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Objective: Fetal growth is known to be affected by ethnic and environmental factors; therefore, intrauterine growth references for each community vary and need to be determined individually. This study aimed to construct intrauterine growth references for Turkish infants. Materials and Methods: This prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study was performed in collaboration with the Turkish Ministry of Health and the Turkish Neonatology Society, in coordination with Mersin University. The study included 33 healthcare centers from all regions of Türkiye. The study included singleton infants who were born alive at 24-42 weeks of gestation. Weight, length, and head circumference were measured within the first 4 hours of delivery. The Lambda–Mu–Sigma method and penalized likelihood were used to establish the curves and construct percentiles. Results: In all, data from 10 286 infants were analyzed and 552 cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. The intrauterine growth curves and tables for Turkish infants were constructed using the data for 9734 singleton infants born at 24-42 weeks of gestation. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to establish intrauterine growth references for Turkish infants, based on a cohort of infants from all regions of Türkiye. Using these new references, the intrauterine growth of Turkish infants and postnatal growth of those born prematurely can be followed-up more effectively, and it will be possible to more accurately determine if Turkish infants are small for gestational age or large for gestational age.

Background:Heart failure (HF) is a common condition that affects 1-3% of the general population. Its prevalence exhibits notable international and intranational disparities, partly explained by socioeconomic status, religion, ethnic diversity, and geographic factors. A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiological symptoms of HF in different regions of Türkiye has yet to be revealed.Aims:To examine epidemiological data from 2016 to 2022, focusing on crucial patient characteristics and geographical regions, to determine the incidence and prevalence of HF in Türkiye across seven diverse geographical regions.Study Design:A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.Methods:The comprehensive National Electronic Database of the Turkish Ministry of Health was used in this study to obtain data that covers the whole Turkish population from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2022. The International Classification of Diseases-10 (ICD-10) codes were used to identify adults with HF (n = 2,701,099) and associated comorbidities. Türkiye is divided into seven geographically distinct regions. Epidemiological characteristics and survival data of these regions were analyzed separately. All-cause mortality was set as the primary outcome.Results:In , the total estimated prevalence of adult patients with HF is 2.939%, ranging from 2.442% in Southeastern Anatolia to 4.382% in the Black Sea Region. Except for the Eastern Anatolia Region, the three most often reported comorbidities were hypertension, dyslipidemia, and anxiety disorders. The rates of prescribing guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) for HF and other medications varied significantly. GDMT prescription rates were lowest in the Eastern Anatolia Region (82.6% for beta-blockers, 48.7% for RASi, 31.8% for mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and 9.4% for SGLT2i). The Mediterranean and Aegean regions had the highest median N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels of 1,990,0 pg/ml (518.0-6,636,0) and 1,441,0 pg/ml (363.0-5,000,0), respectively. From 2016 to 2022, 915,897 (33.9%) of 2,701,099 patients died. The Eastern Anatolia Region had the lowest all-cause mortality rate of 26.5%, whereas the Black Sea Region had the highest all-cause mortality rate of 35.3%.Conclusion:Our real-world analysis revealed geographic disparities in HF characteristics, such as decreased mortality in socioeconomically challenged regions. Higher stress susceptibility in developed regions may increase the likelihood of adverse outcomes.

Aim:Pediatricians may be able to play an important and effective role in providing forward guidance on children’s oral health. When they make the right recommendations, the erosive, cariogenic and staining effects of medications are predicted to reduce. The objective of this research is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of pediatricians concerning the effects of medication use on oral health.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional, descriptive survey study was conducted on pediatricians in İstanbul, Turkey. Data were collected by distributing a questionnaire to pediatricians working in hospitals and private clinics. Differences between the proportions of categories were assessed using the chi-square tests. For the differences between two ordinal variables, rank sums nonparametric test Mann-Whitney U test was used for quantitative analysis.Results:54.3% of the responders informed patients about oral health after prescribing drugs. Only 27% of the pediatricians felt knowledgeable about informing parents about oral care after drug use. Only 17.7% of them agreed with the statement that their training about oral health during medical school/pediatrics is adequate.Conclusion:There is a need to organize the curriculum relating to oral health in pediatrics education and to increase the level of knowledge of pediatricians through educational programmes.

Objective: The aim of study is to introduce method of Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), and to express whether the method is affected from the number of independent variables, the relationship between variables and sample size. Study Design: Simulation study. Material and Methods: SIMCA model is performed in two stages. In order to determine whether the method is influenced by the number of independent variables, the relationship between variables and sample size, simulations were done. Conditions in which sample sizes in both groups are equal, and where there are 30, 100 and 1000 samples; where the number of variables is 2, 3, 5, 10, 50 and 100; moreover where the relationship between variables are quite high, in medium level and quite low were mentioned. Results: Average classification accuracy of simulation results which were carried out 1000 times for each possible condition of trial plan were given as tables. Conclusion: It is seen that diagnostic accuracy results increase as the number of independent variables increase. SIMCA method is a method in which the relationship between variables are quite high, the number of independent variables are many in number and where there are outlier values in the data that can be used in conditions having outlier values.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers in middle aged Turkish males. Patients and Methods: At the beginning, a total of 160 Turkish men aged between 35 and 65 years were included to this study. The final sample comprised of 112 men because 48 men were excluded from the study. BMD of the spine and the hip was measured with dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. After an overnight fasting, serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3, intact parathyroid hormone, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, osteocalcin, C-terminal telopeptide, calcium, phosphorous and alkaline phosphatase levels were measured. Urinary concentrations of calcium, phosphorous and creatinine were also estimated. Results: Twenty-one men (18.8%) had a bone mineral density of ≤ -2.5 SD (T score). There was a significant difference in IGF-1 levels between men with normal BMD and men with reduced BMD (132.5 ± 38.1 and 116.1 ± 40.6 respectively and p: 0.04). Serum IGF-1 levels were positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar spine (r: 0.28, p:0.006), but there was no correlation between IGFBP-3 and BMD of any sites tested. IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and BMD were not correlated with bone turnover markers except serum alkaline phosphatase level. Conclusion: Serum IGF-1 levels were lower in men with reduced BMD and positively correlated with BMD of the lumbar spine. Neither IGF-1 nor IGFBP-3 was correlated with bone turnover markers. Further studies of these factors in skeletal cells are needed to explain their role in the pathophysiology of idiopathic male osteoporosis. (From the World of Osteoporosis 2007;13:37-43)

In this study, it is aimed to compare the retarded, average and accelerated developmental changes of girls and boys for evety sex and age separately, in respect to Greulich and Pyle Atlas basically. The material of this study has been constituted with 698 hand and wrist radiograms obtained from 358 girls and 340 boys among 10-15 years of age. The individuals were divided in to groups, according to the differences between their chronological and skeletal ages for every chronological age group by means of their developmental situation as retarded, average or accelerated. Then the difference between girls and boys, and the differences among every chronological age group were compared by means of development groups. As a result according to Greulich and Pyle Atlas, girls were found more retarded for their skeletal ages relative to their chronological ages where the boys were accelerated.

Objective: The aim of study is to introduce method of Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA), and to express whether the method is affected from the number of independent variables, the relationship between variables and sample size. Study Design: Simulation study. Material and Methods: SIMCA model is performed in two stages. In order to determine whether the method is influenced by the number of independent variables, the relationship between variables and sample size, simulations were done. Conditions in which sample sizes in both groups are equal, and where there are 30, 100 and 1000 samples; where the number of variables is 2, 3, 5, 10, 50 and 100; moreover where the relationship between variables are quite high, in medium level and quite low were mentioned. Results: Average classification accuracy of simulation results which were carried out 1000 times for each possible condition of trial plan were given as tables. Conclusion: It is seen that diagnostic accuracy results increase as the number of independent variables increase. SIMCA method is a method in which the relationship between variables are quite high, the number of independent variables are many in number and where there are outlier values in the data that can be used in conditions having outlier values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]