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Initial Public Offerings (IPOs) provide great opportunities for companies to grow and expand, and they allow investors to invest their money wisely to get a decent Return on Investment (ROI) in the short term. Nevertheless, the intricate nature of the stock market is susceptible to several influences such as a company's financial statement, governmental regulations, and public sentiment, which hinders the attainment of a satisfactory ROI. This study aims to address this challenge by developing a model that combines public sentiment analysis and machine learning approaches to optimize the ROI for IPO trends. The study gives a novel approach that uses multiple different features associated with IPOs like the public opinion, grey market price (GMP), issue prices, lot size etc. and leverages the use of various machine learning techniques like Random Forest, Decision Tree, Naive Bayes, and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) to make well-informed investment recommendations. The testing results demonstrate that the Decision Tree method surpasses the other algorithms, with an accuracy rate of 82.3%. This discovery emphasizes the effectiveness of our method in forecasting the success of IPOs by utilizing a combination of sentiment analysis and crucial financial indicators.

Blueberries, which belong to the Vaccinium spp. Genus, have attracted considerable interest because of their abundant phytochemical composition and potential for medicinal uses. The present study examines the many phytochemicals found in blueberries, such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and stilbenes, as well as their biological activities contributing to the health benefits of blueberries. Anthocyanins, the primary pigments that give blueberries their unique color, are renowned for their powerful antioxidant capabilities. These substances counteract oxidative stress by neutralizing free radicals, decreasing the likelihood of developing chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, the presence of flavonoids and phenolic acids in blueberries contributes to their ability to reduce inflammation, prevent cancer, and protect the brain, improving their potential for therapeutic use. This study delves into the bioavailability and metabolism of these phytochemicals, specifically examining the impact of factors like food composition, gut microorganisms, and individual metabolic variations on their effectiveness. Both clinical and preclinical studies provide strong evidence for the beneficial effects of blueberries on multiple health factors, such as enhanced cognitive function, lowered blood pressure, and improved insulin sensitivity. These findings suggest that blueberries may play a significant role in managing conditions like Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, and diabetes. Moreover, this study examines the synergistic impacts of blueberry phytochemicals, suggesting that the health advantages of blueberries arise not alone from individual substances but also from their collective interactions. Proposed future study areas include the advancement of functional foods and nutraceuticals derived from blueberries, as well as the need for standardized clinical studies to determine appropriate dose guidelines and ensure long-term safety. Overall, the significant variety of phytochemicals in blueberries and their potential for therapeutic use make them a promising functional food. Further research into these substances' mechanisms of action and therapeutic uses will clarify their function in enhancing human health and avoiding illness.

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) represents a sophisticated communication network between the brain and the gut, involving immunological, endocrinological, and neural mediators. This bidirectional interaction is facilitated through the vagus nerve, sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers, and is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Evidence shows that alterations in gut microbiota composition, or dysbiosis, significantly impact neurological disorders (NDs) like anxiety, depression, autism, Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dysbiosis can affect the central nervous system (CNS) via neuroinflammation and microglial activation, highlighting the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in disease pathogenesis. The microbiota influences the immune system by modulating chemokines and cytokines, impacting neuronal health. Synbiotics have shown promise in treating NDs by enhancing cognitive function and reducing inflammation. The gut microbiota's role in producing neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), is critical for CNS homeostasis. Therapeutic interventions targeting the MGBA, including dietary modulation and synbiotic supplementation, offer potential benefits for managing neurodegenerative disorders. However, more in-depth clinical studies are necessary to fully understand and harness the therapeutic potential of the MGBA in neurological health and disease.

A significant obstacle to treating cancer is multidrug resistance (MDR), which is the capacity of cancerous cells to develop resistance to both traditional and cutting-edge chemotherapeutic treatments. Following the initial discovery that cellular pumps reliant on ATP were the root of chemotherapy resistance, more research has revealed the involvement of additional mechanisms, including increased drug metabolism, reduced drug entry, and compromised apoptotic pathways. Numerous projects have focused on MDR, and innumerable research has been conducted to better understand MDR and develop methods to mitigate its consequences. Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a key challenge in treating cancer. 90% of cancer-related fatalities are brought on by tumor metastasis and recurrence, which is possible with MDR. Drug resistance in cancerous cells is influenced by diverse internal and extrinsic variables, including genetic and epigenetic changes, drug efflux systems, DNA repair mechanisms, apoptosis, and autophagy. In this review paper, we list the potential hazards associated with cancer therapy in general, primarily multidrug resistance developing a theory for colorectal cancer in particular. We discussed the unique instance of multidrug resistance in colorectal cancer in malignancies generally and 5-fluorouracil, curcumin, and lipids as viable therapy options for the condition. The use of nanotechnology (mainly nanoparticles) has facilitated better in vitro as well as in vivo efficacy during preclinical phases, summarized below, allowing for a more thorough investigation of colorectal cancers and pancreatic carcinomas with their translation to following clinical trials.

The synthesis process of nanoparticles profoundly influences the chemical and physical properties of materials. Green synthesis, utilizing plant extracts as precursor materials, presents an environmentally friendly approach for producing metal oxide nanoparticles. In this study, we synthesized copper-doped nickel cobaltite (Ni1-xCuxCo2O4, x = 0.5) nanoparticles via a green synthesis method employing aloe vera leaf extract. Analysis of the XRD pattern revealed the formation of cubic spinel Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoparticles well-crystalline in nature (space group: Fd-3 m), free from secondary impurity phases. Crystalline size, determined using Debye Scherrer, modified Scherrer, and Williamson-Hall models, yielded values of ∼ 27 nm, ∼ 35 nm, and ∼ 62 nm, respectively. Dielectric studies conducted at room temperature revealed a frequency-dependent increase in dielectric constant. At lower frequencies, tangent loss (tan δ) showed higher values, which gradually decreased as frequency increased. Additionally, the AC conductivity demonstrated a significant increase with higher external field frequencies.

In this study, we investigated the structural and dielectric properties of nickel cobaltite (NiCo2O4) synthesized via low temperature sol-gel auto combustion method. From the analysis of the XRD pattern of nickel cobaltite samples, we observed that the synthesized samples were pure and exhibited the Fd3m space group, which corresponds to a face-centered cubic crystalline structure. The average d-spacing calculated using Bragg's law measured 2.37 Å. Furthermore, Debye-Scherrer's formula was used to calculate the average particle size, which was found to be 26.80 nm. The dielectric properties of nickel cobaltite were successfully investigated at room temperature. We observed a higher value of dielectric constant at lower frequency (> 3 Hz). As the frequency increased, the dielectric constant rapidly decreased. The Cole-Cole plot of impedance also confirmed the presence of grain boundaries.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the everyday livelihood of people has been monumental and unparalleled. Although the pandemic has vastly affected the global healthcare system, it has also been a platform to promote and develop pioneering applications based on autonomic artificial intelligence (AI) technology with therapeutic significance in combating the pandemic. Artificial intelligence has successfully demonstrated that it can reduce the probability of human-to-human infectivity of the virus through evaluation, analysis, and triangulation of existing data on the infectivity and spread of the virus. This review talks about the applications and significance of modern robotic and automated systems that may assist in spreading a pandemic. In addition, this study discusses intelligent wearable devices and how they could be helpful throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Abstract Background Cancer treatment is still a global health challenge. Nowadays, chemotherapy is widely applied for treating cancer and reducing its burden. However, its application might be in accordance with various adverse effects by exposing the healthy tissues and multidrug resistance (MDR), leading to disease relapse or metastasis. In addition, due to tumor heterogeneity and the varied pharmacokinetic features of prescribed drugs, combination therapy has only shown modestly improved results in MDR malignancies. Nanotechnology has been explored as a potential tool for cancer treatment, due to the efficiency of nanoparticles to function as a vehicle for drug delivery. Methods With this viewpoint, functionalized nanosystems have been investigated as a potential strategy to overcome drug resistance. Results This approach aims to improve the efficacy of anticancer medicines while decreasing their associated side effects through a range of mechanisms, such as bypassing drug efflux, controlling drug release, and disrupting metabolism. This review discusses the MDR mechanisms contributing to therapeutic failure, the most cutting‐edge approaches used in nanomedicine to create and assess nanocarriers, and designed nanomedicine to counteract MDR with emphasis on recent developments, their potential, and limitations. Conclusions Studies have shown that nanoparticle‐mediated drug delivery confers distinct benefits over traditional pharmaceuticals, including improved biocompatibility, stability, permeability, retention effect, and targeting capabilities.

Abstract Background Magnesium (Mg) has gained much importance recently because of its unique range of biological functions. It is one of the most significant micronutrients in biological systems. This review aims to outline the immune-regulating actions of Mg and its crucial role in regulating inflammation and immune response to infectious agents and malignancies. Methods We conducted a literature review on MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science to determine the impact of Mg on immune regulation in three settings of inflammation, infection, and cancer. We thoroughly examined all abstracts and full-text articles and selected the most relevant ones for inclusion in this review. Results Mg has long been associated with immunological responses, both nonspecific and specific. It plays a pivotal role in diverse immune responses by participating in multiple mechanisms. It facilitates substance P binding to lymphoblasts, promotes T helper, B cell, and macrophage responses to lymphokines, and facilitates antibody-dependent cytolysis and immune cell adherence. Besides, Mg serves as a cofactor for C'3 convertase and immunoglobulin synthesis. It additionally boasts a significant anti-cancer effect. Chronic Mg deficiency leads to enhanced baseline inflammation associated with oxidative stress, related to various age-associated morbidities. A deficiency of Mg in rodents has been observed to impact the cell-mediated immunity and synthesis of IgG adversely. This deficiency can lead to various complications, such as lymphoma, histaminosis, hypereosinophilia, increased levels of IgE, and atrophy of the thymus. The immunological consequences of Mg deficiency in humans can be influenced by the genetic regulation of Mg levels in blood cells. Mg can also mediate cell cycle progression. There has been a renewed interest in the physiology and therapeutic efficacy of Mg. However, the in-depth mechanisms, their clinical significance, and their importance in malignancies and inflammatory disorders still need to be clarified. Conclusions Mg is essential for optimal immune function and regulating inflammation. Deficiency in Mg can lead to temporary or long-term immune dysfunction. A balanced diet usually provides sufficient Mg, but supplementation may be necessary in some cases. Excessive supplementation can have negative impacts on immune function and should be avoided. This review provides an update on the importance of Mg in an immune response against cancer cells and infectious agents and how it regulates inflammation, oxidative stress, cell progression, differentiation, and apoptosis.

Abstract There is currently substantial interest in commercializing perovskite solar cells as they offer superior properties over silicon-based solar cells, such as ability for bandgap tuning, higher absorption coefficients, and potentially lower manufacturing costs. However, trap states originating from ionic vacancies, imperfect interfaces, and grain boundaries have hampered their performance and long-term stability during operation. Identifying and quantifying defects in perovskite solar cells becomes inevitable to address these challenges and mitigate the deteriorating effects of these defects. This Review focuses on recent developments in optical and electrical characterization techniques employed for the investigation of defects in halide perovskites and the techniques to understand ion migration in devices. We focus on sample preparation, advantages, limitations, and the nature of information obtained from each of the spectroscopic techniques. This Review will enable the researchers to understand and identify suitable characterization techniques for characterizing defect concentrations and their energetic and spatial distribution in perovskite solar cells.

Ocular drug delivery presents a unique set of challenges owing to the complex anatomy and physiology of the eye. Processed excipients have emerged as crucial components in overcoming these challenges and improving the efficacy and safety of ocular drug delivery systems. This comprehensive overview examines the opportunities that processed excipients offer in enhancing drug delivery to the eye. By analyzing the current landscape, this review highlights the successful applications of processed excipients, such as micro- and nano-formulations, sustained-release systems, and targeted delivery strategies. Furthermore, this article delves into the bottlenecks that have impeded the widespread adoption of these excipients, including formulation stability, biocompatibility, regulatory constraints, and cost-effectiveness. Through a critical evaluation of existing research and industry practices, this review aims to provide insights into the potential avenues for innovation and development in ocular drug delivery, with a focus on addressing the existing challenges associated with processed excipients. This synthesis contributes to a deeper understanding of the promising role of processed excipients in improving ocular drug delivery systems and encourages further research and development in this rapidly evolving field.

In this report, the synthesis and characterization of ZnO and carbon nanotube (CNT) embedded ZnO composite thin films are presented. The obtained ZnO and CNT composite ZnO thin films are used as an electron transport layer (ETL) for bulk heterojunction (BHJ) inverted organic solar cell (IOSC) with the architecture of ITO/ZnO:CNT/PTB7:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag. Both ZnO and CNT composite ZnO thin films exhibited a highly preferred c-axis oriented (002) diffraction peak and the peak position is shifted toward a lower angle after embedding CNT into the ZnO matrix. The transmittance slightly decreases after CNT is embedded into the ZnO matrix. Completely wrapped CNT with the ZnO was confirmed by Scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement. The resistivity of ZnO decreased from 2.02 × 10−2 to 5.61 × 10−3 Ω-cm and mobility increased from 4.30 to 15.24 cm2/V-s after adding CNT into the ZnO matrix. CNT composite ZnO thin film surface is found to be hydrophobic, providing good interfacial contact with the BHJ layer resulting to improve fill factor (FF) of IOSC. The performance of IOSC with CNT composite ZnO ETL layer was significantly improved with a power conversion efficiency of 6.76%, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 700 mV, short circuit current density (JSC) of 20.05 mA/cm2 and FF of 48.17%, respectively.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is presently considered a multifactorial pathology, which may lead to persistent inflammatory action of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) because of an improperly managed immunological reactivity to the intestinal microbiota found in the GIT. The immune response to common commensal microbes plays an essential role in intestinal inflammation related to UC synbiotics, and it is an important element in the optimal therapy of UC. Therefore, synbiotics, i.e., a mixture of prebiotics and probiotics, may help control the diseased state. Synbiotics alleviate the inflammation of the colon by lowering the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Prebiotic supplementation is not a common practice at the moment, despite numerous research findings proving that the benefits of both probiotics and prebiotics encourage their continued existence and positioning in the GIT, with positive effects on human health by managing the inflammatory response. However, the fact that there have been fewer studies on the treatment of UC with different probiotics coupled with selected prebiotics, i.e., synbiotics, and the outcomes of these studies have been very favorable. This evidence-based study explores the possible role of ROS, SOD, and synbiotics in managing the UC. The proposed review also focuses on the role of alteration of gut microbiota, antioxidant defense in the gastrointestinal tract, and the management of UC. Thus, the current article emphasizes oxidative stress signaling in the GI tract, oxidative stress-based pathomechanisms in UC patients, and UC therapies inhibiting oxidative stress’ effects.

The transport of fluids in nanometer and Angstrom-sized pores has gotten much attention because of its potential uses in nanotechnology, energy storage, and healthcare sectors. Understanding the distinct material properties of fluids in such close confinement is critical for enhancing their performance in various applications. These properties dictate the fluid’s behavior and play a crucial role in determining flow dynamics, transport processes, and, ultimately, the performance of nanoscale devices. Remarkably, many researchers observed that the size of the geometry, such as the diameter of the confining nanotube, exerts a profound and intriguing influence on the material properties of nanoconfined fluids, including on the critical parameters such as density, viscosity, and slip length. Many researchers tried to model these material properties: viscosity η , density ρ , and slip λ using various models with many dependencies on the tube diameter. It is somewhat confusing and tough to decide which model is appropriate and needs to be incorporated in the numerical simulation. In this paper, we tried to propose a simple single equation for each nano confined material property such as for density $\rho {(D)/{\rho }_{o}=a+b/(D-c)}^{n}$ , viscosity $\eta {(D)/{\eta }_{o}=a+b/(D-c)}^{n}$ , and the slip length λ ( D ) = λ _1 D e ^− ^n ^D + λ _o (where a , b , c , n , λ _1 , λ _o are the free fitting parameters). We model a wealth of previous experimental and MD simulation data from the literature using our proposed model for each material property of nanoconfined fluids at the nanometer and Angstrom scales. Our single proposed equation effectively captures and models all the data, even though many different models have been employed in the existing literature to describe the same material property. Our proposed model exhibits exceptional agreement with multiple independent datasets from the experimental observations and molecular dynamics simulations. Additionally, the model possesses the advantageous properties of continuity and a continuous derivative, so the proposed model is well-suited for integration into numerical simulations. Further, the proposed models also obey the far boundary conditions, i.e., when tube diameter D ⟹ ∞, the material properties tend to the bulk properties of the fluid. Due to the models’ simplicity, smooth, and generic nature, this heuristic model holds promise to apply in simulations to design and optimize nanoscale devices.

Introduction: The fracture of shaft of the tibia is the most common long bone fracture. The treatment goal for shaft tibial fracture is to achieve union with correction of both axial and rotational alignment and, maintain initial fracture length. Higher malunion rates are seen in fractures of the proximal and distal 1/3rd of the shaft of the tibia. However, Intramedullary (IM) nailing is the preferred choice of operative management of diaphyseal fractures of the lower limb. Aim: To evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of IM nail supplemented with Poller screws for proximal and distal 1/3rd shaft tibial fractures. Materials and Methods: A prospective, interventional study was conducted in the Government Medical College, Patiala, Punjab, India from May 2020 to November 2021. A total of 30 fracture patients in the age group of 18 to 60 years were included in the study. All the subjects were treated with IM nail supplemented with Poller screws for proximal and distal 1/3rd shaft tibial fractures. Twenty cases were closed fractures and 10 were open (grade I or II according to Gustilo Anderson’s classification of compound tibia fracture). Patients were followed-up at 3 weeks, then 6 weekly till union. Patients were evaluated by Karlström-Olerud’s functional evaluation criteria.The data was statistically analysed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 23.0. Results: The mean time of fracture union was 17.33±2.59 weeks with a maximum (n=19) patients in ≤15 weeks, followed by 15-20 weeks (n=10) and only one patient had delayed union (>20 weeks). According to Karlström-Olerud’s functional evaluation scale 18 (60%) patients had excellent outcome followed by good outcome in 8 (26.7%) patients, while 2 (6.7%) patients had satisfactory and 2 (6.7%) patients moderate outcomes. The total mean varus/valgus deformity preoperatively was 10.17±4.15° while postoperatively it was 1.63±2.3°. The total mean antecurvatum/recurvatum deformity preoperatively was 6.47±5.906° while postoperatively it was 0.20±0.61°. Postoperative complications were observed such as shortening of the leg (n=2), movement loss in the ankle (n=4), movement loss in the knees (n=3), muscle wasting (n=6) and subtalar movement loss (n=6). One patient had a superficial skin infection (oozing of purulent discharge from distal locking skin suture site), which was treated with prolonged antibiotics. Conclusion: Poller screws were found to be effective in achieving fracture alignment and hence, serve as a effective fracture reduction tool. Also helps to maintain the fracture aligned until it healed, preventing the loss of the initial reduction.

Breast cancer is a challenging health issue in women and the second-leading cause of mortality around world. In this review, we addressed beneficial role of siRNA to control breast cancer. Various limitations of siRNA based therapeutic approaches, innate challenges siRNA delivery, in vitro and in vivo findings have been highlighted to focus recent advancement to control breast cancer. The current approaches and comparative assessment against conventional chemotherapeutics methods have been thoroughly investigated for the conclusive outcomes. Various nanocomposites and nanomedicines with or without surface functionalization have played a major role for convincing impact of siRNA delivery for anticipated therapeutic efficacy by stabilization and protecting bio-active siRNA in in-vitro and in-vivo condition. Various targeted genes for siRNA knockdown were reported to control breast cancer by tuning its biological performance in nanocarrier systems. Conclusively, siRNA loaded nanocarriers are promising option to control breast cancer compared to conventional (druggable) and mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) based therapy.

Cancer is a complex and multifaceted group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. While cancer can be challenging and life-altering, advances in research and development have led to the identification of new promising anti-cancer targets. Telomerase is one such target that is overexpressed in almost all cancer cells and plays a critical role in maintaining telomere length, which is essential for cell proliferation and survival. Inhibiting telomerase activity can lead to telomere shortening and eventual cell death, thus presenting itself as a potential target for cancer therapy. Naturally occurring flavonoids are a class of compounds that have already been shown to possess different biological properties, including the anti-cancer property. They are present in various everyday food sources and richly present in fruits, nuts, soybeans, vegetables, tea, wine, and berries, to name a few. Thus, these flavonoids could inhibit or deactivate telomerase expression in cancer cells by different mechanisms, which include inhibiting the expression of hTERT, mRNA, protein, and nuclear translocation, inhibiting the binding of transcription factors to hTERT promoters, and even telomere shortening. Numerous cell line studies and in vivo experiments have supported this hypothesis, and this development could serve as a vital and innovative therapeutic option for cancer. In this light, we aim to elucidate the role of telomerase as a potential anti-cancer target. Subsequently, we have illustrated that how commonly found natural flavonoids demonstrate their anti-cancer activity via telomerase inactivation in different cancer types, thus proving the potential of these naturally occurring flavonoids as useful therapeutic agents.

Introduction: Recent literature identifies similar failure rates such as anchor pull-out and rod breakage, but a higher unplanned revision surgery with MAGEC rods than with traditional growth rods. Besides known failure modes such as rod fracture, infection, etc., failure to noninvasively distract the rods was cited as the main cause of such unplanned surgeries. The source of these data ranges from multicenter cohort studies to singular case series. These studies included explanted implants that had undergone failure in distraction mechanism, rod fracture, or infection, or had reached their maximum length. Nevertheless, in addition to identifying the overall mode of failure, it is equally important to identify the large-scale incidence of exclusive failures in comparison with standard instrumentation failure modes in spine surgery. Methods: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience (MAUDE) databases were searched for reports on MAGEC rods, and on standard instrumentation used for spinal fusion. The adverse events were recorded, tabulated, and analyzed. Results: A search of the US FDA MAUDE database yielded reports of 163 device-related adverse events. These included distraction mechanism failure (n=129), rod fracture (n=24), and minor voluntary reports of infection and tissue discoloration (n=10). For standard instrumentation usage in spine surgery, pedicle screw breakage post surgery (n=336), set screw damage during surgery (n=257), rod breakage post surgery (n=175), interbody cage breakage during surgery (n=118), and pedicle screw breakage during surgery (n=75) were identified as the top 5 failure modes. Conclusions: The study identified the distraction mechanism failure as the most common and growing complication associated with MAGEC rod usage in children with scoliosis, leading to unplanned invasive revision surgeries.

Several researchers observed a significant increase in water flow through graphene-based nanocapillaries. As graphene sheets are flexible (Wang and Shi 2015 Energy Environ. Sci. 8 790–823), we represent nanocapillaries with a deformable channel-wall model by using the small displacement structural-mechanics and perturbation theory presented by Gervais et al (2006 Lab Chip 6 500–7), and Christov et al (2018 J. Fluid Mech. 841 267–86), respectively. We assume the lubrication assumption in the shallow nanochannels, and using the microstructure of confined water along with slip at the capillary boundaries and disjoining pressure (Neek-Amal et al 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 083101), we derive the model for deformable nanochannels. Our derived model also facilitates the flow dynamics of Newtonian fluids under different conditions as its limiting cases, which have been previously reported in literature (Neek-Amal et al 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 083101; Gervais et al 2006 Lab Chip 6 500–7; Christov et al 2018 J. Fluid Mech. 841 267–86 ; White 1990 Fluid Mechanics ; Keith Batchelor 1967 An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics ; Kirby 2010 Micro-and Nanoscale Fluid Mechanics: Transport in Microfluidic Devices ). We compare the experimental observations by Radha et al (2016 Nature 538 222–5) and MD simulation results by Neek-Amal et al (2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 083101) with our deformable-wall model. We find that for channel-height $H_o \lt 4$ Å, the flow-rate prediction by the deformable-wall model is 5%–7% more compared to Neek-Amal et al (2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 083101) well-fitted rigid-wall model. These predictions are within the errorbar of the experimental data as shown by Radha et al (2016 Nature 538 222–5), which indicates that the derived deformable-wall model could be more accurate to model Radha et al (2016 Nature 538 222–5) experiments as compared to the rigid-wall model. Using the model, we study the effect of the flexibility of graphene sheets on the flow rate. As the flexibility α increases (or corresponding thickness $\mathcal{T}$ and elastic modulus E of the wall decreases), the flow rate also increases. We find that the flow rate scales as $\dot{m}_{\text{flexible}}\sim \alpha^0 $ for $(\alpha \Delta pW/EH_o) \ll 1$ ; $\dot{m}_{\text{flexible}}\sim \alpha $ for $(\alpha \Delta pW/EH_o ) \sim O(10^{-1})$ ; and $\dot{m}_{\text{flexible}}\sim \alpha^3 $ for $(\alpha \Delta pW/EH_o) \sim O(1)$ , respectively. We also find that, for a given thickness $\mathcal{T}$ , the percentage change in flow rate in the smaller height of the channel is more than the larger height of the channels. As the channel height decreases for the given reservoir pressure and thickness, the $\Delta \dot{m}/\dot{m}$ increases with $H_o^{-1}$ followed by $H_o^{-3}$ after a height-threshold. Further, we investigate how the applied pulsating pressure influences the flow rate. We find that due to the oscillatory pressure field, there is no change in the averaged mass flow rate in the rigid-wall channel, whereas the flow rate increases in the flexible channels with the increasing magnitude of the oscillatory pressure field. Also, in flexible channels, depending on the magnitude of the pressure field, either of the steady or oscillatory or both kinds of pressure field, the averaged mass flow rate dependence varies from $\Delta p$ to $\Delta p^4$ as the pressure field increases. The flow rate in the rigid-wall channel scales as $\dot{m}_{\text{rigid}}\sim \Delta p $ , whereas for the deformable-wall channel it scale as $\dot{m}_{\text{flexible}}\sim \Delta p $ for $ (\alpha \Delta pW/EH_o ) \approxeq 0$ , $\dot{m}_{\text{flexible}}\sim \Delta p^2 $ for $ (\alpha \Delta pW/EH_o ) \sim O(10^{-1})$ , and $\dot{m}_{\text{flexible}}\sim \Delta p^4 $ for $ (\alpha \Delta pW/EH_o ) \sim O(1)$ . We find that both the flexibility of the graphene sheet and the pulsating pressure fields to these flexible channels intensify the rapid flow rate through nano/Angstrom-size graphene capillaries.

Abstract Stability concerns of organic solar cell devices have led to the development of alternative hole transporting layers such as NiO which lead to superior device life times over conventional Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) buffered solar cells. From the printability of such devices, it is imperative to be able to print NiO layers in the organic solar cell devices with normal architecture which has so far remained unreported. In this manuscript, we report on the successful ink-jet printing of very thin NiO thin films with controlled thickness and morphology and their integration in organic solar cell devices. The parameters that were found to strongly affect the formation of a thin yet continuous NiO film were substrate surface treatment, drop spacing, and substrate temperature during printing. The effect of these parameters was investigated through detailed morphological characterization using optical and atomic force microscopy and the results suggested that one can achieve a transmittance of ~89% for a ~18 nm thin NiO film with uniform structure and morphology, fabricated using a drop spacing of 50 μm and a heat treatment temperature of 400 °C. The devices fabricated with printed NiO hole transporting layers exhibit power conversion efficiencies comparable to the devices with spin coated NiO films.

Pseudomyxoma peritonei is one of the complications of mucin secreting tumours arising from appendix or ovary. Malignancy of biliary tree, urachus and colon may also have similar presentation. It can also be a post operative presentation in aforementioned malignancy. Excess of mucin may impair function of viscera. Early diagnosis, management and postoperative outcome is major prospective of radiological imaging. We hereby present a case of 61 years old female who presented with the complaint of pain abdomen for last 2 months which was not relieved by taking medicines. Computed Tomography (CT) scan was done which suggested it as umbilical metastatic deposit.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital cardiac malformation that is well understood. Despite being well characterized, CoA is a commonly missed congenital heart disease (CHD) during the newborn period. We report a full-term nine-day-old male who presented to the pediatric emergency department (ED) with isolated tachypnea. After an initial sepsis workup, subsequent investigations revealed critical CoA. Because the primary workup focused on sepsis, there was a significant delay in prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) initiation. This case illustrates the importance of early CoA recognition and timely initiation of PGE1 in newborns who present with suspected sepsis along with tachypnea.

Introduction: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of adult female pelvis is a well-established tool in the evaluation of uteroovarian lesions and is often used to supplement ultrasonography. The need for diagnostic surgical intervention has largely been eclipsed with the advent of MRI, which has become the imaging modality of choice for characterization of pelvic masses. Aim: To assess the role of MRI in female pelvic mass lesions and to exploit the tissue characterization capability of MRI. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was done on all patients referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis, Krishna Hospital, Karad, for MRI pelvis with clinically suspected uterine and adnexal masses or with indeterminate diagnosis on ultrasonography. Study was conducted between September 2014 to August 2016 with a sample size of 100 patients. All patients were scanned using 1.5 Tesla Seimens Avanto (Tim+Dot) scanner with Body matrix coil Tim. Histopathology was taken as gold standard. Results on continuous measurements were presented on Mean±SD (Min-Max) and results on categorical measurements were presented in Number (%). Results: Among 100 cases, on MRI, the maximum number of patients was having uterine lesions (48) followed by ovarian lesions (40), inconclusive adnexal/ovarian lesions (6), adnexal lesions (4). Two patients had normal findings. This correlated well with histopathology results, which showed the maximum number of patients were having uterine lesions (48) followed by ovarian lesions (41), adnexal lesions (5). Normal findings were observed in two patients. Conclusion: Due to excellent depiction of pelvic anatomy, non-invasiveness and absence of ionizing radiation, MRI is an excellent tool for assessment of utero-ovarian disorders, for detecting and characterization of various diseases, and staging patients with carcinomas where accurate diagnosis will make an impact on their surgical and medical management planning.

A three-month-old female infant presented with abdominal distention for 2 months. A large palpable mass in right upper quadrant was noted on physical exam. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a large heterogeneous mass with multiple cystic components. Mass was surgically excised and pathology was consistent with mature adrenal teratoma. Teratoma is a germ cell tumor mainly found in gonadal tissues. Occurrence of adrenal gland teratoma in children is very rare with less than 10 pediatric case reports in English literature. We present a rare case of primary adrenal tumor in an infant and a review of the literature.

Introduction: The knee is a major weight bearing joint that provides mobility and stability during physical activity as well as balance while standing. If the knee is exposed to forces beyond its physiologic range, risk of injury to bone or soft tissue structures increases. A thorough understanding of knee injury patterns and their mechanisms may help in achieving more accurate assessment of injuries. Aim: To identify imaging pattern in bone marrow oedema and to correlate the pattern of bone marrow oedema retrospectively with type of knee injury from clinical history. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done on all patients referred to Krishna Hospital, Karad for MRI knee with history of recent (< 6 weeks) knee injury. Study was conducted between May 2014 to September 2015 with a sample size of 200 patients. Plain radiograph of knee was done in all patients and they were scanned using 1.5 Tesla Seimens Avanto (Tim + Dot) with Tx/Rx 15 channel knee coil # Tim. Results: Among the 200 cases, bone marrow contusion was noted in 138 cases (69%) and absent contusion in 62 cases (31%). Bone marrow contusion showed five patterns (according to Sanders classification) i.e., Clip injury in 39 cases (28.3%), Pivot shift injury in 78 cases (56.5%), Dashboard injury in eight cases (5.8%), Hyperextension injury in four cases (2.9%), Lateral patellar dislocation in three cases (2.2%). In six cases (4.3%) no pattern of bone marrow contusion could be explained and was categorized as unclassified pattern. Conclusion: Pivot shift pattern is most common contusion pattern and the most common type/mode of sports related injury. By analysing bone marrow contusion pattern, type/ mode can be determined in most of the cases. By applying a biomechanical approach in MR interpretation, it is possible to detect lesions like ligament rupture and osseous contusion, to predict subtle but it might overlook important abnormalities.

Duplication of inferior vena cava is an uncommon abnormality and is important in daily today practice for vascular surgeons, radiologist and urologist especially during retroperitoneal surgeries and treatment of thromboembolic disease. Radiologically, Duplicated IVC can be mistaken for lymphadenopathy or left pyeloureteric dilatation. Crossed fused kidney with a single ureter defy the embryological theory of ureteric bud crossing the opposite side and induce nephron formation associated anomaly of Duplication of inferior vena cava and malrotation of gut are not reported in a same patient. On meticulous search of literature no such combination of abnormalities has been reported. In this case report we bring forward this rare type of combination of three congenital malformations that is Duplication of IVC, crossed fused kidney and malrotation of gut.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma is a rare fibro-osseous lesion containing variable amount of calcified masses, which resembles bone or cementum within a fibrocellular connective tissue stroma. It has variable clinical behavior, highly aggressive in nature including invasion and destruction of adjacent anatomic structures with a strong tendency to recur. We reported a 28-year-old female patient with a growth in the upper left vestibule region extending from canine to molar region with clinical, histopathological, and radiological features are presented. Surgical management was done, and regular follow-up was advised.

Background: Laryngoscopy and intubation evokes a transient but marked sympathetic response manifesting as increase in heart rate, blood pressure & arrhythmias. We conducted a study to compare the effect of different doses of gabapentin on hemodynamics associated with laryngoscopy and intubation. Patients & Methods: Ninety normotensive patients (ASA I and II) between 20-60 years undergoing elective surgery requiring intubation were randomly allocated into three groups of 30 patients each. Group I received oral placebo, Group II received 600 mg of gabapentin and Group III received1000 mg of gabapentin, with sip of water 1 h prior to surgery in the operation theatre. Patients were premedicated with Glycopyrrolate, midazolam and fentanyl and induction was done with thiopentone sodium and succinylcholine. Heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure were recorded at baseline, 0, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after intubation. Results: MAP and HR were significantly increased in patients receiving placebo and 600 mg gabapentin after laryngoscopy and intubation compared to baseline value and Group III. Significant decrease in MAP was seen just after intubation, 1, 3, 5 and 10 min after (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 respectively) in Group III compared to Groups I and II. HR was significantly decreased within 10 min of intubation (P

This study was carried out to assess the effect of nitroglycerine (transdermal) on intrathecal neostigmine with bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia and note the incidence of adverse effects, if any. After taking informed consent, 120 patients of ASA Grade I and II were systematically randomised into four groups of 30 each. Patients were premedicated with midazolam 0.05 mg/kg intravenously and hydration with Ringer′s lactate solution 10ml/kg preoperatively in the holding room. Group I patients received Intrathecal injection of 15 mg bupivacaine with 1ml of normal saline and transdermal placebo patch. Group II patients received Intrathecal injection of 15 mg bupivacaine with 5 mcg of neostigmine and transdermal placebo patch. Group III patients received Intrathecal injection of 15 mg bupivacaine with 1ml of normal saline with transdermal nitroglycerine patch (5 mg/24 hours). Group IV patients received Intrathecal injection of 15 mg bupivacaine with 5mcg of neostigmine and transdermal nitroglycerine patch (5 mg/24 hours), applied on a non anaesthetised area after 20 minutes. Groups were demographically similar and did not differ in intraoperative characteristics like sensory block, motor block, haemodynamic parameters and SpO 2 . The mean duration of analgesia was 202.17 minutes, 407.20 minutes, 207.53 minutes and 581.63 minutes in control group (I), neostigmine group (II), nitroglycerine group (III) and nitroglycerine neostigmine group (IV) respectively (P< 0.01). To conclude, our results show that transdermal nitroglycerine itself does not show any analgesic potential but it enhances the analgesic potential of intrathecal neostigmine.

Multiferroism implies simultaneous presence of more than one ferroic characteristics such as coexistence of ferroelectric and magnetic ordering. This phenomenon has led to the development of various kinds of materials and conceptions of many novel applications such as development of a memory device utilizing the multifunctionality of the multiferroic materials leading to a multistate memory device with electrical writing and nondestructive magnetic reading operations. Though, interdependence of electrical- and magnetic-order parameters makes it difficult to accomplish the above and thus rendering the device to only two switchable states, recent research has shown that such problems can be circumvented by novel device designs such as formation of tunnel junction or by use of exchange bias. In this paper, we review the operational aspects of multiferroic memories as well as the materials used for these applications along with the designs that hold promise for the future memory devices.

Development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that can be readily applied for imaging of biological tissues under clinical settings is a challenging task. This is predominantly due to the expectation of an ideal MR agent being able to be synthesized in large quantities, possessing longer shelf life, reasonable biocompatibility, tolerance against its aggregation in biological fluids, and high relaxivity, resulting in better contrast during biological imaging. Although a repertoire of reports address various aforementioned issues, the previously reported results are far from optimal, which necessitates further efforts in this area. In this study, we demonstrate facile large-scale synthesis of sub-100 nm quasi-cubic magnetite and magnetite/silica core-shell (Mag@SiO2) nanoparticles and their applicability as a biocompatible T2 contrast agent for MRI of biological tissues. Our study suggests that silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles reported in this study can potentially act as improved MR contrast agents by addressing a number of aforementioned issues, including longer shelf life and stability in biological fluids. Additionally, our in vitro and in vivo studies clearly demonstrate the importance of silica coating towards improved applicability of T2 contrast agents for cancer imaging.

Here we report the dielectric response and electric conduction behavior of magnetoelectric gallium ferrite single crystals studied using impedance analysis in time and temperature domain. The material exhibits two distinct relaxation processes: a high frequency bulk response and a low frequency interfacial boundary layer response. Calculated bulk capacitance as a function of temperature showed an anomaly at ferri- to paramagnetic transition temperature (∼ 300 K), suggestive of magneto-dielectric coupling in the material. Interestingly, we also witness an abrupt change in the activation energy at ∼ 220 K, in the vicinity of spin-glass transition temperature in GaFeO3.