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The antioxidant phenolic compounds that are found in plants are an essential part of human food. These compounds include a benzene ring having one or more hydroxyl groups and ascend from modest phenolic compounds to greatly link with long chained compounds. The oxidation inhibiting action of these compounds is based on the quantity and locus of hydroxyl groups. The main sources of phenolic compounds are fruits vegetable and beverages in human diet and the by product from food and agriculture have considerable amounts of phenolic which may be the main bases of antioxidants. These compounds are useful in treatment of many diseases including cancer, cardiovascular, microbial, viral and inflammatory diseases

Nano particles along with physical software are used in order to increase the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics action of the drug medication. Nano particles are used to maintain an organized way for drug at the place of action. Because of the healing benefits Nano particles have become modern technology in the field of medicine. Scientists are interested to redevelop the dominant pills to bind the uncomplimentary concerns and to grow the healing effects. Modern principles such as Nano-shipping, maintain launch, and many others have advancement. The major conception of the paper is to implement the elementary principles in the discipline of nanoparticles.

The aim was to determine the role of needle aspiration and surgical excision in the management of suppurative Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) lymphadenitis. This prospective study was done in Rafha Central Hospital, over 1.5 years. Thirty two patients were enrolled after informed consent. Needle aspiration was done if size of lymphadenitis was up to 3cm. Surgical excision was done primarily for size more than 3cm or in cases of failed aspiration. Eighteen were males and 14 were females. Median age was 3.75 months (IQR 2-7). All were full term with normal birth weight and vaccinated in first 2 days of life. Predominantly single region of lymphadenitis was involved in 75% cases; with left axilla being mainly affected (56.3% cases). Needle aspiration was done in 18 cases and surgical excision was carried out in 14 cases. Resolution of lymphadenopathy was 7 days in cases of surgical excision, while within 60 days in cases of aspiration. Failure of aspiration was noted in cases of multiple, matted suppurative lymph nodes.

The new accounting standards of IFRS 9 and US GAAP adopt the Expected Loss (EL) approach for loan loss recognition. We investigate the effect of the EL approach on bank loan supply and stability. When a bank is unable to anticipate a downturn in the business cycle, it ends up recognizing the bulk of expected losses after the arrival of a contraction. This aggravates lending procyclicality and can potentially worsen bank stability. We develop a dynamic model of a bank to quantitatively assess these effects and show that they are economically significant.

This paper documents novel empirical evidence on how financial stability matters to firms. I find that firms pay a higher price for loan commitments (i.e., credit lines) from safer banks. A one standard deviation increase in the cross-sectional mean of bank capital increases the commitment fees by 5%. I further exploit exogenous variation in the market value of banks' assets from natural disasters to identify the effect of lender stability on commitment fees. The sensitivity of the fees to changes in the financial health of the bank are higher for firms with higher short term liabilities and higher income uncertainty. However, I do not find evidence that the effects depend on the size of the firm. These results indicate that firms internalize the uncertainty regarding accessibility of credit lines due to financial distress of their lender.

Youtube is one of the most popular video sharing online resource that has millions of users around the world. The huge bulk of videos, which are growing at a high rate is posing problems for users to traverse through to relevant content. Users are facilitated with recommended videos that appeal to there interests. Following a hybrid recommendation approach, videos are recommended based on both collaborative recommendation and content-based recommendation. A limitation associated to this approach is that the videos recommended may not necessarily be appropriate to the current context that the user is in. Its very common for a single user to follow different interests depending of on the context they are in. A context-aware recommender system is proposed for Youtube that keeps track of multiple interests of a user and recommends videos based on their current context only. It serves a user better in finding relevant videos and has higher relevance to human judgment.

Most regulators grant contingent convertible bonds (CoCos) the status of equity. The theory, however, suggests that these securities can distort incentives via inducing debt overhang and risk shifting. In this paper, we therefore theoretically model how the degree of this distortion varies with bank risk. Our model predicts that riskier banks face higher debt overhang from CoCos. Next, analyzing a comprehensive database of CoCo issuance in Europe, we empirically test the predictions of our model. We find that banks with lower risk are more likely to issue CoCos than their riskier counterparts. Since in the current regulatory framework of Basel III banks are expected to raise equity prior to CoCo conversion, future debt overhang makes CoCos an expensive source of capital. Thus, riskier banks will opt for equity issuance over CoCos.

An eight year old female was admitted via OPD with bilateral discharging sinuses. The ostium of the sinuses were at the anterior border of clavicular attachment of sternomastoid. There was H/O off and on whitish discharge, mucoid in consistency coming out from these external openings since last 6 years. It was not associated with any other complaint. There was no H/O respiratory infections, abscess formation, thyroiditis or swallowing difficulties associated with this. According to the location of external openings diagnosis of bilateral III pouch branchial fistula was made. Routine lab investigations showed normal profile. Fistulogram was attempted which was unsuccessful. Both the fistulous tracts were explored under general anaesthesia. The fistulous tract on left side was more developed as compared to the right. The left tract was extending upto the pyriform fossa and the right tract extended upto thyrohyoid membrane. Both tracts were completely excised. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Clear liquids were permitted on the same day. Patient was discharged on second postoperative day and stitches were removed on fifth postoperative day. There were no complications on subsequent follow up for three months.

We analyze the capital structure of banks within the European Economic Area (EEA) consisting of tier 1 contingent capital bonds (CoCos). We find that highly levered banks were more likely to issue CoCos and conditional on having issued CoCos levered banks had higher portion of CoCos in their capital structure. We also find that less risky banks were more likely to issue CoCos. The effect of bank riskiness on the fraction of CoCos in the capital structure is strongest for levered banks. We interpret these results as the response of constrained banks trying to optimize their return on equity (ROE) using CoCos.

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (LVAD) type-axial flow (AX) versus centrifugal flow (CR)-on myocardial structural and functional response following mechanical unloading.The use of continuous-flow LVADs is increasing steadily as a therapeutic option for patients with end-stage heart failure who are not responsive to medical therapy. Whether the type of mechanical unloading influences the myocardial response is yet to be determined.A total of 133 consecutive patients with end-stage heart failure implanted with continuous-flow LVADs (AX, n = 107 [HeartMate II Thoratec Corporation, Pleasanton, California]; CR, n = 26 [HeartWare, HeartWare International, Framingham, Massachusetts]) were prospectively studied. Echocardiograms were obtained pre-LVAD implantation and then serially at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months post-implantation.The 2 pump types led to similar degrees of mechanical unloading as assessed by invasive hemodynamic status and frequency of aortic valve opening. Myocardial structural and functional parameters showed significant improvement post-LVAD in both AX and CR groups. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased significantly from a mean of 18% to 28% and 26% post-LVAD in the AX and CR groups, respectively. Left ventricular end-systolic volume index and left ventricular end-diastolic volume index decreased significantly as early as 30 days post-implantation in the 2 groups. The degree of myocardial structural or functional response between patients in the AX or CR groups appeared to be comparable.Long-term mechanical unloading induced by AX and CR LVADs, while operating within their routine clinical range, seems to exert comparable effects on myocardial structural and functional parameters.

Scaffold-based tissue engineering provides cells with an engineered matrix to enhance and direct cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. One critical limitation to current tissue engineering approaches is the inability to create densely populated constructs thicker than a few 100 μm. We hypothesized that development of porous, channeled scaffolds would increase cell density and uniformity of their spatial distribution through scaffold channel perfusion. Patterned polyurethane sheets were fabricated using a sprayed phase separation technique and laminated together to form 1.5 mm thick channeled scaffolds. Hydraulic permeability testing confirmed the presence of functional channels throughout the multilaminate construct. A continuous flow bioreactor was used to perfuse the construct with medium during the culture period. Cross-sectional cell densities and spatial uniformities were measured in channeled and nonchanneled scaffolds under different seeding and culture conditions. Channeled scaffolds were found to have higher densities of human mesenchymal stem cells than nonchanneled samples. Perfused scaffolds had more uniform spatial distribution of cells within the scaffold compared to statically cultured scaffolds. In conclusion, we have shown the channeled scaffolds to be a promising approach toward creating thick tissue-engineered constructs.