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Objective: To determine the association of age and parity with gestational hypertension. Study Design: Case-control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Combined Military Hospital, Sibi Pakistan, from Oct 2020 to Sep 2021. Methodology: A total of two hundred and sixty-eight (n=268) patients (134 controls and 134 cases) were included in this study. Data about age, parity, economic status and education status was recorded. Two consecutive readings of blood pressure were recorded in siting position, 4 hours apart, and the second reading was entered on the proforma. Results: Mean age of the patients was 28.10±5.61 years and 28.99±6.29 years in cases and controls, respectively. Mean gestational age was 38.46±1.02 weeks in cases and 38.04±1.00 weeks in controls. In cases, primigravida were 88(65.7%) and multigravida were 46(34.3%) and in controls 58(43.3%) were primigravida and 46(56.7%) were multigravida. Odds ratio was 2.50(95% CI: 1.53-4.10), p value was <0.001. In cases, 111 women (82.8%) were from young age group and 23 women (17.2%) belonged to advanced age group. In controls 94 women (70.2%) were of young age group while 40 women (29.8%) belonged to advanced age group (p value was 0.013). Conclusion: Primigravidae and women of younger age seem to have association with pregnancy induced hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly selective and sensitive 2,7-naphthyridine based colorimetric and fluorescence "Turn Off" chemosensors (L1-L4) for detection of Ni2+ in aqueous media are reported. The receptors (L1-L4) showed a distinct color change from yellow to red by addition of Ni2+ with spectral changes in bands at 535–550 nm. The changes are reversible and pH independent. The detection limits for Ni2+ by (L1-L4) are in the range of 0.2–0.5 µM by UV–Visible data and 0.040–0.47 µM by fluorescence data, which is lower than the permissible value of Ni2+ (1.2 µM) in drinking water defined by EPA. The binding stoichiometries of L1-L4 for Ni2+ were found to be 2:1 through Job's plot and ESI–MS analysis. Moreover the receptors can be used to quantify Ni2+ in real water samples. Formation of test strips by the dip-stick method increases the practical applicability of the Ni2+ test for "in-the-field" measurements. DFT calculations and AIM analyses supported the experimentally determined 2:1 stoichiometries of complexation. TD-DFT calculations were performed which showed slightly decreased FMO energy gaps due to ligand–metal charge transfer (LMCT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viral outbreaks are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in livestock and human populations. Lack of good vaccines and poor control measures along with natural viral genetic drifting and shifting are the common causes of new viral strains and outbreaks. The current study reports the synthesis of some 2-aryl substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids 1a-h and their 3-acetyl 2a and 3-benzoyl derivatives 3a. Two important poultry viruses: Avian influenza virus (AIV; A/Chicken/Italy/1994/H9N2) and infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were selected, grown in 9-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs, and subjected to in ovo anti-viral assays. Most of the synthesized compounds were found active against AIV subtype H9N2 and IBV. In the case of AIV, the best results were attained for compound 1d which showed an IC50 value of 3.47 µM, while IBV 1c showed IC50 value of 4.10 µM. The lower IC50 values of these compounds correlate with the high potency of these compounds, especially in comparison with control groups. The standard drugs amantadine and ribavarin were used as positive controls in the case of AIV and IBV, respectively. Better results were obtained with 2-aryl substituted thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acids 1a-h compared to their N-acylated derivatives 2a and 3a against both viruses. In conclusion, this preliminary data support the idea that thiazolidine carboxylic acids could be used as anti-viral drugs against AIV and IBV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mango is the tropical and subtropical tree fruit and known as the king of all fruits. Its production is continuously declining due to diseases incidence and insect pest attacks. Mango sudden death syndrome is the deadly disease of mango trees in many countries around the world. The objective of the current study was to study the effect of sudden decline on the transport of macronutrients (P, K, Ca, Mg), micronutrients (Fe, B, Mn, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mo, Ni), beneficial nutrients (Al, Co, Na, Si), toxic elements (Ba, Pb, Sr, Cd), water and ash contents in healthy and infected tissues of stem bark and aerial parts of mango tree. Sudden death disease significantly (p<0.05) decreased water contents in infected tissues as compared to healthy tissues which were taken as control. The quantitative mineral analysis was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The levels of Ba, Mn, K, B, Al, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, Sr, Cd, Ni, Cr, Pb, Mo significantly reduced by 11.53, 12.16, 12.18, 17.40, 23.33, 26.04, 31.27, 31.46, 35.89, 39.47, 40, 40.28, 51.15, 60.00 and 71.42%, respectively, in infected stem bark as compared to healthy control. Similarly, the levels of Ni, Zn, Si, Co, Sr decreased in infected aerial parts by 10.22, 27.22, 32.07, 39.47 and 80%, respectively, as compared to healthy control. It was revealed that sudden death disease causes significant nutritional imbalance in stem bark and aerial parts of the mango plant. The present study indicated the decreased level of essential nutrients as one of the predisposing factors causing sudden death of mango trees. The findings of this study provided valuable information to manage the nutritional status of diseased mango plants in future and for the development of mango varieties resistant to changes in mineral nutrients under exposure to sudden death disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aervfuranoside (1), a new chlorinated dibenzofuran glycoside together with ten (2-11) known compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of the flowers of Aerva javanica. The structures of isolates were elucidated by the combination of 1D (¹H and 13C-NMR), 2D (HMQC, HMBC and COSY) NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (FABMS, HRFABMS) or in comparison with the literature data in case of known metabolites. Among these isolates, only compounds 1-3 were evaluated for DPPH free radical scavenging potential and enzyme inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), lipoxygenase (LOX) and metallo-ß-lactamase (IMP-1). The test compound 2 exhibited moderate inhibition of the enzyme lipoxygenase with the IC50 value of 53.5 µM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We synthesized novel pyrido[2,3- b ]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds (4-7) and their chemical structures were ascertained by spectral techniques (NMR, FT-IR). Besides experimental investigation, density functional theory (DFT) computations with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory were executed to obtain spectroscopic and electronic properties. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), UV-visible, vibrational analysis, natural bond orbitals (NBOs), transition density matrix (TDM) and density of states (DOS) analyses of molecules (4-7) were accomplished at B3LYP/6-31G (d,p) level. Global reactivity parameters (GRPs) were correlated with the band gap ( E gap ) values; compound 7 with lower E gap (3.444 eV), exhibited smaller value of hardness (1.722 eV) with greater softness value (0.290 eV -1 ). The dipole moment ( μ ), average polarizability 〈 α 〉, first ( β tot ) and second 〈 γ 〉 hyper-polarizabilities were calculated for compounds (4-7). Compound 7 showed less E gap , highest absorption wavelength and remarkable NLO response. The highest 〈 α 〉, β tot and 〈 γ 〉 values for compound 7 were observed as 3.90 × 10 -23 , 15.6 × 10 -30 and 6.63 × 10 -35 esu, respectively. High NLO response revealed that pyrido[2,3- b ]pyrazin based heterocyclic compounds had very remarkable contributions towards NLO technological applications. Further compounds (4-7) are utilized for the first time in electrochemical sensing of DNA, i n vitro antioxidant and antiurease activity., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

In the present study, we reported the efficient synthesis of novel, heterocyclic, coumarin-based pyrano-chromene derivatives, 2-amino-8-methyl-5-oxo-4-[2-(2-oxo-2 H -chromen-3-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-4 H ,5 H -pyrano[3,2- c ]chromene-3-carbonitrile (4a) and 2-amino-8-methyl-5-oxo-4-[2-(2-oxo-2 H -chromen-3-ylmethoxy)-phenyl]-4 H ,5 H -pyrano[3,2- c ]chromene-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (4b). The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were resolved by employing various spectroscopic techniques like UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1 H & 13 C NMR, and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) analysis. The compounds; 4a and 4b, with appealing π-bonded skeleton were further analyzed in terms of their electronic and structural aspects using an integral approach of density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD/DFT). The methodology: M06-2X/6-31G(d,p) level of theory was applied to compare their experimental data with theoretical outcomes using quantum chemical analysis. The frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) study revealed that, 4a possesses a low band gap (5.168 eV) as compared to 4b (6.308 eV). Global reactivity parameters were associated with E gap values as 4a, with the lowest band gap showed the smaller value of hardness (0.094 eV) and a larger value of softness (5.266 eV). The non-linear optical (NLO) insight exhibited that, the average polarizability 〈 α 〉 and second hyperpolarizability ( γ tot ) were observed in 4a as 6.77005 × 10 -23 and 0.145 × 10 4 esu, respectively. Overall, the computational studies suggest that the investigated compounds have distinct NLO properties., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts to declare., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

In this work, we report the efficient synthesis of novel (hydroxybenzoyl)pyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidine heterocycle derivatives: 6-(2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione (6a), 6-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione (6b), 6-(5-ethyl-2-hydroxybenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione (6c) and 6-(2-hydroxy-5-isopropylbenzoyl)-1-methylpyrido[2,3- d ]pyrimidine-2,4(1 H ,3 H )-dione (6d). The chemical structures of the title compounds were ascertained by spectral techniques including 1 H, 13 C NMR, UV-visible and FT-IR spectroscopy as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD-DFT) computation were adopted to analyze the electronic structures of 6a-d. Compounds 6a-d were computed in the ground state for FT-IR spectroscopic and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis by DFT/B3LYP with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. UV-vis spectroscopic and HOMO and LUMO energy values for 6a-d were determined via TD-DFT/B3LYP with the 6-311+G(d,p) basis set. The optimized geometric parameters, UV-vis findings, and vibrational frequencies indicate good consistency with the experimental data. NBO analysis was conducted to explore the interactions and charge transfer among different orbitals in the title compounds. The HOMO and LUMO band gap (Δ E ) values for 6a-d were found to be 3.93, 3.91, 4.10 and 3.91 eV, respectively. Molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) analysis explored the reactivity of the title compounds by predicting their nucleophilic as well as electrophilic sites., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)