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Background: Epiphora, a common manifestation of chronic dacryocystitis, requires definitive treatment through dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR), a surgical procedure aimed at creating an alternative fluid drainage pathway. This study aimed to assess how effective both external dacryocystorhinostomy (Ex-DCR) and endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (Endo-DCR) are in managing chronic dacryocystitis, with a specific focus on surgical duration, complication rates, and treatment outcomes. Materials & Method: In this study, sixty participants were prospectively enrolled and evenly divided into two groups. Thirty patients were assigned to the first group and underwent En-DCR surgery, while the second group, also comprising thirty patients, underwent Ex-DCR surgery. Both groups were monitored for a duration of 9 months and assessed for surgical duration, perioperative and postoperative complications, and eventual surgical outcomes. Results: The distribution of patients across age groups and sexes was similar between the two groups (p>0.05). Clinical features such as epiphora, epiphora with discharge, and epiphora with swelling were comparable between groups. En-DCR group demonstrated significantly less intraoperative bleeding (mean:13.5 ml vs 50 ml; p<0.0001) and shorter operative durations (mean: 20 mins vs 37.5 mins; p<0.0001) compared to Ex-DCR group. Complications such as nasal bleeding and hematoma were minimal in both groups, with no significant differences noted. The final outcome, categorized as success (En-DCR vs Ex-DCR: 76.7% vs 83.3%) or failure (23.3% vs 16.7%), did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both surgical techniques offer feasible alternatives for addressing issues related to nasolacrimal obstruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh has tremendous opportunities to harness the potential of the agriculture sector like in vegetable sector which is contributing to our export sector too. Thus, the main focus of this study is to assess the financial profitability of selected eight major vegetables. The cost and return scenario of eight major vegetables that most of the farmers cultivate in the char land area such as brinjal, tomato, chili, bitter gourd, pumpkin, okra, bottle gourd, and amaranth were done for the study. Study areas were chosen in the districts of Mymensingh, Jamalpur, and Sherpur in Bangladesh following a simple random sampling procedure where 240 farmers were surveyed. The results show that the highest and lowest net return found for bottle gourd and okra, were Tk. 195,118 ha-1 and Tk. 32,894 ha-1, respectively. Further, in terms of gross return, bottle gourd production is the most profitable but in terms of net return both the brinjal and tomato are in the same position. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) was the highest (1.98) for bottle gourd followed by tomato (1.96). Among the cost items, labor cost occupies more than half of the total cost which proves that vegetable production is labor-intensive cultivation. The ranking by variable and total cost revealed that farmers frequently choose the lowest-cost production method and the okra is the most preferred product in that method. However, a ranking of the probability of all vegetables was also done. This ranking will help farmers to take their decision according to their resource availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and optimized propeller can reduce ship operating costs substantially. The recent development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has a significant impact on the initial stage of propeller design. Being motivated by the success of a CFD approach known as Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation (RANSE) in solving many hydrodynamic problems, this paper explores the use of RANSE solver to estimate propeller open water characteristics. Multiple RANSE solvers can be used for CFD simulation. Among these k-ω turbulence model is used for its better performance on propeller analysis. Numerical results are compared with the results obtained from well-established polynomial regression formulae of Wageningen-B series propeller. A comparison shows an error of less than 5% for most of the cases. The same propeller is numerically analyzed again after fitting a 19A duct on it. To achieve optimal performance space between the duct and propeller blade tip is kept as small as possible. Grid independence test is done in both cases for a more accurate estimation within a particular time frame. Mesh sensitivity analysis is carried out in this paper based on thrust and torque coefficients. This paper shows that the maximum computed efficiencies for both the conventional and ducted propeller systems are found to be 60% but at different speeds. The ducted propeller system gives better performance up to advance coefficient J=0.48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emulsification potential of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) material obtained from buttermilk whey was investigated. A microfiltration technique was applied to recover MFGM material from the whey, a side-stream of the cheese-making process from the buttermilk. During the preparation of O/W emulsions, a constant ratio of protein and oil was maintained, and homogenised at 0/2, 3/2, 9/2, and 15/2 MPa pressures using a twostep homogeniser. Emulsions prepared with buttermilk powder (BMP) and microfiltrated buttermilk whey (MFBMW) showed similar microstructure and rheological properties. The particle distribution and mean diameter (D3,2) were similar for both materials. However, no cream separation was observed for emulsion prepared with MFBMW during 8-day storage. Despite the differences in the composition, MFBMW showed good creaming stability, and similar emulsifying properties to BMP. These results demonstrated the future perspective of whey valorisation in a high food value dairy application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]