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The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms in individuals with the disorder in comparison to virtual reality exposure therapy. A quasi-experimental method was implemented, followed by a pretest-posttest and a two-month follow-up. The population consisted of all individuals who were referred to Nik Mehr Counseling and Psychological Services in Tehran during 2020 and 2021. Among them, 45 were selected through convenience sampling method, randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and administered Madzli's Obsessive-Compulsive Questionnaire (1980). Subsequently, the subjects were subjected to cognitive-behavioral therapy for 12 sessions (2 forty-five-minute sessions per week for 6 weeks) and virtual reality exposure for 12 sessions (2 eight-minute sessions per week for 6 weeks). No intervention was administered to the control group. The data was analyzed in SPSS.23 software using a Bonferroni post hoc test and mixed analysis of variance. The results indicated that both therapies were efficacious (F=192; Eta=0.67; P

This experiment was conducted to determine total amino acid (AA) content and standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid content of 6 different origins of fish meal (FM) and subsequently determine equations that estimate total and SID amino acid contents from chemical composition as well as SID amino acid contents from its total AA. In order to conduct this study, a total of 210 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments consisting of 6 semi-purified diets containing each of FM as the only source of dietary protein (200 mg of crude protein/g diet) and one nitrogen-free diet in order to determine ileal endogenous amino acids (IEAA) flow. Birds were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal starter diet until ten days, a grower diet from 11 to 23 days, and then experimental diets from 24 to 28 days of age. The total content of Lys and Met among the various samples significantly differed from 1.52 to 2 and 0.59 to 0.77%, respectively (P < 0.05). This difference was observed among the other total and SID amino acids. In this study the accuracy and precision of the models were tested by the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) value, P-value regression coefficients, and standard error of prediction (SEP). The SEP of the developed regression equations for the predicting SID amino acids of FM were from 0.009 (for Met) to 0.056 (for Arg).

SUMMARY: This experiment was conducted to determine the AMEn content of fish meal (FM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) samples from different origins to develop prediction equations based on the chemical composition. A total of 300 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to fifteen treatments (fourteen experimental diets and 1 reference diet) with 4 replicates of each treatment and 5 birds per replicate. In order to determine AMEn using a replacement method, the test diets consisted of 60% reference diet (based on corn and soybean meal), 38% FM or PBM samples, and 2% micro-ingredients. The broilers were fed the experimental diets for 4 d (24–27), and feces were collected on d 28. The AMEn values of the FM samples varied from 2,886 to 3,157 kcal/kg, and the range for the PBM was from 2,186 to 4,114 kcal/kg. The regression equation prediction of AMEn was determined by SPSS software. Finally, the equations AMEn = 35.658 × CP + 61.975 × EE (standard error of prediction [SEP]: 98.79; Adjusted R2: 0.89) and AMEn = 84.396 × EE + 21.221 × CP (SEP: 269.83; Adjusted R2: 0.93) were suggested to predict the AMEn for FM and PBM, respectively. These equations can save time and cost for poultry nutritionists to formulate the diets for broilers and serve as a reference to develop calibration equations for the predicted values of AMEn of FM and PBM for broiler chickens using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 46% of university students experience mental health problems. Additionally, the university students’ well-being was lower than their general well-being. This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the PERMA model education on university students’ well-being. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used a semi-experimental research design, involving one intervention group and one control group. The groups underwent a pre-test, post-test, and a 45-day follow-up. This study was conducted at the Department of Education and Psychology, Azad University of Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, and all students in this department were considered the statistical population for this study. The research tools used were the Butler and Kern PERMA-Profiler questionnaires. In two stages, pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, the experimental group participated in six educational intervention sessions. Educational interventions included Seligman’s PERMA model, which defines psychological well-being in five domains: positive emotions (P), engagement (E), relationships (R), meaning (M), and accomplishment (A). Each session lasted for 90 min over 3 weeks (two sessions per week), while the control group had no training sessions. RESULTS: Multiple covariance analysis of well-being showed no significant difference found between the two groups in the pre-test (P = 0.19). However, a significant improvement was observed in the intervention group in the post-test (P = 0.03) and follow-up (P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests the use of Seligman’s PERMA model to improve the psychological well-being of university students. It is recommended that the educational system use this model to help university students improve their mental health, enhance their life satisfaction, and prevent mental illnesses such as depression and stress.

Aim and Background: Sexual dysfunction and intimacy and marital quality are interrelated. Healthy sexual function of each spouse is one of the prominent and influential factors on the quality of marital relationship. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of emotion-oriented therapy on tendency to marital infidelity and quality of marital life in women with low sexual desire. Methods and Materials: The research design was quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test with a control group. In order to conduct research among all women with low sexual desire who referred to counseling centers in Isfahan in 2021, 18 couples (n = 36) were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n = 18 for each group) and a control group (n = 18). To assess the research variables, Attitudes toward Infidelity scale (Whatley, 2006) and dyadic adjustment scale (Busby & et al 1995) were used in the pre-test and post-test stages, and the experimental group received emotional therapy for 10 sessions. The control group did not receive any treatment. Data were analyzed by covariance test. Findings: The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy was effective in reducing tendency to marital infidelity and increase the quality of marital life. (p

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on psychological distress, severity and frequency of symptoms in women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and Methods: This semi-experimental two-group three-stage (pre and post-test and two-month follow-up) study was done on 30 women of 18-50 years old with IBS. They were randomly assigned to two groups (experimental and control). Psychological distress and Bowel symptoms severity and frequency in the three stages were measured. The emotional schema therapy group was treated for 8 sessions and the control group remained on the waiting list. Results: The mean score of pre-test, post-test and follow-up of emotional therapy schema group in psychological distress were 21.23 ± 8.18, 16.08 ± 6.05 and 14.69 ± 4.05; in symptom intensity 7.46 ± 1.98, 5.23 ± 1.30 and 6.46 ± 1.33 and in symptom frequency 7.46 ± 1.98, 6.08 ± 1.66 and 7.54 ± 2.18 respectively. In the control group, there was no difference between the scores of different tests; in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up, the scores of psychological distress were 20.23 ± 5.39, 20.08 ± 5.59, and 20.38 ± 4.75, in the symptoms severity 7.69 ± 1.49, 7.62 ± 1.33, and 7.69 ± 1.80, and in the symptoms frequency 6.92 ± 2.75, 6.54 ± 2.40 and 6.62 ± 2.63 respectively. In the control group, there was no difference between the scores in different tests. In the pre-test, post-test and follow-up, in psychological distress, the scores were 20.23 ± 5.39, 20.08 ± 5.59, and 20.38 ± 4.75 in the symptom severity 7.69 ± 1.49, 7.62 ± 1.33, and 7.69. ±1.80 and in the symptoms frequency 6.92 ± 2.75, 6.54 ± 2.40 and 6.92 ± 2.75 respectively (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Emotional schema therapy can be used as a complementary psychological treatment to reduce psychological distress and severity and frequency of symptoms in women with IBS.

سابقه و هدف: خانواده مرکز نوع‌دوستی و بهترین محیط برای وحدت بین مرد و زن است و رضایت زناشویی نقش مهمی در سلامت روان‌شناختی ایفا می‌کند. بنابراین، هدف از این پژوهش مقایسۀ بهزیستی معنوی و احساس انسجام روانی در بین زوجین رضایتمند و زوجین دارای تعارض بود. روش کار: روش مطالعۀ حاضر علّی-مقایسه‌ای است. جامعۀ آماری شامل زوجین دارای تعارض مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاورۀ شهر اصفهان بود که از میان آنان 300 زوج رضایتمند و دارای تعارض در سال 1399 به‌روش نمونه‌گیری دردسترس با توجه به ملاک‌‌های ورود انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسش‌نامه‌هاي بهزیستی معنوي پالوتزین و الیسون و حس انسجام آنتونووسکی بود. داده­ها با روش تحلیل واریانس چند‌متغیّرۀ چند‌راهه تحلیل شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان مقاله هیچ‌گونه تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده­اند. یافته‌ها: یافته­ها نشان می‌دهد که تفاوت بین میانگین نمرات انسجام روانی در ابعاد قابل درک بودن، قابل مدیریت و معناداربودن در دو گروه زوجین دارای تعارض زناشویی و زوجین رضایتمند معنی‌دار بود ( 05/0>P)؛ اما تفاوت دو گروه در بهزیستی معنوی معنی‌دار نبود (05/0). نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌هاي این پژوهش بیانگر آن است که با افزایش و ارتقای انسجام روانی، افراد می‌توانند راهکارهای رضایت زناشویی را در وجود خود تقویت کنند و از این طریق رضایت از زندگی خود را بالا ببرند. بنابراین، با کمک انسجام روانی می‌توان از تعارضات و نارضایتی‌هاي زناشویی و اثرات منفی آن بر زندگی زوجین جلوگیري کرد و از رضایت بیشتري در زندگی زناشویی برخوردار شد.

Introduction: Spousal breach of promise is a factor that undermines the hope and mental health of many women. Aim: This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy based on attachment injury and spirituality-based schema therapy on hopelessness and mental health of women affected by the spousal breach of promise. Method: The present research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included women affected by the spousal breach of promise in the city of Bandar Abbas in the spring of 2021, and the sample group consisted of 48 people of these women who were purposefully selected and then randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group (16 people in each group). The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used to collect data. The emotion-based therapy based on attachment injury and the spirituality-based schema therapy was performed in 10 sessions of 90 minutes each. Data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and SPSS-26. Results: The results showed that after controlling the pretest, the effectiveness of treatment in reducing hopelessness (F=4.49, P=0.017) and increasing mental health (F=5.94, P=0.005) was significant. The comparison of groups showed that emotion-based therapy based on attachment injury effectively reduced hopelessness (P=0.014) and spirituality-based schema therapy effectively increased mental health (P=0.004). Conclusion: The effectiveness of emotion-based therapy based on therapeutic attachment injury in reducing hopelessness and the effectiveness of spirituality-based schema therapy on mental health was confirmed in the present study. It is suggested that these two therapies be used to help women affected by the spousal breach of promise.

Background: Patients with chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) suffer more from psychiatric consequences than others, and their quality of life may be drastically affected, causing syndromes like depression and anxiety. Mindfulness-integrated cognitive behavioral therapy (Mi-CBT) seems to improve stress coping strategies in chronically ill patients, but its effectiveness has been little studied in MS. So, in this study, we aimed to assess its effectiveness on stress coping strategies in women suffering from MS in Mazandaran province, Iran. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, we selected 40 women with MS who had been referred to a neurologist in Mazandaran province, Iran during the year 2016 by convenient sampling and randomly assigned to the Mi-CBT and control group with a one-to-one ratio. Patients in the intervention group were under treatment for eight 120-minutes session, while the control group only stayed on the waiting list. After obtaining the ethics committee’s approval (IR.IAU.CHALUS.REC.1397.018) and patient’s informed consent, both groups underwent a pre-test assessment with a stress status questionnaire developed by Endler and Parker in 1988. The same assessment was done for both groups two times more, one after compilation of all sessions, and one 45 days later. Repeated measures analysis of variance was done using SPSS Version 24 software. Results: There was a difference between intervention and the control group for avoidance-oriented, and problem-oriented stress coping strategies (p

Introduction: One of the indicators influencing the academic success of students is their perception of academic self-efficacy. This study endeavored to investigate the effectiveness of Lent and Brown's social-cognitive therapy on the perception of academic self-efficacy and its sub-components among students at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The population for this semi-experimental study was all conditional students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, of which 60 students were selected by easy sampling method and were assigned to two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received Lent and Brown social cognitive counseling and the control group received current counseling from the University Counseling Center. The instrument was the students' academic self-efficacy questionnaire. Inferential tests used in this research included one-way analysis of variance, independent t test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) Results: In the experimental group after the intervention, the average score of self-efficacy changed from 92.5±14.3 to 96.9±13.8 and from 94.7±8.9 to 95.5±0.9 in the control group. The change in self-efficacy score in the social intelligence group was 4.4 vs. 0.7 in the control group. The findings revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the perception of academic self-efficacy as well as the two components of academic skill self-efficacy and academic performance self-efficacy. (p

The aim of the present study is to compare the effectiveness of a parenting model based on executive function theory and the Barkley program on self-control in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. This study is an applied and randomized clinical trial. The study population is mothers with children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Isfahan in the spring and summer of 2018, of whom 45 subjects were purposively selected based on entry and baseline criteria and randomly divided into three groups (two experimental groups and one control group). Fifteen subjects were assigned to each group. The Self-Control Assessment Scale (SCRS) was used to measure the dependent variable at different stages of the study. The first experimental group received 12 sessions of the achievement theory- based parenting model, the second experimental group received 8 sessions of the Barkley program, and the control group received no treatment. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS-26 software. The parenting model based on the theories of executive functions and the Barkley program had positive effects on self-control of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (p

Introduction: Test anxiety and academic burnout are an important issue of students all around the globe. Present survey has been done with the aim of comparing between educational perfectionism schema based strategies training and cognitive-behavioral training on test anxiety and academic burnout among high school female students with educational perfectionism. Methods: the research method was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest design and a control group. Statistical population of study includes female high school students in Giroft province during Fall of year 2021. Among them 48 students, who have the entrance criteria, has been selected and then randomly assigned in two experimental groups and one control group (with 16 people in each group). Friedman and Bendas-Jacob test anxiety scale and Maslash academic burnout have been used for assessment of dependent variable. educational perfectionism schema based strategies training and cognitive-behavioral training have been done for eight meetings which has been lost for 90 minutes. Data has been analyzed by analyses of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc test. Results: The results has been shown that there are significant differences between educational perfectionism schema based strategies training and cognitive-behavioral training with control group in test anxiety, and in academic burnout only there is a significant differences between cognitive-behavioral training and control group. There is no significant difference between educational perfectionism schema based strategies training and cognitive-behavioral training in test anxiety and academic burnout. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research two interventional approach can decline the exam anxiety, in addition, cognitive-behavioral approach can reduce the academic burnout high school female students who are perfectionism.

Introduction: In the past two decades, there has been a growing line of research on the possible effects of psychological interventions on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to evaluate the qualitative validity of a lifestyle-based intervention in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) by examining their experiences. Methods: This study employed a concurrent embedded mixed methods design. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted in the form of a clinical trial that applied a lifestyle-based intervention to patients with ulcerative colitis. The patients’ experiences were assessed twice through the focus group interviews. The data from both interviews (posttest and follow-up phases) were analyzed using thematic network analysis. Results: Based on the results of this study, 3 global themes, 10 organizing themes, and 21 basic themes were identified and summarized in three thematic networks of benefits, barriers, and disadvantages. Benefits included satisfaction with attending the meetings, knowledge acquisition, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes, and partial physical improvement; barriers included physical symptoms, need for retraining, giving importance to the topic, and restrictions in physical activities; and the disadvantages included the negative impact of the group and the negative impact of the training program. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the qualitative validity of a lifestyle-based intervention in a group of patients with ulcerative colitis by demonstrating the educational and therapeutic effects of the intervention and its acceptability.

Background: Psychological factors affect marital conflict and happiness; in other words, they strengthen and shape marital relations. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of training based on Healthy Human Theory (HHT) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) in marital happiness of couples living in Isfahan City, Iran. Materials & Methods: This research has a pretest-posttest control group design. The statistical population included all couples referring to mental health centers in Isfahan in 2020. The study sample consisted of 39 couples selected by the convenience sampling method. The participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups (training based on HHT and EFT) and control group (n=13 couples per group). The research instrument included the marital satisfaction scale. Follow-up was performed after 90 days. Repeated-measures ANOVA in SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that training based on HHT significantly affected marital happiness compared to EFT and control group (P=0.001). The Mean±SD of the posttest scores of marital happiness in the HHT-based training, EFT, and control groups were 97.92±1.54, 87.50±5.56, and 75.38±8.71, respectively. There was no significant difference between the effects of HHT-based training and EFT on happiness in couples. Conclusion: Based on the results, the HHT-based training and EFT are appropriate methods for improving marital happiness.

Background and Objectives: Early childhood care and education has recently attracted much attention for promoting optimal development of children. The present study was administered to evaluate the effectiveness of early childhood care and education on the intelligence of children 2 to 24 months and their mother’s affective capital and parenting stress. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 participants (50 mothers and children) were selected through purposive sampling for each of the groups of 2 to 12 and 13 to 24 months. The Cattell Infant Intelligence Scale, Affective Capital Questionnaire, and Parenting Stress Questionnaire were used to assess independent variables. Each group of mothers and children received early care and education for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using a paired samples t-test. Results: The results indicated that early childhood care and education significantly improved the intelligence of children 2 to 12 and 13 to 24 months by 1.20 and 1.59, and their mothers' affective capital by 25.52 and 12.47, respectively (P

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of academic meaning-oriented and positive psychology training on academic optimism and meaning of education in Iranian students in Denmark. The research method was semi-experimental with three groups in three pre-tests, post-test, and two-month follow-up stages. The statistical population was 200 Iranian students aged 12 to 18 years living in Copenhagen, Denmark, in the winter of 2021. Sixty students were selected through convenience sampling based on entre criteria and then randomly assigned to three groups (20 people in each group). Academic Optimism Questionnaire and Meaning of Education Scale were used to measure the dependent variables. The groups trained based on academic meaning-oriented training and positive psychology training in 10 sessions. Data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance. The results showed a significant difference between academic meaning-oriented training and positive psychology training with the control group in the post-test stage in academic optimism and academic meaning. There was no significant difference in academic optimism between the two groups of training. However, academic meaning-oriented training was more effective than positive psychology training in academic meaning. The results also show no significant difference in the variables of academic optimism and the meaning of education between research groups in the follow-up stage. According to the results, academic meaning-oriented training and positive psychology training is two effective ways to promote academic optimism and meaning of Iranian students living in Denmark.

Aim and Background: Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD) is one of the mood disorders of the fifth edition of the mental disorder’s diagnosis. This disorder begins in the childhood and causes many problems for parents, teachers, friends, and children themselves. This disorder, which is associated with social problems, is also very debilitating. The present study was conducted with the aim of constructing and initial reliability of the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder scale. Methods and Materials: The method of this research is descriptive and instrument making; while its statistical population is all parents of children aged 6-12 year in Isfahan in the year 1397. Statistical samples included 300 people which were selected by available sampling. To collect the data for evaluation of this disorder, the researcher-made Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder Scale (DMDDS) was used. To examine the scale items, quantitative and qualitative content reliability, quantitative and qualitative nominal reliability, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation, Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. Findings: Based on the parameters of impact coefficient index above 1.5, content reliability index above 0.62, reliability ratio above 0.70, and the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis’s, 24 scale items were kept in the instrument. Considering an eigenvalue above 1, four factors of impulsivity, performance, mood, and frustration were extracted. According to the obtained results, the four factors of this scale were able to predict 50.80% of the changes in the total scale. Also, a total scale reliability coefficient of 0.894 was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, the content reliability index as well as the nominal and structural scale which are designed for the parents, are acceptable and can be used to evaluate the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder in children aged 6-12 year.

Background: The onset of depression has led to a decline in women's hope, which poses many problems. This study aimed to comparing the effectiveness of combined therapy of integrative positive acceptance with commitment acceptance and positive psychotherapy on hope of depressed women. Materials and Method: The research design was quasi-experimental and consisted of three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The population consisted of depressed women in Isfahan in the fall of 2019 and winter of 2020. Purposive sampling was used to select 80 people from the statistical population and randomly assign them to three experimental groups (20 people in each group) and a control group (20 people). Snyder's Hope Questionnaire was used to measure the dependent variable. A total of 12 sessions were given to two treatment groups, consisted of positive acceptance and commitment therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, and 13 sessions was given to positive psychotherapy, as opposed to no treatment given to the control group. The data were analyzed through repeated measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc tests. Results: The results showed that positive psychotherapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and positive acceptance and commitment therapy in posttest and follow up were all significantly different from the control group on the hope variable (P

Introduction: Empowering students and preventing academic failure is one of the prominent issues for medical students. Causes and factors during students' studies reduce the quality of students' learning process and leads to academic and conditional dropout of some students. This study sought to investigate these factors from the view of Isfahan medical students. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted with a phenomenological approach and a review of the lived experiences of probationary students in the academic years 2018-2019 at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected using semi-structured interview individually in writing and by voluntary sampling method and based on content analysis strategy were analyzed manually. Results: A total of 31 probationary students were interviewed until the theoretical saturation of the data was reached. As to the analysis of the interviews, a total of 131 open codes, 30 pivotal codes and 5 selective codes were obtained. The highest number of factors of academic failure from the views of students were placed in the selection code of individual factors. Other factors of academic failure were in 4 selection codes of educational environment, psychological factors, factors related to family and community, factors related to professors. The common codes cited by students are as follows: lack of motivation, distraction, financial difficulties, teacher rigor, depressed mood, frustration with future careers, parental incompetence, and low self-esteem. Conclusion: Considering the causes and different areas that are effective in creating academic failure, it is necessary to have an integrated and comprehensive view of education authorities and families in dealing with the issue of academic failure.

Aggression is formed as a reaction to external pressures in childhood and continues as a behavioral habit in adulthood if not corrected. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of group empathy training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach in preschool children's aggression. The present study is a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, and follow-up. The statistical population includes all children in preschool in the Isfahan Education District Four in the academic year 2019-2020. Thirty children were selected via the students who had a lower score on the Cognitive-Emotional-Parent-Empires Scale and a higher score on the Aggression Scale and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of empathy group training based on the cognitive-behavioral approach and a post-test was conducted. After 45 days, the tests were repeated and the test results were analyzed SPSS-23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that in aggression and all three components including communication, overt and sociable, the difference between the experimental and control groups in both post-test and follow-up stages is significant(p

Aim and Background: Due to the differences in happiness index and its affecting factors in different geographical and organizational environments, in this study has developed the native model of the effective factors on employee happiness in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan. Methods and Materials: This research is a descriptive type that has been done in terms of mixed methodology (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and its qualitative part is based on grounded theory approach and its quantitative part is correlation method. The study population of this project includes all of the Mobarakeh Steel of Isfahan personnel, 14529 people in 1398. By conducting semi-structured interview with 75 employees who were selected by cluster random samling and completion of a researcher-made questionnaire by 407 employees that selected purposefully and data analysis, five factors affecting happiness employees was developed including the foundations of happiness(Familial Communication, Communication types in workplace, Justice and Social Support, Material and Spiritual Reward), makers happiness(Positive thinking, Good mood, Targeted, Job security), happiness breakers(Stress, Sickness, Lack of justice, Inadequate Organizational Environment), happiness mechanisms(Emotional Intelligence, Intimacy, Social skills, Meeting basic needs) and consequences of happiness(Peace, Job and Familial Satisfaction, Health) and the native model of the effective factors on employees happiness. Research data were analyzed by using SPSS 21 and SMART-PLS3 structural equation modeling software at descriptive and inferential level and to perform model fitting was used PLS3 software. Findings: The results showed that five factors of happiness foundations, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms and happiness consequences has direct and indirect relationship with each other and the happiness native model of Mobarakeh steel company employees has a good fit(p

Background: This study aimed to compare the coping strategies and hardiness in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in Isfahan, Iran. Methods: In this study, we used the causal-comparative research method. The statistical population consisted of mothers of children with autism covered by Autism Society of Isfahan and mothers of children with ADHD who referred to the counseling clinics of Isfahan. Finally, 73 and 64 mothers from each group were respectively selected based on convenience sampling. The research tools were Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) and Family Hardiness Index (FHI), which were studied and answered by mothers. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Findings: Based on the analysis of variance results, there was a significant difference between coping strategies used by the mothers of children with autism and mothers of ADHD group (P = 0.009, F = 6.956). Meanwhile, no significant differences between the hardiness of the two samples were observed (P = 0.069, F = 3.381). Conclusion: Since effective coping strategies increase the level of resilience, hardiness, and wellbeing of mothers and their families, therapists and specialists must necessarily pay more attention to coping patterns and strategies of mothers and design the most effective and appropriate intervention program based on their demographical and personality characteristics.

Background: Given the importance of emotions, the present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of achievement emotion regulation training package on negative emotions and self-regulation learning strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) among female high school students. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up for two months relative to the control group. The statistical population included female high school students in Tehran in the academic year 2017-2018. A sample size of 50 cases (25 students in each group) was selected using multi-stage random cluster sampling. The experimental group learned how to regulate their achievement emotions in twelve 120-min sessions for two months. The Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ) and Motivated Strategies Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) were used. Raw data analysis was performed using SPSS V. 22 and an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The results showed that regulation of achievement emotions caused a decrease in negative emotions (93.7%) and an increase in the use of cognitive/metacognitive strategies (53.6%) among experimental group members (P

This study has developed the model of the effective factors on employee wives' happiness in Mobarakeh Steel Company in Isfahan. The research is a descriptive type that has been done in terms of mixed methodology (including qualitative and quantitative methods) and correlation method. The interviews' content was analyzed using a systematic method (open coding, axial coding selective coding) after conducting a semi-structured interview with 45 employee wives who were selected by cluster sampling. The happiness of employee wives factors was extracted that including foundations of happiness (family communication, justice, and social support, material and spiritual reward), underlying factors(makers happiness including positive thinking, good mood, self-esteem, and Confidence), strategies or happiness mechanisms(Emotional Intelligence, Intimacy, Commitment), interfering factors(happiness breakers including Stress management, justice, suitable Organizational Environment), and consequences of happiness(Peace, Job, and Familial Satisfaction, Cheerfulness and Mental Health). Then relationship model was developed between 5 extracted components. The researcher-made questionnaire was developed to check the initial model fitness based on the quantitative part. Three hundred twenty employee wives were selected by the purposeful method to complete the researcher-made Happiness Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling. The results showed that the pattern of factors affecting Mobarakeh Steel employee wives' happiness has a good fit. Therefore, five factors of foundations of happiness, happiness makers, happiness breakers, happiness mechanisms, and consequences of happiness have mutual effects on each other and are effective factors on the happiness of Mobarakeh steel company employee wives.

Background: Several studies have investigated the factors of infidelity and the creation of extramarital relationships and marital adjustment of couples. But research comparing addiction to marital love and marital adjustment in married couples with and without extramarital relationships has been neglected. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare marital addiction and marital adjustment in married couples with and without extramarital relationships.. Method: The research design was causal-comparative. The statistical population of the present study included all married men and women referring to Isfahan consultation centers in the spring of 2018 from whom 58 men and 50 women with extramarital relationships and 49 men and 59 women without extramarital relationship were selected as the research samples through convenient method. In order to collect data, Love Addiction Questionnaire (Paybody, 2005) and Extramarital Adjustment Questionnaire (Spiner, 1976) were used. Independent sample t-test was used in order to analyze the data. Results: The results of the analysis showed that two married groups with extramarital relationships and without extramarital relationships are significantly different from each other in the variables of marital adjustment and love addiction (P

Background: This study is conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of spiritual-based existential therapy and positive existential therapy on resiliency of elderly women. Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental study with three groups and two stages of pre-test and post-test with control group. The statistical population of the study included all elderly women referred to comprehensive health service centers in Isfahan, Iran. The sample consisted of 36 persons who were selected based on the inclusion criteria among the elderly women referred to the mentioned centers and were randomly assigned into two experimental and one control group (n = 12 each). The study instrument included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) that was completed in pretest and posttest phases by the three groups. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) through SPSS software. Findings: The ANCOVA results revealed that there was a significant difference between spiritual-based existential therapy and control group in resiliency (P < 0.001). Due to the differences in the mean values of the three groups, Bonferroni post hoc test showed that there was no significant difference between spiritual-based existential therapy and positive existential therapy and between positive existential therapy and control group (P > 0.050). Conclusion: Spiritual-based existential therapy is an effective treatment to increase resiliency in elderly women. Elderly women, by participating in group sessions of spiritual-based existential therapy, gain higher resilience against adverse effects of the elderly stage.

Background: One of the essential factors in regulating the excitement of irritable children is mothers’ parenting style which is effective in self-controlling of these children; therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a parental model based on the attachment theory of children with disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Methods: This study was conducted using directed content analysis method with deductive classification system; and purposeful sampling continued with data saturation approach. Attachment texts were analyzed for parental characteristics. First, the concepts associated with parenting were identified and then the extracted concepts were classified based on the main components of attachment theory. Finally, the validity and reliability of parental patterns were investigated and confirmed. Findings: In this template, a matrix was drawn and then classification was carried out in two levels; level one containing the main attachment components, and level two containing 71 codes based on level one. Thus, the parenting model was considered with six main components of behavioral, affective, cognitive, psychic, kinesthetic-tactile, and physical security. Conclusion: The proposed parenting model, which includes behavioral, emotional, cognitive, psychological, kinetic-tactile, and physical safety components, can be used along with other treatments available for children with mood disorders.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of compassion focused (CFT) and acceptance commitment (ACT) combined therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), on psychological well-being in women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Materials and Methods: This is quasi-experimental. This study consists of three groups (two experimental and one control groups) and three stages (pre-test, post-test, and follow up). The statistical population was all T2DM women of Shahid Shabani Diabetes Center in Isfahan, Iran in 2017. The studied sample was 47 patients who were randomly distributed in three groups. The experimental group received a combination of the package of ACT and CFT for ten weekly two-hour sessions, the CBT group received ten weekly two-hour sessions of therapeutic intervention and the control group did not receive any therapeutic interventions. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurements using SPSS-24 software. Results: The results showed that the scores of experimental groups participants in the post test of compassion therapy-ACT and CBT improved significantly compared to the control group in self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, purposeful life, individual development, environmental dominance and autonomy subscales (P-value= 0.001) .There exist a significant difference between the experimental group of compassion focused- ACT combined therapy and CBT in self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, purposeful life and individual -development subscales (P-value< 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the combination therapy of compassion focused – ACT and CBT can be used to promote psychological well-being in diabetic patients.

Aim and Background: The number and variety of stressors that people face in elderly period have made it a necessity to pay attention to mental health, especially affective capital in this period. This study was administered with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic spiritual therapy on affective capital among elderly women. Methods and Materials: The current study was a three group quasi-experimental study with pre-test, post-test and two months follow up design. The sample consisted of 36 elderly women covered by Isfahan comprehensive health care centers who were selected based on convenience sampling method and were randomly assigned into two experimental and one control group (each group 12 person). Experimental groups were treated with spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic Spiritual therapy. Affective Capital Questionnaire (ACQ) was administered to three groups in three stages of research. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance trough SPSS version 24 software. Findings: The results of this study showed that spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic spiritual therapy had significant effect on increasing affective capital. Conclusions: Spirituality-based existentialism therapy and Islamic spiritual therapy are two appropriate therapies to increase the affective capital of elderly women. They attended to the sessions of these two treatments, found meaning and purpose in life and every event.

Introduction: Exposing infidelity has devastating and shocking effects on the family and it can be so severe and uncontrollable that it disrupts the daily functioning and concentration of family members and endangers the quality of marital life. Therefore, interventions to improve the marital quality of married couples affected by infidelity are among the most important actions of psychologists. To this end, the aim of this study wasto compare the effectiveness of combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) packagesand integrated couple therapy on the quality of marital life of couples affected by infidelity. Methods: The present study is a quasi-experimental design with single-subject design in which A-B design was used. In this study, 12 measurements (4 times as baseline, 4 times during treatment, and 4 times as follow-up) were performed. Six couples (12 persons) were selected by purposive sampling from couples who experienced meta-marital relationship referring to Isfahan centers and clinics and were randomly divided into two groups: combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) packages(3 couples) and integrated couple therapy (3 couples). Then, the intervention was administered for 15 sessions of combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) for the first group and 8 sessions of integrated couple therapy for the second group. Research instruments included Quality Marital inventory. Data analysis was done by visual analysis of graphs using the percentage of improvement. Results: Both combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion-focused therapy (Johnson) packagesand integrated couple therapy had lasting effects on the quality of marital life of the married couples affected by infidelity. Discussion & Conclusion: Combined systemic couple therapy (Bowen) and emotion- focused therapy (Johnson) packagesand integrated couple therapy can all play an important role in improving the quality of marital life of the couples affected by infidelity.

Background: The incidence of generalized anxiety disorder severely damages individuals' psychological, cognitive, communication and social processes and reduces their resilience. But does meta-cognitive therapy help improve resiliency in people with generalized anxiety disorder? Aims: Therefore the present study was conducted aiming to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive therapy on resiliency in the people with generalized anxiety. Method: The research method was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study included all the people with social anxiety referring to consultation centers in the city of Tehran in 2017. Non-probable purposive sampling method and random replacement were used in the present study. After selecting the sample size and replacing them into experimental and control groups, the experimental group received 10 ninety-minute sessions of therapy interventions during three months once a week. The applied questionnaires in the study included generalized anxiety questionnaire (Spitser, et.al, 2006), resiliency (coner, 2004). The data from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA. Results: The results of data analysis showed that metacognitive therapy has been effective on resiliency in the patients suffering from generalized anxiety disorder (P

Background: The influential and important role of emotions in students' academic life has drawn the attention of educational psychologists to emotions. So, can emotion regulation training affect students' negative emotions and psychological well-being? Aims: The aim of the present research was to study the effectiveness of achievement emotions regulation training on negative emotions and psychological well-being of students. Method: This research was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest and follow-up design with control group. The statistical population included all female middle school students in the city of Tehran during the academic year 2016-2017. Random cluster sampling was used. Participants completed the Achievement Emotion Test (Pekrun, Goetz & Perry, 2005) and the Psychological Well-being Scale (Ryff, 2002). Then, 50 students with high negative emotions were selected (n=356) and were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The researcher-made training package (1986) was administered to the experimental group for 6 weeks (2 sessions per week, 60-90 minutes each session) and the control group received no training. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results indicated that achievement emotions regulation training significantly decreased negative emotions and also significantly increased psychological well-being among the experimental group in post-test (p=0/001). These results continued during the follow-up period too. Conclusions: Achievement emotions regulation training was effective on reducing negative emotions and promoting psychological well-being in female students.

Aim and Background: Aggression and low level of mood states are the problems which female students with depression suffer from them. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of Positive Mindfulness Therapy (PMT), Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on aggression and mood states in female students with depression. Methods and Materials: The research method was semi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group. Out of 300 female high school students in Nain City in 2017, 60 participants were selected using purposeful method based on entry and exit criteria and randomly assigned into four groups (control, PMT, MBCT and CBT). To measure the dependent variables, the Aggression Questionnaire (AQ) and Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) were used. The group of PMT, MBCT and CBT received 12 sessions of treatment and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were analyzed with the use of analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Findings: Based on the results of ANCOVA, all three treatments had a significant effect on decrease of aggression and increase of mood states (p0.05). Conclusions: Considering the more powerful effect of PMT compared to other two treatments in decreasing aggression and with the equal effects of three types of treatment on mood states, the use of these treatments is suggested for girl students with depression.

Objective: Diabetes is chronic and debilitating disease that affects all aspects of a person's life. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of compassion focused (CFT)-acceptance commitment (ACT) combined therapy with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), on interpersonal forgiveness in women with type II diabetes. Materials and Methods: This was of quasi- experimental study on three groups (CFT-ACT combined therapy, a cognitive-behavioral and a control group) and three stages (pre-test, post- test and follow up). Among diabetic women population, 47 patients were selected purposefully and randomly assigned to three groups. Tow experimental groups (CFT- ACT & CBT) received 120 minutes’ sessions of CFT- ACT and CB for10 weeks. The control group did not receive any treatment .Data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance using SPSS-24 software. Results: The results showed that the scores of experimental group participants in the post test of CFT-ACT and CBT improved significantly compared to the control group in all three components of forgiveness, including reconnection and revenge control, resentment control and realistic understanding (P-value: 0/000). The experimental group of the combined therapeutic model was more effective than the CBT group in the two components of resentment control and realistic understanding. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the combination therapy of CFT- ACT and CBT can be used to promote reconnection and revenge control, resentment control and realistic understanding in diabetic patients.

Aim and Background: Recent studies on depression disorders have shown constraints and deficiencies in self-compassion of these patients. Therefore, in this study, we identify the weaknesses of previous studies with the aim of providing an analytical pattern of pathology of depression focusing on self-compassion for depressed Iranian patients. Methods and Materials: The present paper is based on the meta-analysis of previous works and papers. Accordingly, by analyzing the previous studies related to the disorders from databases such as Science Direct and Civilica, we extracted the most important indicators related to self-compassion for depressed patients out of 12 articles. Findings: After qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Iranian and foreign studies, final synthesis was ultimately done on the 12 articles. The synthesis of articles related to the effect of self-compassion on depression and its intermediary factors showed that depression is closely related to emotions and that is of great importance in most of the studies conducted in this area. Conclusions: It is possible to prevent and treat depression through self-compassion by pathology in three critical areas of emotion, including emotion regulation, emotional security and expressing emotion.

The present study was conducted to investigate the comparison of the effectiveness of resilience and emotion regulation on perceived social stigma and mental endurance in the mothers of the children with CP. The present research method was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and control group design. The statistical population of the current study included all the mothers of the children with CP in the city of Shiraz in 2017. Non-probable available sampling method and random replacement were used in the present study. After selecting the sample size and replacing them in the experimental and control groups, the experimental group received teaching interventions in ninety-minute sessions once a week during three months. The applied questionnaires in the present study included social stigma and mental endurance. The results from the data analysis showed that teaching resilience and emotion regulation have been effective on perceived social stigma and mental endurance of the mother of the children with CP (P

Background: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between body image and psychological wellbeing during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: This descriptive correlational study was conducted on 320 pregnant women who were referred to health centers in Isfahan, Iran, during 2016 and had the inclusion criteria. They were selected by nonprobability convenient sampling. Data were gathered using standard psychological wellbeing and body image satisfaction questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software by descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Results: The results showed that the mean (SD) score of psychological wellbeing among participants was 77.50 (10.10) and their mean (SD) score of satisfaction with body image was 89.30 (14.60). Moreover, the results revealed a positive and significant relationship between the scores of psychological wellbeing and body image satisfaction (r=0.354, p

Background: Mental disorders can have physical manifestation and are prevailed as psychosomatic signs. Studies about cognitive skills in psychosomatic patient are clinical trials in order to understand somatotization of mental disorder. This study aimed to compare problem-solving skills and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with psychosomatic symptoms and control population. Methods: This was a causal-comparative study during the third simester of 2016, and study sample included 68 people, 34 with and 34 without psychosomatic symptoms, in Isfahan City, Iran. They were selected via convenience sampling from the clients of Psychosomatic Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, and their relatives. The research tools included the Problem-Solving Inventory (PSI) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). Findings: The Multivariant ANCOVA test showed that a significant difference between problem-solving skills (except avoid the tendency style) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in patients with psychosomatic symptoms and control population (P < 0.05 for all). Conclusion: We found that problem-solving skills (except avoid the tendency style) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies play a significant role in presence or absence of psychosomatic symptoms.

Background: Female infertility is a problem that affects almost every aspect of women's lives. Infertile women usually experience stress, anxiety and depression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Iranian-Islamic positive therapy on depression, anxiety, and stress of infertile women. Methods: This research was a two-group quasi-experimental study in Isfahan city, Iran, with pretest-posttest method and three-month follow-up. 30 infertile women referring to Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center were selected via purposeful sampling and were randomly assigned to Iranian-Islamic positive therapy and control groups. The data collection tool was Depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-42) questionnaire. Findings: Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that post-test and follow-up stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly less in experimental group (P < 0.010). Conclusion: This study showed to Iranian-Islamic positive therapy is effective in reducing depression, anxiety, and stress of infertile women in short- and long-term follow up.

In today’s competitive environment, manufacturing and service organizations are constantly following the improvement of their product and service quality. Hence, the information systems are considered as the effective key factors in achieving competitive advantage by these organizations. This is a descriptive-survey type research in which key and effective factors on MIS in MAPNA Company are identified using literature review, fuzzy Delphi method, and DEMATEL technique. The results show that top management support, aligning strategic information systems and organizational strategies, business process and management redesign, quality of input data, recruitment, retention and development of skilled manpower in the field of information systems, data and information security, internet security, reliability of software packages are the key and effective factors on MIS in MAPNA Company. Also, top management support is the most effective and the reliability of software packages is the most impressible factors as well.

Today supply chains are working in an environment that are seeking improvement and decreasing costs and applying alternatives and strategies based on this direction. Lean strategy in one them which helps supply chains for elimination of wastes as the main aim. So, this research aims to design a model for lean supply chain with the emphasis on police environment. This is an analytic-descriptive research from the point of method and practical from the point of end. The statistical population is all managers and specialists of supply chain in Naja and 101 samples were choosed by random sampling. In this research, after designing conceptual model, we applied a researcher made questioner for gathering information and structural equation and PLS software and Friedman test were applied for considering the affections and ranking. The results showed that the dimensions of Naja lean supply chain pattern are as bellow: managerial, production and service, strategic, suppliers and customer orientation

This experiment was conducted to determine total amino acid (AA) content and standardized ileal digestible (SID) amino acid content of 6 different origins of fish meal (FM) and subsequently determine equations that estimate total and SID amino acid contents from chemical composition as well as SID amino acid contents from its total AA. In order to conduct this study, a total of 210 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 7 dietary treatments consisting of 6 semi-purified diets containing each of FM as the only source of dietary protein (200 mg of crude protein/g diet) and one nitrogen-free diet in order to determine ileal endogenous amino acids (IEAA) flow. Birds were allowed ad libitum access to a corn-soybean meal starter diet until ten days, a grower diet from 11 to 23 days, and then experimental diets from 24 to 28 days of age. The total content of Lys and Met among the various samples significantly differed from 1.52 to 2 and 0.59 to 0.77%, respectively (P < 0.05). This difference was observed among the other total and SID amino acids. In this study the accuracy and precision of the models were tested by the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) value, P-value regression coefficients, and standard error of prediction (SEP). The SEP of the developed regression equations for the predicting SID amino acids of FM were from 0.009 (for Met) to 0.056 (for Arg). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]