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1. The Impact of Mindfulness-Based Yoga Interventions on Fifth-Grade Students' Perceived Anxiety and Stress

Author

Stapp, Alicia Cooper and Lambert, Ashley Berry

Abstract

With rising pressure and an increase in expected academic performance in schools across the United States, students are experiencing higher levels of stress than ever before. To address this issue, the present study examined the impact of mindfulness-based yoga interventions on fifth-grade students' perceived anxiety and stress levels through a mixed methods research approach. Quantitative data were collected from students through a pre- and post-questionnaire while qualitative data were garnered through an interview with the classroom teacher. Findings revealed that following the intervention period, students reported a slight increase in anxiety levels (1.9%) and a decrease in stress levels (9.29%). Particulrly, males in the remedial class displayed changes in both a decrease in anxiety (31.58%) and stress (16.68%) levels. Additionally, the following themes emerged from the qualitative data: (a) teacher perceptions of students' anxiety and stress in the classroom; (b) transfer of mindfulness-based yoga skills; and (c) creating a positive transition. These results suggest that mindfulness-based yoga can be a positive tool for the classroom to reduce students' anxiety and stress.

Published
2020

2. Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Mark D, Neuman, Rui, Feng, Susan S, Ellenberg, Frederick, Sieber, Daniel I, Sessler, Jay, Magaziner, Nabil, Elkassabany, Eric S, Schwenk, Derek, Dillane, Edward R, Marcantonio, Diane, Menio, Sabry, Ayad, Manal, Hassan, Trevor, Stone, Steven, Papp, Derek, Donegan, Mitchell, Marshall, J Douglas, Jaffe, Charles, Luke, Balram, Sharma, Syed, Azim, Robert, Hymes, Ki-Jinn, Chin, Richard, Sheppard, Barry, Perlman, Joshua, Sappenfield, Ellen, Hauck, Mark A, Hoeft, Ann, Tierney, Lakisha J, Gaskins, Annamarie D, Horan, Trina, Brown, James, Dattilo, Jeffrey L, Carson, Thomas, Looke, Sandra, Bent, Ariana, Franco-Mora, Pamela, Hedrick, Matthew, Newbern, Rafik, Tadros, Karen, Pealer, Kamen, Vlassakov, Carolyn, Buckley, Lauren, Gavin, Svetlana, Gorbatov, James, Gosnell, Talora, Steen, Avery, Vafai, Jose, Zeballos, Jennifer, Hruslinski, Louis, Cardenas, Ashley, Berry, John, Getchell, Nicholas, Quercetti, Gauasan, Bajracharya, Damien, Billow, Michael, Bloomfield, Evis, Cuko, Mehrun K, Elyaderani, Robert, Hampton, Hooman, Honar, Dilara, Khoshknabi, Daniel, Kim, David, Krahe, Michael M, Lew, Conjeevram B, Maheshwer, Azfar, Niazi, Partha, Saha, Ahmed, Salih, Robert J, de Swart, Andrew, Volio, Kelly, Bolkus, Matthew, DeAngelis, Gregory, Dodson, Jeffrey, Gerritsen, Brian, McEniry, Ludmil, Mitrev, M Kwesi, Kwofie, Anne, Belliveau, Flynn, Bonazza, Vera, Lloyd, Izabela, Panek, Jared, Dabiri, Chris, Chavez, Jason, Craig, Todd, Davidson, Chad, Dietrichs, Cheryl, Fleetwood, Mike, Foley, Chris, Getto, Susie, Hailes, Sarah, Hermes, Andy, Hooper, Greg, Koener, Kate, Kohls, Leslie, Law, Adam, Lipp, Allison, Losey, William, Nelson, Mario, Nieto, Pam, Rogers, Steve, Rutman, Garrett, Scales, Barbara, Sebastian, Tom, Stanciu, Gregg, Lobel, Michelle, Giampiccolo, Dara, Herman, Margit, Kaufman, Bryan, Murphy, Clara, Pau, Thomas, Puzio, Marlene, Veselsky, Kelly, Apostle, Dory, Boyer, Brenda Chen, Fan, Susan, Lee, Mike, Lemke, Richard, Merchant, Farhad, Moola, Kyrsten, Payne, Bertrand, Perey, Darius, Viskontas, Mark, Poler, Patricia, D'Antonio, Greg, O'Neill, Amer, Abdullah, Jamie, Fish-Fuhrmann, Mark, Giska, Christina, Fidkowski, Stuart Trent, Guthrie, William, Hakeos, Lillian, Hayes, Joseph, Hoegler, Katherine, Nowak, Jeffery, Beck, Jaslynn, Cuff, Greg, Gaski, Sharon, Haaser, Michael, Holzman, A Stephen, Malekzadeh, Lolita, Ramsey, Jeff, Schulman, Cary, Schwartzbach, Tangwan, Azefor, Arman, Davani, Mahmood, Jaberi, Courtney, Masear, Syed Basit, Haider, Carolyn, Chungu, Ali, Ebrahimi, Karim, Fikry, Andrew, Marcantonio, Anitha, Shelvan, David, Sanders, Collin, Clarke, Abdel, Lawendy, Gary, Schwartz, Mohit, Garg, Joseph, Kim, Juan, Caruci, Ekow, Commeh, Randy, Cuevas, Germaine, Cuff, Lola, Franco, David, Furgiuele, Matthew, Giuca, Melissa, Allman, Omid, Barzideh, James, Cossaro, Armando, D'Arduini, Anita, Farhi, Jason, Gould, John, Kafel, Anuj, Patel, Abraham, Peller, Hadas, Reshef, Mohammed, Safur, Fiore, Toscano, Tiffany, Tedore, Michael, Akerman, Eric, Brumberger, Sunday, Clark, Rachel, Friedlander, Anita, Jegarl, Joseph, Lane, John P, Lyden, Nili, Mehta, Matthew T, Murrell, Nathan, Painter, William, Ricci, Kaitlyn, Sbrollini, Rahul, Sharma, Peter A D, Steel, Michele, Steinkamp, Roniel, Weinberg, David Stephenson, Wellman, Antoun, Nader, Paul, Fitzgerald, Michaela, Ritz, Greg, Bryson, Alexandra, Craig, Cassandra, Farhat, Braden, Gammon, Wade, Gofton, Nicole, Harris, Karl, Lalonde, Allan, Liew, Bradley, Meulenkamp, Kendra, Sonnenburg, Eugene, Wai, Geoffrey, Wilkin, Karen, Troxell, Mary Ellen, Alderfer, Jason, Brannen, Christopher, Cupitt, Stacy, Gerhart, Renee, McLin, Julie, Sheidy, Katherine, Yurick, Fei, Chen, Karen, Dragert, Geza, Kiss, Halina, Malveaux, Deborah, McCloskey, Scott, Mellender, Sagar S, Mungekar, Helaine, Noveck, Carlos, Sagebien, Luat, Biby, Gail, McKelvy, Anna, Richards, Ramon, Abola, Brittney, Ayala, Darcy, Halper, Ana, Mavarez, Sabeen, Rizwan, Stephen, Choi, Imad, Awad, Brendan, Flynn, Patrick, Henry, Richard, Jenkinson, Lilia, Kaustov, Elizabeth, Lappin, Paul, McHardy, Amara, Singh, Joanne, Donnelly, Meera, Gonzalez, Christopher, Haydel, Jon, Livelsberger, Theresa, Pazionis, Bridget, Slattery, Maritza, Vazquez-Trejo, Jaime, Baratta, Michael, Cirullo, Brittany, Deiling, Laura, Deschamps, Michael, Glick, Daniel, Katz, James, Krieg, Jennifer, Lessin, Jeffrey, Mojica, Marc, Torjman, Rongyu, Jin, Mary Jane, Salpeter, Mark, Powell, Jeffrey, Simmons, Prentiss, Lawson, Promil, Kukreja, Shanna, Graves, Adam, Sturdivant, Ayesha, Bryant, Sandra Joyce, Crump, Michelle, Verrier, James, Green, Matthew, Menon, Richard, Applegate, Ana, Arias, Natasha, Pineiro, Jeffrey, Uppington, Phillip, Wolinsky, Amy, Gunnett, Jennifer, Hagen, Sara, Harris, Kevin, Hollen, Brian, Holloway, Mary Beth, Horodyski, Trevor, Pogue, Ramachandran, Ramani, Cameron, Smith, Anna, Woods, Matthew, Warrick, Kelly, Flynn, Paul, Mongan, Yatish, Ranganath, Sean, Fernholz, Esperanza, Ingersoll-Weng, Anil, Marian, Melinda, Seering, Zita, Sibenaller, Lori, Stout, Allison, Wagner, Alicia, Walter, Cynthia, Wong, Denise, Orwig, Maithri, Goud, Chris, Helker, Lydia, Mezenghie, Brittany, Montgomery, Peter, Preston, J Sanford, Schwartz, Ramona, Weber, Lee A, Fleisher, Samir, Mehta, Alisa J, Stephens-Shields, Cassandra, Dinh, Jacques E, Chelly, Shiv, Goel, Wende, Goncz, Touichi, Kawabe, Sharad, Khetarpal, Amy, Monroe, Vladislav, Shick, Max, Breidenstein, Timothy, Dominick, Alexander, Friend, Donald, Mathews, Richard, Lennertz, Robert, Sanders, Helen, Akere, Tyler, Balweg, Amber, Bo, Christopher, Doro, David, Goodspeed, Gerald, Lang, Maggie, Parker, Amy, Rettammel, Mary, Roth, Marissa, White, Paul, Whiting, Brian F S, Allen, Tracie, Baker, Debra, Craven, Matt, McEvoy, Teresa, Turnbo, Stephen, Kates, Melanie, Morgan, Teresa, Willoughby, Wade, Weigel, David, Auyong, Ellie, Fox, Tina, Welsh, Bruce, Cusson, Sean, Dobson, Christopher, Edwards, Lynette, Harris, Daryl, Henshaw, Kathleen, Johnson, Glen, McKinney, Scott, Miller, Jon, Reynolds, B Scott, Segal, Jimmy, Turner, David, VanEenenaam, Robert, Weller, Jineli, Lei, Miriam, Treggiari, Shamsuddin, Akhtar, Marcelle, Blessing, Chanel, Johnson, Michael, Kampp, Kimberly, Kunze, Mary, O'Connor, Jinlei, Li, Duminda N, Wijeysundera, Sachin, Kheterpal, Reneé H, Moore, Alexander K, Smith, Laura L, Tosi, Lee, Fleisher, Christine, Langlois, Samuel, Oduwole, and Thomas, Rose

Subjects
Male, Analgesics, Canada, Pain, Postoperative, Hip Fractures, Pain, General Medicine, Anesthesia, General, Anesthesia, Spinal, Patient Satisfaction, Internal Medicine, Humans, Female, Aged
Abstract

The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) trial found similar ambulation and survival at 60 days with spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Trial outcomes evaluating pain, prescription analgesic use, and patient satisfaction have not yet been reported.To compare pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction after hip fracture surgery with spinal versus general anesthesia.Preplanned secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02507505).46 U.S. and Canadian hospitals.Patients aged 50 years or older undergoing hip fracture surgery.Spinal or general anesthesia.Pain on postoperative days 1 through 3; 60-, 180-, and 365-day pain and prescription analgesic use; and satisfaction with care.A total of 1600 patients were enrolled. The average age was 78 years, and 77% were women. A total of 73.5% (1050 of 1428) of patients reported severe pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. Worst pain over the first 24 hours after surgery was greater with spinal anesthesia (rated from 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain imaginable]; mean difference, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.68]). Pain did not differ across groups at other time points. Prescription analgesic use at 60 days occurred in 25% (141 of 563) and 18.8% (108 of 574) of patients assigned to spinal and general anesthesia, respectively (relative risk, 1.33 [CI, 1.06 to 1.65]). Satisfaction was similar across groups.Missing outcome data and multiple outcomes assessed.Severe pain is common after hip fracture. Spinal anesthesia was associated with more pain in the first 24 hours after surgery and more prescription analgesic use at 60 days compared with general anesthesia.Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute

Published
2022

3. Engaging patients as partners in a multicentre trial of spinal versus general anaesthesia for older adults

Author

Jennifer Hruslinski, Diane A. Menio, Robert A. Hymes, J. Douglas Jaffe, Christine Langlois, Lolita Ramsey, Lakisha J. Gaskins, Mark D. Neuman, Thomas Looke, Sandra Bent, Ariana Franco-Mora, Pamela Hedrick, Matthew Newbern, Rafik Tadros, Karen Pealer, Edward Marcantonio, Kamen Vlassakov, Carolyn Buckley, Svetlana Gorbatov, James Gosnell, Talora Steen, Avery Vafai, Jose Zeballos, Louis Cardenas, Ashley Berry, John Getchell, Nicholas Quercetti, Daniel I. Sessler, Sabry Ayad, Manal Hassan, Assad Ali, Gauasan Bajracharya, Damien Billow, Michael Bloomfield, Kavita Elliott, Robert Hampton, Linda He, Hooman Honar, Dilara Khoshknabi, Daniel Kim, Paul Minko, Adam Morris, Azfar Niazi, Tara Nutcharoen, Jeffrey Roberts, Partha Saha, Ahmed Salih, Alexis Skolaris, Taylor Stang, Victor Strimbu, Jesse Templeton, Andrew Volio, Jiayi Wang, Kelly Bolkus, Matthew DeAngelis, Gregory Dodson, Jeffrey Gerritsen, Brian McEniry, Ludmil Mitrev, Kwesi Kwofie, Flynn Bonazza, Vera Lloyd, Izabela Panek, Jared Dabiri, Chris Chavez, Jason Craig, Todd Davidson, Chad Dietrichs, Cheryl Fleetwood, Mike Foley, Chris Getto, Susie Hailes, Sarah Hermes, Andy Hooper, Greg Koener, Kate Kohls, Leslie Law, Adam Lipp, Allison Losey, William Nelson, Mario Nieto, Pam Rogers, Steve Rutman, Garrett Scales, Barbara Sebastian, Tom Stanciu, Gregg Lobel, Michelle Giampiccolo, Dara Herman, Margit Kaufman, Bryan Murphy, Clara Pau, Thomas Puzio, Marlene Veselsky, Trevor Stone, Kelly Apostle, Dory Boyer, Brenda Chen Fan, Susan Lee, Mike Lemke, Richard Merchant, Farhad Moola, Kyrsten Payne, Bertrand Perey, Darius Viskontas, Mark Poler, Patricia D'Antonio, Richard Sheppard, Amer Abdullah, Jamie Fish-Fuhrmann, Mark Giska, Christina Fidkowski, Trent Guthrie, William Hakeos, Lillian Hayes, Joseph Hoegler, Katherine Nowak, Robert Hymes, Jeffery Beck, Jaslynn Cuff, Greg Gaski, Sharon Haaser, Michael Holzman, A. Stephen Malekzadeh, Jeff Schulman, Cary Schwartzbach, Frederick Sieber, Tangwan Azefor, Charles Brown, Arman Davani, Mahmood Jaberi, Courtney Masear, Balram Sharma, Syed Basit Haider, Carolyn Chungu, Ali Ebrahimi, Karim Fikry, Kerri Gannon, Andrew Marcantonio, Meredith Pace, David Sanders, Collin Clarke, Abdel Lawendy, Gary Schwartz, Mohit Garg, Joseph Kim, Mitchell Marshall, Juan Caurci, Ekow Commeh, Randy Cuevas, Germaine Cuff, Lola Franco, David Furguiele, Matthew Giuca, Melissa Allman, Omid Barzideh, James Cossaro, Armando D'Arduini, Anita Farhi, Jason Gould, John Kafel, Anuj Patel, Abraham Peller, Hadas Reshef, Mohammed Safur, Fiore Toscano, Tiffany Tedore, Michael Akerman, Eric Brumberger, Sunday Clark, Rachel Friedlander, Anita Jegarl, Joseph Lane, John P. Lyden, Nili Mehta, Matthew T. Murrell, Nathan Painter, William Ricci, Kaitlyn Sbrollini, Rahul Sharma, Peter A.D. Steel, Michele Steinkamp, Roniel Weinberg, David Stephenson Wellman, Antoun Nader, Paul Fitzgerald, Michaela Ritz, Steven Papp, Greg Bryson, Alexandra Craig, Cassandra Farhat, Braden Gammon, Wade Gofton, Nicole Harris, Karl Lalonde, Allan Liew, Bradley Meulenkamp, Kendra Sonnenburg, Eugene Wai, Geoffrey Wilkin, Derek Donegan, Cassandra Dinh, Nabil Elkassabany, Annamarie Horan, Samir Mehta, Karen Troxell, Mary Ellen Alderfer, Jason Brannen, Christopher Cupitt, Stacy Gerhart, Renee McLin, Julie Sheidy, Katherine Yurick, Jeffrey Carson, Fei Chen, Karen Dragert, Geza Kiss, Halina Malveaux, Deborah McCloskey, Scott Mellender, Sagar S. Mungekar, Helaine Noveck, Carlos Sagebien, Barry Perlman, Luat Biby, Gail McKelvy, Anna Richards, Syed Azim, Ramon Abola, Brittney Ayala, Darcy Halper, Ana Mavarez, Stephen Choi, Imad Awad, Brendan Flynn, Patrick Henry, Richard Jenkinson, Lilia Kaustov, Elizabeth Lappin, Paul McHardy, Amara Singh, Ellen Hauck, Joanne Donnelly, Meera Gonzalez, Christopher Haydel, Jon Livelsberger, Theresa Pazionis, Bridget Slattery, Maritza Vazquez-Trejo, Eric Schwenk, Jaime Baratta, Brittany Deiling, Laura Deschamps, Michael Glick, Daniel Katz, James Krieg, Jennifer Lessin, Marc Torjman, Ki Jinn Chin, Rongyu Jin, Mary Jane Salpeter, Mark Powell, Jeffrey Simmons, Prentiss Lawson, Promil Kukreja, Shanna Graves, Adam Sturdivant, Ayesha Bryant, Sandra Joyce Crump, Derek Dillane, Michael Taylor, Michelle Verrier, Richard Applegate, Ana Arias, Natasha Pineiro, Jeffrey Uppington, Phillip Wolinsky, Joshua Sappenfield, Amy Gunnett, Jennifer Hagen, Sara Harris, Kevin Hollen, Brian Holloway, Mary Beth Horodyski, Trevor Pogue, Ramachandran Ramani, Cameron Smith, Anna Woods, Matthew Warrick, Kelly Flynn, Paul Mongan, Yatish Ranganath, Sean Fernholz, Esperanza Ingersoll-Weng, Anil Marian, Melinda Seering, Zita Sibenaller, Lori Stout, Allison Wagner, Alicia Walter, Cynthia Wong, Jay Magaziner, Denise Orwig, Trina Brown, Jim Dattilo, Susan Ellenberg, Rui Feng, Lee Fleisher, Lakisha Gaskins, Maithri Goud, Chris Helker, Lydia Mezenghie, Brittany Montgomery, Peter Preston, Alisa Stephens, J. Sanford Schwartz, Ann Tierney, Ramona Weber, Jacques Chelly, Shiv Goel, Wende Goncz, Touichi Kawabe, Sharad Khetarpal, Kevin King, Frank Kunkel, Charles Luke, Amy Monroe, Vladislav Shick, Anthony Silipo, Caroline Stehle, Katherine Szabo, Sudhakar Yennam, Mark Hoeft, Max Breidenstein, Timothy Dominick, Alexander Friend, Donald Mathews, Richard Lennertz, Helen Akere, Tyler Balweg, Amber Bo, Christopher Doro, David Goodspeed, Gerald Lang, Maggie Parker, Amy Rettammel, Mary Roth, Robert Sanders, Marissa White, Paul Whiting, Brian Allen, Tracie Baker, Debra Craven, Matt McEvoy, Teresa Turnbo, Stephen Kates, Melanie Morgan, Teresa Willoughby, Wade Weigel, David Auyong, Ellie Fox, Tina Welsh, Bruce Cusson, Sean Dobson, Christopher Edwards, Lynette Harris, Daryl Henshaw, Kathleen Johnson, Glen McKinney, Scott Miller, Jon Reynolds, Jimmy Turner, David VanEenenaam, Robert Weller, Shamsuddin Akhtar, Marcelle Blessing, Chanel Johnson, Michael Kampp, Kimberly Kunze, Jinlei Li, Mary O'Connor, and Miriam Treggiari

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Canada, Research Subjects, Patient engagement, Hip fracture surgery, Patient Advocacy, Anesthesia, General, Patient advocacy, Anesthesia, Spinal, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nursing, 030202 anesthesiology, Fracture Fixation, Medicine, Humans, General anaesthesia, Cooperative Behavior, Geriatrics, Hip fracture, business.industry, Hip Fractures, Lived experience, Age Factors, Research process, medicine.disease, United States, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Research Design, Patient Participation, business, Decision Making, Shared
Abstract

Summary Engaging patients—defined broadly as individuals with lived experience of a given condition, family members, caregivers, and the organisations that represent them—as partners in research is a priority for policymakers, funders, and the public. Nonetheless, formal efforts to engage patients are absent from most studies, and models to support meaningful patient engagement in clinical anaesthesia research have not been previously described. Here, we review our experience in developing and implementing a multifaceted patient engagement strategy within the Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence After Hip Fracture (REGAIN) surgery trial, an ongoing randomised trial comparing spinal vs general anaesthesia for hip fracture surgery in 1600 older adults across 45 hospitals in the USA and Canada. This strategy engaged patients and their representatives at both the level of overall trial oversight and at the level of individual recruiting sites. Activities spanned a continuum ranging from events designed to elicit patients' input on key decisions to longitudinal collaborations that empowered patients to actively participate in decision-making related to trial design and management. Engagement activities were highly acceptable to participants and led to concrete changes in the design and conduct of the REGAIN trial. The REGAIN experience offers a model for future efforts to engage patients as partners in clinical anaesthesia research, and highlights potential opportunities for investigators to increase the relevance of anaesthesia studies by incorporating patient voices and perspectives into the research process.

Published
2020

5. Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Vicia faba: A Pilot Study on the Environmental Monitoring of Nanoparticles

Author

LaBethani May, Ashley Berry, Anita K. Patlolla, and Paul B. Tchounwou

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, silver nanoparticles, Silver, Mitotic index, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Meristem, Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoparticle, Pilot Projects, chromosomal aberrations, mitotic index, Vicia faba, genotoxicity, micronucleus, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Article, Silver nanoparticle, Botany, medicine, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromosome Aberrations, Micronucleus Tests, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, Plant cell, Biochemistry, 13. Climate action, Micronucleus test, Micronucleus, Genotoxicity, Mutagens, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in commercial products has increased significantly in recent years. Although there have been some attempts to determine the toxic effects of AgNPs in mammalian and human cell-lines, there is little information on plants which play a vital role in ecosystems. The study reports the use of Vicia faba root-tip meristem to investigate the genotoxicity of AgNPs under modified GENE-TOX test conditions. The root tip cells of V. faba were treated with four different concentrations of engineered AgNPs dispersion to study toxicological endpoints such as mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus induction (MN). For each concentration, five sets of microscopy observations were carried out. The results demonstrated that AgNPs exposure significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and decreased the MI in exposed groups compared to control. From this study we infer that AgNPs might have penetrated the plant system and may have impaired mitosis causing CA and MN. The results of this study demonstrate that AgNPs are genotoxic to plant cells. Since plant assays have been integrated as a genotoxicity component in risk assessment for detection of environmental mutagens, they should be given full consideration when evaluating the overall toxicological impact of the nanoparticles in the environment.

Published
2012
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6. Genotoxicity of Silver Nanoparticles in Vicia faba: A Pilot Study on the Environmental Monitoring of Nanoparticles

Author

Paul B. Tchounwou, Anita K. Patlolla, LaBethani May, and Ashley Berry

Subjects
silver nanoparticles, chromosomal aberrations, genotoxicity, lcsh:R, Vicia faba, food and beverages, micronucleus, lcsh:Medicine, mitotic index
Abstract

The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in commercial products has increased significantly in recent years. Although there have been some attempts to determine the toxic effects of AgNPs in mammalian and human cell-lines, there is little information on plants which play a vital role in ecosystems. The study reports the use of Vicia faba root-tip meristem to investigate the genotoxicity of AgNPs under modified GENE-TOX test conditions. The root tip cells of V. faba were treated with four different concentrations of engineered AgNPs dispersion to study toxicological endpoints such as mitotic index (MI), chromosomal aberrations (CA) and micronucleus induction (MN). For each concentration, five sets of microscopy observations were carried out. The results demonstrated that AgNPs exposure significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, and decreased the MI in exposed groups compared to control. From this study we infer that AgNPs might have penetrated the plant system and may have impaired mitosis causing CA and MN. The results of this study demonstrate that AgNPs are genotoxic to plant cells. Since plant assays have been integrated as a genotoxicity component in risk assessment for detection of environmental mutagens, they should be given full consideration when evaluating the overall toxicological impact of the nanoparticles in the environment.

Published
2012

7. Cardiac Output Determination From Endotracheally Measured Impedance Cardiography: Clinical Evaluation of Endotracheal Cardiac Output Monitor

Author

Emmanuel Guerrero, Bradley Reber, Dalia A. Banks, Timothy M. Maus, Gerard R. Manecke, and Ashley Berry

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cardiac output, medicine.medical_treatment, Thermodilution, Anesthesia, General, Cardiography, Impedance, Diabetes Complications, Monitoring, Intraoperative, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, Intubation, Cardiac Output, Coronary Artery Bypass, Aged, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Pulmonary artery catheter, Middle Aged, Arterial catheter, Cardiac surgery, Impedance cardiography, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Catheterization, Swan-Ganz, Pulmonary artery, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Clinical evaluation, Echocardiography, Transesophageal
Abstract

Objectives To evaluate the accuracy, precision, and trending of a new endotracheally sourced impedance cardiography-based cardiac output (CO) monitor (ECOM; ConMed Corp, Irvine, CA). Setting Two university hospitals. Participants Thirty patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Interventions All patients received a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC), arterial catheter, endotracheal CO monitor (ECOM), endotracheal intubation, and transesophageal echocardiographic monitoring. ECOM CO was compared with CO measured with pulmonary artery thermodilution, and left ventricular CO measured with transesophageal echocardiography. Measurements One hundred forty-five pairs of triplicate CO measurements using intermittent bolus pulmonary artery thermodilution (TD) and ECOM were compared at 5 distinct time points: postinduction, postinduction passive leg raise, poststernotomy, post-CABG completion, and post–chest closure. Eighty-seven pairs of triplicate CO measurements using transesophageal echocardiography were obtained at 3 time points: postinduction, post-CABG completion, and post–chest closure and compared with ECOM- and PA-derived CO measurements. The measurements at each time point were compared by using Bland-Altman and polar plot analyses. Results The mean CO ranged from 2.16 to 9.41 L/min. ECOM CO, compared with TD CO, revealed a bias of 0.02 L/min, 95% limits of agreement of −2.26 to 2.30 L/min, and a percent error of 50%. ECOM CO showed trending with TD CO with 91% and 99% of values within 0.5L/min and 1 L/min limits of agreement, respectively. ECOM CO, compared with TEE CO, revealed a bias of −0.25 L/min, 95% limits of agreement of −2.41 to 1.92 L/min, and a percent error of 48%. ECOM CO showed trending with TEE CO with 83% and 95% of values within 0.5L/min and 1 L/min limits of agreement, respectively. Conclusion ECOM CO shows an acceptable bias with wide limits of agreement and a large percent error when compared with TD CO or TEE CO; however, it shows acceptable trending of CO to both modalities in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Further studies are required to evaluate ECOM in other patient populations and clinical situations.

Published
2011
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