes of conceptualizing novel characters.

Autonomous ground vehicle systems have found extensive potential and practical applications in the modern world. The development of an autonomous ground vehicle poses a significant challenge, particularly in identifying the best path plan, based on defined performance metrics such as safety margin, shortest time, and energy consumption. Various techniques for motion planning have been proposed by researchers, one of which is the use of artificial potential fields. Several authors in the past two decades have proposed various modified versions of the artificial potential field algorithms. The variations of the traditional APF approach have given an answer to prior shortcomings. This gives potential rise to a strategic survey on the improved versions of this algorithm. This study presents a review of motion planning for autonomous ground vehicles using artificial potential fields. Each article is evaluated based on criteria that involve the environment type, which may be either static or dynamic, the evaluation scenario, which may be real-time or simulated, and the method used for improving the search performance of the algorithm. All the customized designs of planning models are analyzed and evaluated. At the end, the results of the review are discussed, and future works are proposed.

We conducted a multi-institutional audit of dosimetric variability between FLASH and conventional dose rate (CONV) electron irradiations by using an anatomically realistic 3D-printed mouse phantom. A CT scan of a live mouse was used to create a 3D model of bony anatomy, lungs, and soft tissue. A dual-nozzle 3D printer was used to print the mouse phantom using acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ($~1.02 g/cm^3$) and polylactic acid ($~1.24 g/cm^3$) simultaneously to simulate soft tissue and bone densities, respectively. The lungs were printed separately using lightweight polylactic acid ($~0.64 g/cm^3$). Hounsfield units (HU) and densities were compared with the reference CT scan of the live mouse. Print-to-print reproducibility of the phantom was assessed. Three institutions were each provided a phantom, and each institution performed two replicates of irradiations at selected mouse anatomic regions. The average dose difference between FLASH and CONV dose distributions and deviation from the prescribed dose were measured with radiochromic film. Compared to the reference CT scan, CT scans of the phantom demonstrated mass density differences of $0.10 g/cm^3$ for bone, $0.12 g/cm^3$ for lung, and $0.03 g/cm^3$ for soft tissue regions. Between phantoms, the difference in HU for soft tissue and bone was <10 HU from print to print. Lung exhibited the most variation (54 HU) but minimally affected dose distribution (<0.5% dose differences between phantoms). The mean difference between FLASH and CONV from the first replicate to the second decreased from 4.3% to 1.2%, and the mean difference from the prescribed dose decreased from 3.6% to 2.5% for CONV and 6.4% to 2.7% for FLASH. The framework presented here is promising for credentialing of multi-institutional studies of FLASH preclinical research to maximize the reproducibility of biological findings., Comment: 29 Pages, 5 Figures, 2 Tables