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Background: Since the COVID-19 epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS COV-2) in 2019, with over 376 and 5.7 million people have contracted the disease and died as a result. Objective: This research evaluated the adverse effects of the COVID-19 immunization and its risks factors among healthcare professionals working in Pakistan. Methods: Healthcare professionals who received the Covid-19 vaccine at Mufti Mehmood Memorial Teaching Hospital Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, between June 2021 and May 2022 were the subject of the research. It was determined whether there was a significant connection between the distinct factors and the result variables using bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression (MBLR) models. Results: One or more adverse effects were experienced by 198 (55.73%) of the healthcare employees who received the Covid-19 immunization. Fever, Headache, Myalgia, Tiredness, Injected site pain and dizziness (n=158; 44.63%, n=135; 38.13%, n=109; 30.79%, n=98; 27.68%, n=92; 25.98%, n=86; 24.29%; respectively) made up the bulk of the adverse effects. Healthcare professionals with less than eight years of employment (AOR: 3.47, 95% CI, 1.23-9.69), hesitancy to receive the Covid-19 vaccine's 1st dose (AOR: 3.11, 95% CI, 1.71-4.88), taking antihypertensive drugs (AOR: 2.51; 95% CI, 0.12-0.39), and immunization safety is viewed as being insecurely.

PurposeThe study was initiated to test the relationship of social media site addiction on librarians' performance. Furthermore, the study also tested the mediating role of task distraction and moderating role of effective self-control in aforesaid relationship.Design/methodology/approachThis was an empirical study, and data for the research were collected through a standardized questionnaire from 503 librarians who were having Facebook accounts and are questionnaire developed through “Google Forms” and the link of the questionnaire was distributed using Facebook groups. Data was analyzed using descriptive analysis, correlation, Baron and Kenny's approach, and Normal Test Theory.FindingsResults indicate that social media addiction is an important factor for that is reducing librarians' performance. At the same time task distraction also adds to negative impact of social media addiction on librarians' performance. However, effective self-control can reduce the negative impact of social media addiction on their performance.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has some important theoretical as well as practical implications for librarians, library management, and well as for policy makers and government.Originality/valueSocial media is commonly used for communication but when it becomes addiction, it can reduce the employees' performance. Most of existing researched focused on positive aspects of social media; only few researches explored the negative impacts of social media. The proposed relationship was never tested on librarians. This study filled this literature gap and proposed as well as empirically tested a model for evaluating negative impact of social media on librarians' performance.

The success of businesses is now mostly dependent on e-learning methods as these methods are a rapidly growing innovative technology. Blockchain technology has also been considered to have the ability to change businesses. Therefore, this research aims to explore the direct influence of e-learning on the effectiveness of privacy and security in electronics manufacturing. This study also examines the considerable mediating role of the adoption of blockchain technology between e-learning and privacy and security. Furthermore, the current research investigates how digital orientation moderates the association between e-learning and privacy and security. For the collection of data, the cross-sectional research design and random sampling technique were used, and data were gathered from employees of electronics manufacturing firms in Pakistan through questionnaires. The working response rate of the study was 70%. The findings proved that e-learning plays a considerable role in boosting the privacy and security of electronics manufacturers. The results also demonstrate that the adoption of blockchain technology mediates and digital orientation moderates the link between e-learning and privacy and security. This study adds to the better understanding of management by presenting the significant role of e-learning and blockchain technology in improving the efficiency of privacy and security for electronics manufacturing firms.

Through the innovation network (IN) and the use of artificial intelligence (AI), this study aims to look into the innovation performance (IP) of the healthcare industry. Digital innovation (DI) is also tested as a mediator. For the collection of data, cross-sectional methods and quantitative research designs were used. To test the study hypotheses, the SEM technique and multiple regression technique were used. Results reveal that AI and the innovation network support the attainment of innovation performance. The finding demonstrates that the relationship between INs and IP links and AI adoption and IP links is mediated through DI. The healthcare industry plays a vital role in facilitating public health and improving the living standards of the people. This sector’s growth and development are largely dependent on its innovativeness. This study highlights the major determinants of IP in the healthcare industry in terms of IN and AI adoption. This study adds to the literature’s knowledge via an innovative proposal in which the mediation role of DI among IN-IP and AI adoption-innovation links is investigated.

Biohydrogen (bioH2) is a sustainable energy source that can produce carbon-free energy upon combustion.

This paper examines the direct relationship between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. This study also investigates the mediating role of service innovation and the moderating role of knowledge-sharing between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. This is quantitative research, and cross-sectional data were collected from hotels and tourism firms through adapted scales. The results show that business ethics diffusion and innovation performance are directly linked. Service innovation acts as a mediator between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. Findings also demonstrate that knowledge-sharing moderates significantly between business ethics diffusion and innovation performance. Service innovation performs a crucial role in enhancing the innovation abilities of the hospitality and tourism industry. The current study shows that knowledge-sharing enhances the effects of business ethics diffusion on innovation performance. The theoretical model enlightens the critical role of business ethics diffusion in promoting a high level of service innovation among individuals to boost innovation performance for the hospitality and tourism industry.

Contains fulltext : 291657.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Anti-TNF drugs, such as infliximab, are associated with attenuated antibody responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We aimed to determine how the anti-TNF drug infliximab and the anti-integrin drug vedolizumab affect vaccine-induced neutralising antibodies against highly transmissible omicron (B.1.1.529) BA.1, and BA.4 and BA.5 (hereafter BA.4/5) SARS-CoV-2 variants, which possess the ability to evade host immunity and, together with emerging sublineages, are now the dominating variants causing current waves of infection. METHODS: CLARITY IBD is a prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study investigating the effect of infliximab and vedolizumab on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Patients aged 5 years and older with a diagnosis of IBD and being treated with infliximab or vedolizumab for 6 weeks or longer were recruited from infusion units at 92 hospitals in the UK. In this analysis, we included participants who had received uninterrupted biological therapy since recruitment and without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. The primary outcome was neutralising antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and omicron subvariants BA.1 and BA.4/5 after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We constructed Cox proportional hazards models to investigate the risk of breakthrough infection in relation to neutralising antibody titres. The study is registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN45176516, and is closed to accrual. FINDINGS: Between Sept 22 and Dec 23, 2020, 7224 patients with IBD were recruited to the CLARITY IBD study, of whom 1288 had no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection after three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and were established on either infliximab (n=871) or vedolizumab (n=417) and included in this study (median age was 46·1 years [IQR 33·6-58·2], 610 [47·4%] were female, 671 [52·1%] were male, 1209 [93·9%] were White, and 46 [3·6%] were Asian). After three doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, 50% neutralising titres (NT50s) were significantly lower in patients treated with infliximab than in those treated with vedolizumab, against wild-type (geometric mean 2062 [95% CI 1720-2473] vs 3440 [2939-4026]; p

Objective: To compare the hepatotoxicity in Leflunomide vs Methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Study design: Cross sectional study. Place and duration of study: Study was conducted from Jun 2021 to Mar 2022 at Department of Rheumatology and immunology Sheikh Zayed Hospital Lahore. Methodology: Inclusion criteria were any patient aged between 18-70 years males and females. Patients who were diagnosed with RA according to ACR criteria 2010. Exclusion criteria were pregnancy, Known case of hepatitis B or C, patients having known hypersensitivity to DMARDS. Group A (MTX) of 150 patients received 20 mg/week of MTX and Group B (LEF) of 150 patients received 20mg/day of LEF. The collected data was analyzed on (SPSS) version 24.0. Results: 40 patients were excluded from study. Mean age of patients in Group A (MTX) was 52.73±9.34 years and in Group B (LEF) it was 51.15 + 9.79 years. 44 patients (33.8%) of group A which were given MTX developed GI symptoms while 22 patients (16.9%) of group B who were given LEF developed GI symptoms. Similarly hepatotoxicity was seen in 15 patients (11.5%) of MTX group while 27 patients (20.8%) of LEF group developed hepatotoxicity which was statistically significant (p = 0.04). 5 patients (3.8%) of LEF developed liver fibrosis. Conclusion: We conclude that most LEF with rapid onset of action is quicker in reducing symptoms of RA patients and is associated with high degree of hepatotoxicity with low liver fibrosis when compared with MTX. Keywords: Hepatotoxicity, LEF, MTX, Rheumatoid arthritis

Purpose: The study aims to identify the various diasporic identities, hybrid identities, and identity crisis analyses of a Pakistani film, ‘Khuda Kay Liye’ released on July 20, 2007, written, directed, and produced by Shoaib Mansoor. Method: The present study is qualitative by nature and interpretive by approach. The researchers collected the primary data from the film watching it profoundly. The secondary data was collected from the various relevant articles published in periodicals/journals to build the theoretical argument—analyzing the data utilizing the thematic analysis technique. Main Findings: This qualitative analysis enlightens more significant issues about diaspora and identities in the focused film. Individuals in the film represent themselves distinctive living in another society, culture, or religion, practicing their native (Pakistani) cultural norms and ideologically. Moreover, as a subordinate ethnic group, specifically Muslim characters in the film, face discrimination and oppression. Through qualitative discussions based on excerpts dealing with socio-cultural behavior, the researchers concluded that diasporic identities constitute the core thematic content of the film. Application of the Study: The study would be significant for understanding diasporic and hybrid identities. The academic researcher may adopt the theoretical framework of the present research to employ it on the other genres of Pakistani literature to find the diasporic identities and identity crises. The teachers of Pakistani literature would also seek help to understand and teach the concepts analyzed in the research. The Study’s Originality: The study is contemporary as it employs conceptual, theoretical frameworks to explore the diasporic features in a film.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how digital platforms capability, improvisational capability and organizational readiness directly affect innovation performance. This study also explores how organizational readiness acts as mediator.Design/methodology/approachThis empirical study is based on quantitative research design. Data were collected from 647 managers of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) working in Pakistan. Correlations and regression techniques were used for analyses. The Preacher and Hayes technique, the Sobel test and Bootstrap techniques were used to test mediation effect.FindingsThe results reveal a significant and positive relationship of digital platforms capability, improvisational capability and organizational readiness with innovation performance. Organizational readiness fully mediates the relationships between digital platforms capability and innovation performance link as well as between improvisational capability and innovation performance link.Originality/valueIn the age of digital economy the achievement of innovation performance is very important for SMEs. Businesses are shifting from traditional operational activities to digitalization. This study is imperative to offer new realm of modern technologies by exploring the role of digital platform capability, improvisational capability and organizational readiness for achieving innovation performance in digital economy.

PurposeThe objective of this study is to evaluate the key issues that how social capital augments the initiation of strategic renewal through the mediating role of entrepreneurial orientation and the moderating role of organizational flexibility. In the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of developing economies, the study developed and tested the theoretical model of strategic renewal for analyzing its major outputs.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized cross-sectional design and employ quantitative approach. The data were collected from the owner, managers and executive directors of pharmaceutical SMEs of Pakistan. The study used statistical analysis of correlation and regression for the analysis of data.FindingsThe study discovered that entrepreneurial orientation mediates the positive relationship of social capital and strategic renewal. Moreover, high organizational flexibility strengthens the association between social capital and strategic renewal of SMEs.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence that how to thrive the mechanism of strategic renewal. The study further provides understanding of the effects of organizational social capital, entrepreneurial orientation and organizational flexibility on strategic renewal.

PurposeThis research aims to concentrate on the important concern that how social capital (SC) influences business model innovation (BMI) in the course of the mediating role of organizational learning capabilities (OLC) and the moderating role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). In the context of small and medium enterprises (SMEs), this study empirically tested a theoretical model of BMI to advocate a mechanism for the analysis of its significant determinants.Design/methodology/approachIn order to achieve the objective of the research, survey method was utilized, and data were collected from 521 CEOs, MDs and the owners of ICT sector SMEs. Correlation, causal step approach and regression analysis were used to test the proposed model.FindingsFinding of the research advocates that OLC mediate the relationship between SC and BMI. In addition, stronger EO augments the association between OLC and BMI.Practical implicationsThe study adds to the literature by providing insights regarding the impact of SC, OLC and EO on BMI of small firms.Originality/valueThis research enriches the existing knowledge by testing a mediating role of OLC between SC-BMI link and, therefore, makes an important addition to the existing knowledge in the context of SMEs by concentrating on the relationship between SC, OLC, BMI and EO.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a model of “electronic social entrepreneurship” by integrating social entrepreneurship and information and communication technology to enhance social enterprise effectiveness. Social enterprise has recently emerged as a contemporary form of enterprise to achieve sustainable social order. Thus, besides building economic value, a primary goal of these enterprises is to create superior social value. Although, a considerable number of studies exist on social enterprise, the literature is still lacking in the discussion on electronic social entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopted inductive qualitative approach in which in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted from 32 owners/managers/CEOs of registered social enterprises.FindingsThe analysis of interviews by qualified researchers resulted in the identification of four key themes. These themes included information and communication technology, information and communication technology–based innovation, environmental complexity and social value creation. Frequencies of all the identified themes were calculated, and based on these themes, literature review was conducted to find out the relationships between these themes and to introduce a model of electronic social entrepreneurship.Practical implicationsThe model developed could be used by social enterprises for achieving higher social and economic returns.Originality/valueBased on interviews and literature review, a unique model for electronic social entrepreneurship is developed.

Aim To investigate the effect of social networking site addiction on task distraction among nurses. Background Most of the existing literature focuses only on positive aspects of social networking site, while negative aspects thereof have rarely been highlighted. The current study focuses on finding the impact of social networking site addiction and mental states like envy, social anxiety and rumination on task distraction among nurses. Method Data were collected through self-administrated questionnaires from 378 nurses in Pakistan. The study used descriptive and inferential statistics including correlation and structural equation modelling techniques to test the hypothesized model. Results The results suggest that social networking site addiction results in task distraction which is further enhanced by envy, social anxiety and rumination among nurses. Conclusion The study contends that social networking site addiction stimulates various stressors among nurses such as envy, social anxiety and rumination that augment its negative effects on task distraction. Implications for nursing management Findings of the study can be used develop strategies to control task distraction among nurses to limit its negative impact and to enhance work performance. Awareness campaigns can help nurses and other healthcare professionals to comprehend the effects of using social media at work.

Background: The combination of cyclin dependent 4/6 kinase inhibitors (CDK4/6i) with endocrine therapy (ET) has resulted in clinically significant improvements in progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in hormone-receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, most patients’ disease ultimately progresses on CDK4/6i and ET. Therefore, further research is necessary to understand the mechanisms driving primary and secondary resistance. PROMISE is a multicenter prospective cohort study enrolling women with HR-positive MBC commencing treatment with palbociclib + letrozole (1st line) or palbociclib + fulvestrant (2nd Line). The study provides a comprehensive “omic” assessment of blood, tumor, urine and the fecal microbiome to identify molecular or cellular features associated with primary endocrine resistance (e.g. disease progression ≤ 12 months on treatment) and acquired resistance to CDK 4/6i. Additionally, patient derived xenografts and organoids are created to test new drug strategies designed to overcome resistance to CDK 4/6i and ET. Here, we present initial sequencing results from pretreatment biospecimens collected from PROMISE study participants. Methods: On-study tumor biopsies and blood samples were collected for DNA/RNA sequencing (TempusTM). The analyzed biospecimens were all obtained prior to initiation of palbociclib and ET. We correlated patient clinical characteristics (phenotypes) with molecular data and responses to protocol treatment. The data were analyzed using a series of cutting-edge bioinformatics pipelines for somatic and germline mutations in addition to copy number alterations (CNAs). The study database was locked for analysis on 06/20/2019. Results: We analyzed the somatic single nucleotide variants/INDELs (sSNV/INDEL) profiles across the tumor samples to determine the genes that were least likely to occur as a result of background mutation processes. Twenty-six patients had somatic copy number alterations (sCNA) and/or sSNV/INDEL in at least one of 18 genes with the most significant sSNV/INDEL profiles (p < 0.03) which included clinically and biologically relevant genes. The genes with the most statistically significant sSNV/INDEL mutation profiles were GATA3, PIK3CA, CDH1, and ESR1 (p < 0.0009). We observed a high percentage of tumors with somatic alterations in GATA3 (23% sSNV/INDEL, 15% sCNA), PIK3CA (38%, 12%), CDH1 (19%, 50%) and ESR1 (19%, 58%). ESR1 mutations were more frequent in patients receiving 2nd line treatment. Other frequently altered genes included TP53 (15%, 46%), MAP2K4 (8%, 50%), DNAAF1 (8%, 50%), and CDKN1B (8%, 35%). Further, ZNF317 and F3 were altered in 9 and 7 patients, respectively. Twenty-four samples had alterations in at least one of the CDK4/6 pathway genes (RB1, CCNE2, CCND1, CDK6, ESR1, CDKN2A, CCND3, CDK4, CDK2 and CCNE1). Four patients progressed on therapy; three of the four patients had mutations in PIK3CA, and one had a mutation in ESR1. Results of the RNA sequencing data (N=26) will be presented at the SABCS meeting. Conclusions: This is the first report of a prospective study designed to characterize the genomic landscape of ER+/HER2- MBC prior to palbociclib treatment. We observed high frequencies of known targetable alterations in PIK3CA and ESR1, including in patients that progress, which is consistent with previous reports. RNA sequencing data will be presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Ciara C O Sullivan, Krishna R Kalari, Vera J Suman, Peter T Vedell, Ann Moyer, Erin Carlson, Jason Sinnwell, Tejaswi Alaparthi, Xiaojia Tang, Kevin Thompson, Jaeyun Sung, Alvaro Moreno-Aspitia, Donald Northfelt, Minetta C Liu, Tufia C Haddad, Prema Peethambaram, Saranya Chumsri, Kathryn J Ruddy, Karthik V Giridhar, Roberto A Leon-Ferre, Paula Gill, Mohammad Ranginwala, Asad Javed, Sameer Batoo, Brendan P. McMenomy, Richard Weinshilboum, Liewei Wang, Matthew P Goetz. Comprehensive tumor sequencing to identify biomarkers of palbociclib response: First report of the PROMISE study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-11-07.

Demand for clean energy has increased due to the proliferation of climate change impact from excessive emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from the combustion of fossil fuels. H2 is a clean energy source since water vapor is the only byproduct after its combustion. Growing microalgae offers a promising low-energy and low-cost approach for bioH2 production. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was performed for the production of H2 using microalgae to evaluate the conceptual, intellectual, and social structure of the dataset. In addition, a scoping review of articles was conducted to highlight recent advancements and identify future research recommendations. A total of 184 relevant publications over 23 years (2000–2022) were retrieved from the Scopus database for analysis. The results demonstrated an exponential increase in citations from 283 to 996 in the last decade, indicating the interest in bioH2 production from microalgae. Results also revealed that the International Journal of Hydrogen Energy accounted for more than 25% of the published articles, of which China contributed almost 28%. Oxygen sensitivity of the H2ase enzyme and sulfur deprivation were highlighted as the main limiting factors of bioH2 production using microalgae. It was also evident that the most widely studied microalgae species were green algae, especially Chlamydomonas and Chlorella. Effective process modifications, particularly hybridizing microalgae with bacteria consortium and implementing oxygen regulating strategies, were shown to give up to a 10-fold increase in H2 yield. This study also discusses recent developments in technologies, strategies, microalgal species, and optimizing controlling factors affecting bioH2 production.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the ways in which strategic orientation (SO) and strategic renewal (SR) could create the possibility for improving strategic performance (SP). The indirect effect of SO was also tested in this study. Furthermore, by using the moderated mediation model, the authors also investigated the moderating role of organizational ambidexterity (OA). Design/methodology/approach The results of this cross-sectional study are based on a survey conducted on 1,430 owner/managers of SMEs. To analyze the relationship among variables, this study used descriptive, correlation and hierarchical multiple regression approach. Findings Results revealed that SO positively affects SR and SP in SMEs. Furthermore, the mediating role of SR between the relationships of SO and SP was also confirmed. Moreover, OA strengthens the connection between SO, SR and SP. Practical implications The current study provides new insights for strategic planning and management by focusing on SO along with its different dimensions. Therefore, it provides new guidelines and a roadmap that would be helpful in achieving the objectives of SP. Originality/value The study makes significant contributions to the extant literature by adding new knowledge about the positive impact of SO on SP. Moreover, with the analysis of mediating role of SR in this relationship, the study has made significant addition to the existing literature on SP. Furthermore, moderated mediation model adds value to the existing body of knowledge.

Objectives With the introduction of novel immune therapeutics for the treatment of disseminated malignancies, we sought to evaluate whether deliberate sequencing of immunotherapy before/after conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy would have an impact on clinical outcomes in patients with previously treated metastatic melanoma. We sought to evaluate whether or not ipilimumab immunotherapy administered before or after cytotoxic chemotherapy (nab-paclitaxel+bevacizumab, AB) would impact clinical outcomes. Methods We conducted a randomized phase 2 clinical trial of patients with BRAF wild-type metastatic melanoma (up to 2 prior therapies) who received either: (A) AB followed by ipilimumab therapy at progression; or (B) ipilimumab followed by AB treatment at progression. The primary goal of the study was a comparison of AB versus ipilimumab progression-free survival, with secondary clinical and laboratory endpoints. Results This study did not reach full accrual due to concurrent Food and Drug Administration approval of anti-programmed cell death 1 agents. Nevertheless, the available data suggests a cumulative therapeutic advantage to the sequential use of ipilimumab followed by AB. Correlative laboratory data revealed a favorable effect on systemic immune homeostasis in patients receiving AB therapy, of potential interest in further investigations, especially in the context of chemotherapy/immunotherapy combinations. Conclusion Albeit limited in scope, our data suggest that cytotoxic therapy with nab-paclitaxel and bevacizumab appear to favorably alter systemic parameters of immune function of potential benefit in combination T-cell directed immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

The biodesalination potential at different levels of salinity of Phormidium keutzingianum (P. keutzingianum) was investigated. A wide range of salinity from brackish to hypersaline water was explored in this study to ensure the adaptability of P. keutzingianum in extreme stress conditions. Brackish to hypersaline salt solutions were tested at selected NaCl concentrations 10, 30, 50, and 70 g.L

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship of social networking sites (SNSs) addiction on nurses' performance and how this relationship was mediated by task distraction and moderated by self-management.This cross-sectional study is designed to empirically test the relationship of SNSs addiction, task distraction, and self-management with the nurses' performance.Data were collected by conducting an online survey on nurses across the world using a web-based questionnaire developed through 'Google Docs' and distributed through Facebook from 13 August 2018 - 17 November 2018. The Facebook groups were searched using the selected key terms. In total, 45 groups were found to have relevance to this research; therefore, request was made to the admins of these groups to participate in this research and to post a link in their groups. Only 19 group admins responded positively by uploading a link of the research instrument on their respective group pages and 461 members of these groups participated in the research.Results of the data collected from 53 different countries indicated that SNSs addiction results in lowering the nurses' performance. This relationship is further strengthened by task distraction introduced as a mediating variable. The results show that self-management mediates the relationship between SNSs addiction and employees' performance. Moreover, the results of the study confirm that self-management reduces the negative impact of SNSs addiction on nurses' performance.Social networking sites (SNSs) addiction and task distraction reduce the nurses' performance, whereas self-management enhances nurses' performance.This study addresses the problem of using SNSs at the workplace and its potential effect on nurses' performance. Results demonstrate that SNSs addiction reduces the performance which is further decreased by task distraction; however, self-management of nurses can enhance the nurses' performance. The research has numerous theoretical and practical implications for hospital administration, doctors, and nurses.目的: 此项研究旨在探讨沉迷社交网站(SNSs)与护士表现之间的关系,并探讨注意力分散和自我管理如何调解这种关系。 设计: 此项横断面研究的目的是为了实证检测沉迷社交网站(SNSs)、注意力分散和自我管理与护士表现之间的关系。 方法通过使用一份基于网络的问卷针对全球护士进行在线调查,收集到了数据,其中调查问卷是通过“谷歌Docs”开发的,并且于2018年8月13日至2018年11月17日在Facebook上发布。Facebook组是通过搜索选定关键词完成。共有45组数据与本研究相关;因此要求这些组的管理员参与这项研究,并在他们的组中发布链接。只有19名小组管理员积极响应,在他们的小组页面上发布了研究工具的链接,共461名小组成员参与了研究。 结果: 收集自53个不同国家的数据表明,沉迷社交网站(SNSs)导致护士表现下降。作为一个中介变量,注意力分散进一步加强了这种关系。研究结果表明,自我管理调节了沉迷社交网站(SNSs)与雇员表现之间的关系。此外,此项研究的结果表明自我管理能够降低沉迷社交网站(SNSs)对护士表现的负面影响。 结论: 沉迷社交网站(SNSs)和注意力分散降低了护士的表现,而自我管理则会提高护士的工作表现。 影响: 此项研究探讨了工作场所使用社交网站(SNSs)的问题及其对护士表现的潜在影响。结果表明,沉迷社交网站(SNSs)会降低工作表现,而注意力分散会进一步降低表现;然而,护士的自我管理可以提高护士的表现。该研究对医院管理、医生和护士都具有重要的理论和实践意义。.

Institutional pressures (IP) have a strong effect on organizational strategies and decision making. IP in terms of coercive, mimetic, and normative forces have a direct effect on organizations to develop environmentally friendly business strategies (EFBS) and improve environmental performance (EP). The aim of this study is to examine the effect of IP on EP. Moreover, the mediating role of EFBS in the relationship between IP and EP has also been tested. Results reveal that IP significantly and positively affect EFBS. Moreover, the relationship between EFBS and EP is also significantly positive. However, the direct relationship between IP and EP is weak. The results of the study also confirm that EFBS mediate the relationship between IP and EP. These findings suggest that managers should develop green strategies for the improvement of environmental performance. This study not only offers the empirical evidence to validate the findings of past researchers but also provides insight how IP flourish the mechanism of environmentally friendly business strategies. Furthermore, this study highlighted some interesting facts that should be meaningful options for managers to enhance the environmental performance.

Purpose Social enterprises (SEs) have emerged as a tool to sustainable development. SEs create a social value along with an economic value. However, the aspect of SEs still missing from literature is the process of virtualization. The purpose of this paper is to introduce international social entrepreneurship as an emerging form of social entrepreneurship that is using information and communication technology (ICT)-enabled innovation and networking with international partners as virtual enterprise network, to create social and economic values across the borders. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, qualitative research paradigm is adopted to study the internationalization of SEs. To identify the drivers of internationalization, in-depth literature review was conducted. Articles from six databases and Google Scholar were searched to propose a comprehensive model for internationalization of SEs. Findings There is limited academic work on the use and impact of digital intervention (ICTs) on SEs and, especially, on the virtualization of SEs as there is no paper explaining virtualization of SEs. This paper proposes a model for the internationalization of SEs, named virtual social enterprise. Research limitations/implications The conceptual models and discussions on the virtualization of SEs are very limited in the extant literature. Very few articles could be found that studied the process of internationalization of SEs. Thus, the paper would have far-reaching implications for social enterprise theory and practice. Originality/value This is first study of its kind proposing a comprehensive theoretical model for internationalization of SEs. This model could be used by SEs for networking across international boundaries to control the flow of information and to market their products.

The industrial wastewater discharge is a major contributor to environmental degradation in Pakistan. To make conditions more deplorable, discharges from various industries such as paint, electroplating, battery, etc., are rich in heavy metals concentrations. The effluents from industries are generally used for irrigation or are directly discharged into waterways, ultimately leading to the deterioration of the local ecology and becoming part of the food chain through uptake by vegetation. Various studies are being conducted to figure out the most efficient nature-based solutions. One such technique is to develop constructed wetlands. These are engineered systems employing indigenous wetland plants to remove various pollutants from wastewater. In this study, a sub-surface horizontal flow constructed wetland (SSHW) was used to remove heavy metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and zinc (Zn). The heavy metal aqueous solution was prepared in the laboratory with a concentration of 30 mg/l for each metal. The removal efficiency was calculated for different detention times from day 1 to day 7. Zn showed maximum removal efficiency of 76.56% on day 6, while lead and cadmium showed maximum removal efficiency of 72.6% and 69.67%, respectively, on day 7. The metal’s mobility in a plant, translocation factor, and accumulation coefficient was calculated. The results indicated that Typha angustifolia serves as a bio-indicator for all three metals, and most of the accumulation of metals occurred in the plant's root zone. The results indicated that this technology gives good removal of heavy metals and has a scope for its efficiency. Since it has low operational and maintenance costs, it is comparatively a step toward a green economy.

Rapidly growing urbanization and industrialization make up many challenges for waste management bodies and energy demand to progress, leading to Pakistan being an energy-demanding country. Currently, Pakistan is mostly dependent upon nonrenewable sources, which are costly. The rapid population growth increased the municipal solid waste (SW) products that lead to many waste management problems, i.e., the requirement of an effective waste collection system and waste disposal facilities. Thus, the purpose of the study is to propose a solution for the issues, i.e., to improve the municipal solid waste disposal system by digitizing through GIS, to recommend an appropriate point of WTE plant, to suggest a suitable re-routing network through state-of-art sensors for accessible data collection online, and to optimize the existing landfill sites for improved management and handling of SW for the Lahore city.