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Over the past two decades, higher efficiencies have become the goal of most research organizations, and more so for high throughput synthesis. Consequently, there is an urgent need for an advanced purification approach to accommodate the large number of small molecules in a shorter turnaround time. To address this, an efficient and high throughput purification method was developed leveraging the superficially porous particle (SPP) column technology, which was optimized with respect to detector acquisition rate, flow rate, and gradient time. The experiments were performed using a sample mixture of six commercially available small molecules including Nicotinamide (NIC), 4-Amino benzophenone (ABP), Praziquantel (PRA), butyl‑4-hydroxybenzoate (BHB), Warfarin sodium (WAR), and Ibuprofen (IBU). The study outcomes were promising and exhibited a good separation of all six analytes with ∼83 % less turnaround time and ∼65 % less solvent consumption than the regular methods. Furthermore, it showed significant improvement in peak symmetry, capacity factor, and resolution for all six analytes and afforded superior chromatographic performance than the regular method with fully porous particle (FPP) columns. The study concludes that SPP columns provide cost-effective, eco-friendly, and high throughput purification of small molecules.

The response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Timor-Leste offers lessons that may be useful for incorporating into future responses to infectious disease outbreaks in similar resource-limited settings. In this paper, we identify nine key areas for learning from Timor-Leste’s experience of the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) the importance of prior preparation for health emergencies, (2) the establishment of effective leadership and governance structures, (3) the protective impact of early border restrictions, (4) the rapid expansion of diagnostic laboratory capacity, (5) the impact of effective health communications in supporting the vaccine roll-out, (6) the opportunity to build capacity for clinical care, (7) the use of public health interventions that were found to have limited public health impact, (8) the broader effects of the pandemic and the public health response and (9) translation of lessons from COVID-19 to other public health priorities.

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Introduction: With no effective treatment in sight, preventive measures are the only effective way to fight coronavirus. As older adults are highly vulnerable in this pandemic, it is essential to understand and identify gaps in their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding COVID-19 to address them. The study aimed to assess KAP among older adults of urban Rajasthan toward COVID-19 infection and its vaccination. Materials and Methods: The online cross-sectional survey was conducted in June 2021 using a questionnaire with close-ended questions on COVID-19 infection and vaccination with a convenience sample of 100 older adults above 60 years residing in Rajasthan. The questionnaire was developed and validated using Google Forms and circulated via social media. Results: The mean age of the participants was 68.2 years. Seventy-four were male and 72 had educational qualification graduate and above. They demonstrated a moderate level of KAP toward the coronavirus infection. However,

Background: Each year, between 50,000 and 100,000 women worldwide develop obstetric fistulae. Approximately 2 million girls across Asia and Africa are estimated to be affected by this condition. However, there is no reliable data on its prevalence in South-East Asia region (SEAR). Objectives: The objective of this study is to systematically review and synthesize the data on the prevalence and management of obstetric fistula in SEAR. Methods: We searched for the literature that described the prevalence and management practices of obstetric fistula in SEAR. We followed the PRISMA guidelines to select the articles for the review. The quality and relevance were assessed by two reviewers independently using the SIGN checklist. A total of five articles and reports were selected for the review. To review the management practices, we found 63 original studies that were included in the review. Results: We found five community-based studies estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula in SEAR; 3 studies were from India, one from Bangladesh and one from Nepal. The pooled prevalence according to self-reports was 1.11 (3 studies including 671,133 participants, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09, 1.14) per 100 women. The pooled prevalence of obstetric fistula based on the clinical examination was 0.10 (3 studies involving 4547 participants, 95% CI 0.01, 0.20) per 100 women. The value was close to the pooled estimate based on the smaller studies. Conclusion: More studies are needed to estimate reliable community-based prevalence data and also need to develop evidence-based management guidelines.

The expert group at OECD/NEA has proposed a computational benchmark to certify the calculation codes for utilizing weapons grade (WG) plutonium by converting it to mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel for nuclear reactors. The benchmark model consists of two different assemblies of low enriched uranium (LEU) and MOX that are typical of the advanced designs for the VVER-1000 reactors. We have analysed these benchmark problems using the VISWAM code system. The lattice analysis method initially implemented in VISWAM code was based on a combination of 1D multigroup transport and a 2D few group diffusion theory. We have recently developed the interface current method based on 2D collision probability (CP) and incorporated the same in VISWAM code. The present VISWAM code considers the angular flux expansion up to P2 Legendre polynomials in hexagonal geometry which is new and not reported in literature to the best knowledge of authors. The present paper studies the benchmark problem using the two models present in VISWAM and studies the effect of different flux anisotropies on the benchmark results. The results obtained with VISWAM are compared with the other benchmark evaluations given in benchmark specification report.

Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is being recognized with increased frequency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Oesophagitis is the second most common GI manifestation of CMV infection after colitis. We describe a case of severe human CMV oesophagitis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. This patient was successfully treated with ganciclovir.

With prolonged survival of HIV-infected patients, non-infectious complications of HIV/AIDS are now on the rise. HIV-related pulmonary arterial hypertension (HIV-PAH) represents one such disease, and has a very poor prognosis. Although HIV-PAH has low prevalence, it is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of non-infectious complications following HIV infection is not fully understood, and the role that HIV-induced immunosuppression plays in the development of these complications is also not known. Presently, despite having scanty evidence on the management modalities of HIV-PAH, evidence extrapolated from idiopathic pulmonary hypertension is being utilized to manage some of these patients. A case of a 41-year-old female with HIV disease and severe pulmonary hypertension is presented here.

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is an “iceberg” disease. Developing countries are experiencing a dramatic increase in prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus. Studying pattern and outcome of diabetic admissions can be helpful in determining the effectiveness of inpatient and outpatient care. Objective: Diabetes related admissions to medical and surgical wards of a Tertiary Care Center at Jodhpur were retrospectively studied, with an aim to determine the burden that diabetes poses on the health care system. Changes and improvements in both inpatient and outpatient management of diabetes can be made by analyzing the data collected. Methods: A one year retrospective, hospital based, clinical study was carried out at M.D.M. hospital, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India. Medical records of the diabetic patients admitted to the medical and surgical wards, between April 2010 and March 2011 were studied and the data collected was analyzed. Results: During the study period a total 9,320 patients were admitted to medical and surgical wards, out of which 411(4.41%) admissions were diabetes related. The mean age of the patients was 54.51+/-17.12 years (range, 10-90 years). Reasons for admissions were Infections/septicemia (24.57%), Hyperglycemic Emergencies (15.58%), cardiac disease (13.63%) and, renal disease (6.08%). The common associated medical conditions were Anemia (59.85%) and Hypertension (40.14%). Duration of hospital stay ranged from 1 to 34 days, with a mean duration of 5.36 days. Mean duration of hospital stay was the longest (11.36 days) for those admitted for diabetic foot ulcer. Conclusion: Efforts should focus on establishing clinics having facilities for treatment of all aspects of diabetes, including complications.

Background: Brucellosis is an important re-emerging zoonosis with a worldwide distribution. Brucellosis in India is yet a very common but often neglected disease. Methods: A retro prospective study was done in western Rajasthan on PUO patients those who attended Hospital attached of Dr. SNMC Jodhpur. Total 570 samples were tested for Brucella antibodies titration. In study group samples of PUO Patients (420), Milkmen & Veterinarians (70), Meat Handlers (30) & Healthy Control (50) were taken for finding their Antibrucella antibody titers Typhoid by Widal Test, Malaria by MP Strip Test were included in exclusion criteria for PUO patients All samples were tested by Stained Febrile Antigen. Results: Positivity for Antibrucella Antibody was 25.72%, 26.66%, 37.14%& 6.00% in PUO Patients, Meat Handlers & Veterinarians, Milkman & Healthy Control respectively. Conclusion & Recommendations: As climatic conditions of Western Rajasthan mimics with Middle East where Brucellosis is prevalent, in clinical practice Brucellosis should be kept in differential diagnosis & management of PUO& all preventive measure should be used for prevention of this Zoonotic disease. A safe and effective vaccine in human is not yet available. Prevention is dependent upon increasing public awareness through health education programmes and safe livestock practices. Active co-operation between health and veterinary services should be promoted.

Silicosis is a form of pneumoconiosis. It results from inhalation of dust containing crystalline Silica particles of size 0.5 - 5 microns in diameter. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Silicotics is more common when compared to prevalence in general population. This entity is called Silico- tuberculosis. Study was conducted in Kamla Nehru Chest Hospital attached with Dr.SNMC Jodhpur, among 300 stone mine workers of sand stone mines of Jodhpur with clinico-radiological evidence of Silico-tuberculosis. Workers were divided into 3 categories cutter / driller involved in blasting and cutting stones, dresser engaged in fine work by chisel and Labourer - Loading and Unloading of Stones in Mines .All studied patients were males, majority of cases belong to 21-55 years (93%) age group. Among these cases maximum no. of patients belong to 46-50 yr. (18%) age group. This is the most economically productive age group in India. With increase in duration of exposure from (0-20 years) to Silica particles there is increase in the no. of silico-tuberculosis. After 20 year of exposure there is decrease in no. of cases because cases do not survive upto that long period. 137 patients out of 300 cases were confirmed Acid Fast Bacilli positive by smear examination. 123 patients out of 300 cases were bacteriologically confirmed by culture. Out of 123 culture positive cases 66 (53.65%) were typical Mycobacteria& 57 (46.34%) were Atypical Mycobacterium. M. Kansasii(28), M. Scrofulaceum ( 9) ,M. Ulcerans(1) M. Fortuitum ( 19), When radiological pattern of Typical Mycobacteria cases and Atypical Mycobacterial cases were confirmed compared we found that Cavity with Nodulation, Pleural Reaction, Progressive Massive Fibrosis, Lower Lobe Involvement, Pnemothorax they all were more common in Atypical than Typical Mycobacteria. M.Kansasii predominantly grown in mining area all around the world. Prevalence of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Silicotics is more common when compared to prevalence in general population hence all should use prophylactic measures.

The study of well-being is becoming a priority in social sciences. The Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) was developed to assess affective states. The aim of the present study was to validate an abbreviated version of the DRM designed for administration in population studies, and to assess its test-retest properties.1560 adults from Jodhpur (India) were interviewed using an abbreviated version of the DRM, and a week later they were re-interviewed using the original long version of the DRM, after which the abbreviated version of the DRM was compared with the original version. A regression model considering interaction terms was employed to analyse the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on net affect. Test-retest reliability was assessed, and found to be moderate. Positive affect showed more test-retest reliability than negative affect, while net affect had more temporal stability than U-index. The affect of sets A, B, and C, taken together, had a moderate predictive ability compared with the affect obtained using the full version of the DRM: AUC = 0.67 for positive affect; 0.66 for net affect; 0.61 for negative affect; and 0.60 for the U-index. Household income, gender, and setting all had a significant impact on net affect.Net affect and positive affect showed moderate temporal stability, whereas negative affect and the U-index showed fair temporal stability. Evaluating the affective state using the abbreviated version of the DRM provides a profile of the population similar to that of the full version. The results provide considerable support for using the short version of the DRM as an instrument to measure subjective well-being in large population surveys.

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