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Introduction: The study aims to investigate the antifungal efficacy of albedo extract of Punica grantum on candida albicans by evaluating the inhibitory capacity of alcoholic albedo extracts by disc diffusion method and by comparing the antifungal efficacy of alcoholic extract of albedo with clotrimazole and ethanol. Methods: Using a conventional disc diffusion method, the effectiveness of Punica Granatum albedo extract against Candida albicans was assessed and evaluated depending on the presence or absence of inhibition zones, as well as the average diameter of inhibition zones. Albedo extract of Punica granatum serial dilutions were prepared ranging from 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% and its antifungal efficacy was tested against Candida albicans in comparison with clotrimazole and ethanol. Results: When compared to clotrimazole, the albedo extract of punica granatum showed significant anticandidal activity. The mean zone of inhibition of extract was recorded at 27.6 mm whereas clotrimazole was 21.6 mm and no zone of inhibition was recorded for ethanol. Statistically significant p value 0.015 was recorded within the different dilutions of albedo extract of Punica grantum which is less than 0.05. Conclusion: The present investigation found that Punica Granatum albedo extract had greater potent antifungal activity when compared to clotrimazole and ethanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral cancer (OC) is associated with various risk factors and high mortality rates, and contributes significantly to the worldwide cancer burden. Objectives: To assess and evaluate patients' current knowledge, awareness, and behavior regarding OC risk in a cancer trust hospital. Materials and Methods: The study involved 600 patients who attended cancer trust hospital, East Godavari district, from September 2021 to October 2021. A self-administered questionnaire of 20-questions was given to each patient that included socio-demographic and disease-specific information and their answers evaluated. Results: The data was examined using descriptive statistics, and the connection between the variables, education, family income, and other factors was assessed using a chi-square test (with a 5% significance threshold). The results were analysed with reference to their implications for interventions aimed at patient's awareness for oral cancer symptoms. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, people lacked information and awareness about identified risk factors for oral cancer. Knowledge of maintaining a healthy lifestyle that eliminates the consumption of established oral cancer risk factors was low. At the community and individual levels, health education linked to primary prevention of oral cancer must be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present scenario of Oral Pathology and Oral Histology as a subject is alarming. In spite of so many advancements in terms of books, internet and conferences there are still lacunae between the understanding and interest for the subjects in the students. It can be partly due to the fact that the students perceive it as a non-clinical subject having a lesser scope for practice. Aim: The present study was aimed at evaluating the students approach towards oral pathology department and the subject. The purpose of the study was to analyze practical hurdles encountered by students and to find out solutions to overcome them. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional questionnaire based study was done with BDS students of People's Dental Academy, Bhopal, India, to gauge the understanding of their knowledge in the subject of Oral Pathology and Oral Histology. Questionnaire comprised of 28 multiple choice questions under five parameters. The data recorded was subjected to statistical analysis using chi-square test. Results: We found that study samples were efficient enough in terms of following instructions related to their day to day training. Although they were content with light microscope, they thought that some more interactive sessions could be beneficial for them in Oral Pathology. Conclusion: Through our study we found out that the students are well oriented on the whole about Oral Pathology. They certainly encounter difficulties which are easy to handle if proper measures are taken. We through our study would like the readers to be aware of the changing trends in teaching and to incorporate them routinely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal gingival enlargements are a diverse group of lesions with almost similar clinical presentation but varied etiology and histopathology. The actual cause of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) has been debated over many years. POFs are usually seen in childhood and younger ages. There is a slight female predilection. It is usually localized, rarely generalized. Usually, the treatment option is only surgical excision with minimal chances of recurrence. Here, we report a case of POF of the right maxillary posterior region with a review of literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most formidable health problems for mankind. These carcinomas are characterized by invasion of epithelial tumor cells into the stroma, which get embedded in extracellular matrix and collagen producing reactive changes. Such changes in the stroma may alter the biological aggressiveness of the tumor. An attempt was made to evaluate the collagen changes in different grades of OSCC which can contribute to understanding the biologic behavior of oral cancer and predict clinical outcomes., Aims and Objectives: To assess the quantitative changes in collagen in different grades of OSCC using hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) and Picrosirius red (PSR) stain through spectrophotometry and to compare the efficacy of these stains for estimation of collagen., Materials and Methods: The study comprised a total sample size of 60, which were distributed under 4 different groups, each containing 15 samples. Group I to IV consisted of normal buccal mucosa, with well-, moderately-, and poorly-differentiated OSCC, respectively. The tissues of 10 μm thickness were stained with H and E and PSR for spectrophotometric analysis., Results: The quantity of collagen decreased with increasing grades of OSCC. Comparison between two stains showed that PSR can provide a more reliable and accurate result than H and E., Conclusion: Collagen estimation is one of the methods to assess the progression of tumor. The method used in the present study for collagen estimation in different grades of OSCC is reliable and accurate., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2022 Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure.)

Aim: Cellular cannibalism is defined as the ability of a cell to engulf another cell of its own type or any other. It has been recognized in various malignancies and is linked well with the aggressiveness, degree of anaplasia, invasiveness and metastatic potential. Literature search fetched up very few studies related to the presence and significance of cannibalism with respect to Oral squamous cell carcinoma [OSCC]. The present study was aimed to detect tumor cell cannibalism in OSCC and to validate its role as a prognosticator of OSCC in relation to metastasis and degree of differentiation., Method: 30 histopathologically proven cases, 15 cases each of metastatic OSCC (7 well differentiated OSCC and 8 moderately differentiated OSCC) and non-metastatic OSCC (8 well differentiated OSCC and 7 moderately differentiated OSCC) were included in the study. Quantitative assessment of tumor cell cannibalism was done. The data was analyzed using Mann Whitney test., Result: Metastatic OSCC showed higher frequency of cannibalistic cells compared to non-metastatic OSCC. More number of cannibalistic cells were found in moderately differentiated OSCC than well differentiated OSCC in both groups. Moreover, Grade III cannibalism and complex cannibalism was also found to be associated with metastatic, moderately differentiated OSCC exclusively., Conclusion: It has been found that higher number of cannibalistic cells were associated with OSCC showing metastasis indicating their aggressive behavior. So, we recommend that quantitative assessment of tumor cell cannibalism should become a part of the routine histopathological examination of OSCC to screen its hostile behavior.