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Background Low birth weight (LBW) newborns especially those Methods This study was a community-based prospective observational study, done over three years from November 2019 to November 2022. This study included 156 pairs of both mothers and LBW babies (weight 1500 to Results Among 400 newborns, 156 LBW babies (39.0%) who were given KMC at home, showed similar but statistically significant improvement of vital parameters, especially in temperature and oxygen saturation(p Conclusion Kangaroo Mother Care, which was continued at home, has a significant role in the Improvement of vital parameters, especially concerning temperature and oxygen saturation. If the babies in the weight range of 1500 to

The element carbon has been used as a source of energy for the past few hundred years, and now in this era of technology, carbon has played a significant and very prominent role in almost all fields of science and technology. The interesting characteristic of carbon is its ability to form many allotropes due to its valency. In recent decades, various allotropes and forms of carbon have been invented, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and graphene. So as an honor to this marvelous element, we humans should know about its various forms of existence. In this present work, we shed light on structural studies of commercially available and self-synthesized carbon nanoparticles. A brief introduction is given to the types, structures, and shapes of the allotropes of carbon for a better understanding. The crystallographic structure of the carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) is investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak profile analysis. The microstructure is characterized based on crystallite size, interplanar spacing, density, strain, and dislocation density. Raman spectroscopy is particularly well studied to characterize the molecular morphology of CNMs.

Background Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder worldwide. Studies on the prevalence of hypothyroidism in different geographical territories of India are sparse. Data on the prevalence of hypothyroidism in India's coal mine areas are lacking. Therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in the adult population living in the coal mine areas of West Bokaro, Jharkhand, India. Methods In total, 1484 individuals of both sexes attending the outpatient department (OPD) of Tata Central Hospital, West Bokaro, Jharkhand, with varied symptoms were screened for thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels from January 2021 to February 2022. The age of the study participants ranged from 15 to 80 years. Results In total, 366 participants had hypothyroidism (subclinical as well as overt). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was greater in women than in men. Among the 366 patients with hypothyroidism, 311 were women and 55 were men, and the ratio was 5.5:1. The percentage of the population having hypothyroidism was 24% in this study, which is higher than that reported in other parts of India; however, our results are similar to those of a study conducted in Assam in 2017. Among patients with high TSH levels, 47%, 25%, and 19% had TSH in the range of 5.6-7.5, 7.6-10.6, and 10.6-20 μU/mL, respectively. Conclusions Subclinical and overt hypothyroidism are common in eastern India. Patients with undiagnosed fatigue and weight gain must be screened for TSH levels. Hypothyroidism is no longer a rarity, and coal mine areas are no exception to this phenomenon. A population‑based epidemiological study of thyroid disorders in coal mine areas is an urgent need.

The present article is proposed to study the structural properties of bismuth-doped zinc ferrite (BixZnFe2-xO4) nanoparticles. The bismuth concentration x varies as 0.03, 0.06, 0.09 and 0.12. Bismuth doped zinc ferrite nanoparticles are synthesized by the hydrothermal method followed by microwave sintering at a relatively low temperature of 800 °C for 30 min. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data substantiate the single-phase spinel structure of the ferrites. The morphology of the sintered ferrite surface is studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. From the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) data the metal oxide vibrational bonds corresponding to octahedral and tetrahedral sites are confirmed. Using the vibrational bond data, the bond lengths and bond angles of cation-cation and cation-anion and elastic constants of the ferrites are estimated. From the UV–Visible spectroscopy, refractive index and dielectric behaviour of the ferrites at the optical frequencies are discussed.

Results of recent experiments reported in the literature with frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) mode of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging are enabling high-resolution, day and night remote sensing of ground terrain. Also, FMCW-based SAR techniques are accepted for ground-based SAR (GB-SAR) instrumentation for early warning of fragile slopes such as in coal mines, avalanche detection. Features of images generated by FMCW SAR sensors need to be calibrated for interpretation purposes as like other forms of microwave imaging. In this paper, we demonstrate a ground-based method to calibrate high-resolution FMCW SAR image features by experimenting with a long railSAR testbed. Signal processing algorithms are derived to support high-resolution SAR image formation according to the requirement of the experiment. Trihedral corner reflectors (CRs) of submeter dimensions are placed on terrains with different normalized radar cross-section (RCS) coefficient (σ0) to measure backscattering properti...

In this letter, we present a subaperture-based processing scheme for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging using frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transmission. An efficient two-stage azimuth subaperture processing scheme is proposed for high-resolution SAR image generation. A new bulk range-cell-migration-correction technique is proposed. The algorithms are validated with point target simulations at the X-band and also using real data samples at the C-band. The results show that subaperture-based processing can be used to image extended ground scenes without mosaicing.

Previous studies have shown underutilization of anticoagulation therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHAA retrospective chart review was performed on all patients with atrial fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc score of 0 in our institution from January 2009 to January 2016. Demographic and clinical data were collected from the electronic medical record. We utilized multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine independent clinical predictors of inappropriate anticoagulation administration.512 patients were identified with a CHAOur study shows that 12% of patients with a CHA

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in FM-CW (frequency modulated continuous wave) technology for military and civilian applications. FM-CW radar altimeters find applications to detect ground proximity during automatic landing in low-visibility condition, collision avoidance systems in vehicles, and ground penetrating radars for buried object detections such as landmines, pipelines, etc. The development of a low-power L-band and X-band FM-CW radar hardware and design of a third order loop filter for the phase locked loop (PLL) is the main focus of this paper. Results of laboratory trial for the calibration of FMCW radar hardware are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of operation at X band

Tomographic principle is now widely known for medical imaging using CT-scan machines. Whereas CT-scan uses absorption tomography by X-rays new areas of applications such as sonar and radar imaging are recently explored for reflection tomography. In this paper, we have shown that same backprojection principle can be utilized for imaging under water objects by sonar and ground objects by inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). Analysis of results of image reconstruction from data collected in experiments are shown in the paper.

Listeriosis is a infectious bacterial disease of domestic and wild animals and humans. A total of 56 faecal samples were collected from mammals and birds at Baroda Zoo, Vadodara, Gujarat State, India. Confirmation of the isolates was based on biochemical tests followed by phenotypic characterization by hemolysis on sheep blood agar, Christie Atkins Munch-Petersen (CAMP) test, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) assay and phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) assay. The isolates were subjected to genotypic characterization with the help of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for five virulence-associated genes, plcA, prfA, hlyA, actA and iap. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were further subjected to multiplex-PCR based serotyping. From 56 samples three (5.36%) were found positive for Listeria spp. of which one (1.79%) was identified as L. monocytogenes and two (3.57%) were identified as L. innocua. The isolate of L. monocytogenes was hemolytic, CAMP positive, PI-PLC positive, hlyA, pclA and prfA positive by PCR and turned out to be PC-PLC positive and was serotyped as 4b.

In the 1990s, there were increased incidences of fungal infectious diseases in human population which might be due to increase in immunosuppressive diseases. But the major concern was increase in prevalence of resistance to antifungal drugs which were reported both in the fungal isolates of human beings and that of animal origin. In both animals and human beings, resistance to antimicrobial agents has important implications for morbidity, mortality and health care costs, because resistant strains are responsible for bulk of infection in animals and human beings, and large number of antimicrobial classes offers more diverse range of resistance mechanisms to study and resistance determinants move into standard well-characterized strains that facilitates the detailed study of molecular mechanisms of resistance in microorganisms. Studies on resistance to antifungal agents has been lagging behind that of antibacterial resistance for several reasons, the foremost reason might be fungal agents were not recognized as important animal and human pathogens, until relatively in recent past. But the initial studies of antifungal drug resistance in the early 1980s, have accumulated a wealth of knowledge concerning the clinical, biochemical, and genetic aspects of this phenomenon. Presently, exploration of the molecular aspects for antifungal drug resistance has been undertaken. Recently, the focus was on several points like developing a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, improved methods to detect resistance when it occurs, methods to prevent the emergence and spread of resistance and new antimicrobial options for the treatment of infections caused by resistant organisms. [Vet. World 2009; 2(5.000): 204-207]

Twenty two isolates of Pasteurella multocida were obtained from different tissues of dead birds and animals (cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goat) suspected of fowl cholera and haemorrhagic septicaemia. The isolates were confirmed as P. multocida by various biochemical tests and PM PCR. An attempt was made to standardize Loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) using newly designed primer sequences of KMT1 gene. Loop mediated isothermal amplification was conducted using 6 sets of primers at 65°C for 30 minutes and the result was confirmed by visual observation using SYBR green fluorescence dye as marker of positive reaction under UV transilluminator. On electrophoretic analysis of the products on 2% agarose gel, a ladder like pattern was observed, which suggested a positive amplification, whereas no amplification was observed in negative controls. Additionally, product of positive reaction yielded a green fluorescence following addition of SYBR green under UV transilluminator. It was observed that LAMP is a more sensitive test than polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as the former could detect DNA to lower limit of 22.8 pg/µl, while the latter could detect DNA to lower limit of 2.28 ng/ µl, thus LAMP could detect 100 times lesser concentration of DNA in comparison to PCR. Loop mediated isothermal amplification is a rather newer molecular technique, which can be used for rapid detection of infectious agent at field level and which does not require sophisticated instrument, i.e. thermal cycler. Furthermore, unlike the conventional PCR technique, LAMP requires lesser time to perform and result can be read visually.

Results of recent international experiments to produce low cost high resolution imaging radars by utilizing FMCW mode of transmission are very encouraging. In this paper, we report the calibration work done in India to demonstrate high resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) by frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) processing at X-band. We devise a railSAR experiment from rooftop of a building to calibrate the synthetic aperture length on ground. We measure the high azimuth resolution produced by processing the ground backscattering in two dimensions. Calibration results are tested by imaging trihedral corner reflectors of 50cm and 25cm in size and the resultant SAR images are produced in the paper.

The solubility of uric acid kidney stones has been studied in water solutions containing ammonium ions, alkaline ions and alkaline earth metals. It was shown that the solubility of uric acid stones depends on the concentration of these cations. The shape of the dependence curve of uric acid stone solubility in solutions containing cations of ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium has an extreme character. It was shown that a maximal balanced solubility of stones occurs in solutions in which the concentrations and ratios of the cations concentrations are equal to their ‘normal’ value in the urine of healthy persons. The solubility dependence of stones on ammonium ions does not show any extreme and is well approximated with the exponent. Correlation analysis of the above-mentioned cations and also of total protein in urine was carried out in healthy people and patients with uric acid stones. The relationship was determined between the concentrations of cations and total protein in urine, and the formation of uric acid stones in human kidneys.

A total of 168 samples (bone marrow, lung tissue, liver and blood clot) were collected from 42 dead emus suspected to have died from fowl cholera. Samples were subjected for cultural isolation on blood agar. Of these, a total of 22 isolates of Pasteurella spp. were isolated and characterized biochemically and identified as P. multocida by PCR. Isolates were later tested for capsular type by multiplex PCR assay and all were found to be of capsular type A. This is the first report on the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of P. multocida from emu in the state of Gujarat, India. This study has revealed that emus are also susceptible to P. multocida (fowl cholera) and can act as a potential carrier of the organism., Ukupno je 168 uzoraka (koštane srži, tkiva plućiju, jetre i krvnih ugrušaka) bilo prikupljeno od 42 emua uginula pod sumnjom na koleru peradi. Uzorci su bili nacijepljeni na krvni agar. Ukupno su bila izdvojena 22 izolata Pasteurella spp. te su biokemijski i lančanom reakcijom polimerazom identificirani kao vrsta P. multocida. Izolati su zatim bili pretraženi na kapsulni tip višestrukom lančanom reakcijom polimerazom te je ustanovljeno da su svi pripadali kapsulnom tipu A. Ovo je prvo izvješće o izdvajanju, identifikaciji i molekularnoj karakterizaciji vrste P. multocida izdvojenoj iz emua u državi Gujarat u Indiji. Istraživanje je pokazalo da je i emu prijemljiv na infekciju vrstom P. multocida, uzročnikom kolere peradi te može biti njezin kliconoša.

Using the materials of more than 200 scientific papers of recent years inthis review it has been carried out analysis of the effectivness and alsodiscussed the merits and demerits of various methods of treatment ofurinary stone diseases (USD). With this puprose, for the first time it hasbeen carried out analysis of treatment quality of USD using more importantquantitative parameters of treatment efficacy: 1 – percentage of ``stonefree''; 2 – percentage of recurrent stone formation. It has been emphasizedon the higher effectiveness of treatment in combination of the method ofESWL with the methods of ascending litholysis. It was shown that in orderto solve problems such as etiology and pathogenesis of the disease,elaboration of quantitative risk factors of the disease, and search foreffective measures on pro- and metaphylaxis of USD, and also elaborationof various (including therapeutics) medium and methods for complete andrapid evacuation of stones, it is needed to carry out intensivelyfundamental and applied researches in the field of urinary stone diseases.

A total of 358 samples [nasal discharges (215), lung tissue (6), pleural fluid (4), joint fluid (5), milk (60), preputial swabs (22), conjunctival swabs (16), ear swabs (5) and vaginal discharges (25)] were subjected for cultural isolation on MBHS-L and MBHS-A media. Of these, a total of 30 isolates (8.35 %) of Mycoplasma species, (20 from nasal discharges, 4 from lung tissue, 2 from pleural fluid, 3 from milk and 1 from joint fluid) were isolated and characterized biochemically and identified as M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum by PCR and PCR-RFLP. The isolates were identified as the Mycoplasma species by their cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics and this was further confirmed by PCR and PCR-RFLP using different cluster, group and species specific primer pairs and by restriction enzyme respectively. This is a rare report on the isolation, identification and molecular characterization of goat Mycoplasma species in Western India. These studies have revealed a high prevalence of Mycoplasma species infection in Western India., Ukupno je 358 uzoraka različitog materijala koza bilo nacijepljeno na hranjive podloge MBHS-L and MBHS-A radi izdvajanja mikoplazama. Pretraženo je bilo 215 uzoraka nosnog iscjetka, šest uzoraka plućnog tkiva, četiri uzorka pleuralne tekućine, pet uzoraka zglobne tekućine, 60 uzoraka mlijeka, 22 uzorka prepucijskog ispirka, 16 uzoraka obriska očne spojnice, pet uzoraka obriska uške i 25 uzoraka vaginalnog iscjetka. Mikoplazme su bile izdvojene iz 30 (8,35%) uzoraka, od čega iz 20 uzoraka nosnog iscjetka, četiri uzorka plućnog tkiva, dva pleuralne tekućine, tri uzorka mlijeka i jednog uzorka zglobne tekućine. Izolati su bili identificirani kao M. mycoides subsp. capri i M. capricolum subsp. capricolum i to na osnovi kulturalnih, morfoloških i biokemijskih svojstava te dodatne potvrde lančanom reakcijom polimerazom i PCR-RFLP rabeći različite skupine specifičnih početnica i restrikcijskih enzima. Ovo je rijetko izvješće o izdvajanju, identifikaciji i molekularnim svojstvima mikoplazama u Zapadnoj Indiji, koje ujedno pokazuje da je na tom području velika učestalost mikoplazmalnih zaraza u koza.

(1991). Race and the Figures of History M Naipaul's an Area of Darkness. Critique: Studies in Contemporary Fiction: Vol. 32, No. 4, pp. 235-257.

Isolates (49) of Escherichia coli were isolated from 100 samples of mutton collected from dressed sheep carcasses by excision method. The isolates were typed into 12 different ‘O’ serogroups. The most frequent serovar isolated was O101, followed by O152, O76, O23, O139, O88, O110, O126, O8, O9, O15 and O133; two isolates were untypable while one was rough. All the isolates of Escherichia coli were screened for the presence of VT1, VT2, LT and ST genes by PCR and in vitro antibiotic resistance pattern. Nine (60.0%) and six (40.0%) isolates were found positive for VT1 and VT2 genes, respectively. Five (33.33%) were found positive for both the VT1 and VT2 genes. Four (26.67%) isolates were positive for LT gene, whereas only one (6.67%) isolate was found positive for ST gene. The percentage of isolates resistant to antibacterial agents was recorded as follows: sulphadiazine (93.33%), cephaloridine (80.00%), cephalexin (33.33%), penicillin G, ceftiofur and norfloxacin, carbenicillin and enrofloxacin (26.67% each), and oxytetracycline and amoxycillin (20.00% each)., Ukupno je 49 izolata bakterije Escherichia coli bilo izdvojeno iz 100 uzoraka mesa uzetih ekscizijom iz obrađenih ovčjih trupova. Izolati su bili tipizirani i svrstani u 12 različitih seroloških skupina O. Najčešće je bio izdvojen serovar O101, a zatim serovarovi O152, O76, O23, O139, O88, O110, O126, O8, O9, O15 i O133. Dva izolata ostala su netipizirana, a jedan je bio s hrapavim kolonijama. Svi su izolati bili pretraženi lančanom reakcijom polimerazom na prisutnost gena VT1, VT2, LT i ST te im je in vitro određena osjetljivost prema antimikrobnim tvarima. Devet (60,0%) izolata bilo je pozitivno za gen VT1, a šest (40,0%) za VT2. Pet (33,33%) ih je bilo pozitivnih za oba gena, VT1 i VT2. Četiri izolata (26,67%) bila su pozitivna za gen LT, dok je samo jedan (6,67%) bio pozitivan za gen ST. Na sulfadiazin je bilo otporno 93,33% izolata, na cefaloridin 80,00%, na cefaleksin 33,33%, na penicilin G, ceftiofur, norfloksacin, karbenicilin i enrofloksacin 26,67% te na oksitetraciklin i amoksicilin 20,00% izolata

Aim: To know the prevalence of gram positive isolates and their virulence genes obtained from respiratory tract of apparently healthy as well as sick goats. Material and Methods: Nasal swabs and tissue samples were screened for the presence of microbial pathogens by cultural isolation, biochemical confirmation. Further, these isolates were subjected to the virulence gene detection by PCR. Results: Out of 144 isolates, 57 isolates of gram positive pathogens were obtained and confirmed as Staphylococcus spp. (43 isolates) and Streptococcus spp. (14 isolates) on the basis of Gram staining, morphology, cultural identification and biochemical characters. Five isolates (11.6%) were found to be positive for Coagulase gene; 11 isolates (25.6%) were found to be positive for clfA gene; and 14 isolates (32.6%) were found to be positive for Spa gene. Conclusion: The presence of these genes confirmed the pathogenic potential of gram positive pathogens and their association with clinical manifestations in respiratory tract infections of goats. [Vet World 2012; 5(11.000): 676-681]

LONG AFTER T. S. ELIOT'S canonical assessment of it as a classic detective tale, Wilkie Collins's The Moonstone has recently begun a new career as an anti-imperialist text.' Although germane to the recent interest in colonial discourse, this proposition embraces a mystic symbolism which the novel's more "modern" semiotic energy convincingly dismantles. Indeed, by its special, detective programming of conventional ruptures like inside/outside, domestic/alien, sacred/profane, or familiar/uncanny in the intersection of its Indian and English plots, The Moonstone produces a mythos entirely consonant with arguments for empire.2 Better than the more workmanlike myth of colonial enterprise Robinson Crusoe, from which it takes large comfort, Collins's novel brings together a semiotic repertoire that demonstrates the structural cohesion the imperial imagination aimed at but could never quite achieve when challenged on issues of morality and reason. A cryptic version of this cohesion lodged in Collins's Preface echoes the imperialist project's vigilance against the naive hindsight that would pit the rapacious foreign exploiter cast as self against the innocent exploited other. In fact, as in the impeachment of Warren Hastings, the architects of empire openly dismantled such oppositions when the need arose. The political discourse of empire needed to emblazon itself with imaginative justifications under the cultural rubric of reason. And that implied the willing or unwilling