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Introduction: Bronchoscopy is performed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. It is a challenge for the anaesthesiologist to maintain ventilation for the patient as the patients’ airway is shared between the anaesthetist and the bronchoscopist. Many modalities have been used for anaesthesia and airway management for bronchoscopies. We present a case of bronchoscopy guided foreign body removal under anaesthesia. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained in the patient with the help of nasal airways. Keywords: Bronchoscopy, Ventilation, Nasal airway.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. Effective control of TB is being hampered by the prolonged duration of therapy which leads to poor patient compliance. This can lead to increased relapse rates and emergence of drug-resistant organisms, thus further compounding the problem. An exciting new avenue to reduce the duration of therapy is the use of high-dose rifampicin. High-dose rifampicin is being extensively studied and the data is exciting. It has shown to result in better sterilization and earlier culture conversion with no increase in adverse reactions. These effects of high-dose rifampicin can possibly help reduce the duration of TB treatment. Whether this “high-dose-reduced-duration-rifampicin-regimen” will lead to increased relapse rates is yet to be studied. If not, then this gives physicians a well proven and inexpensive option to cure TB and hence may be the future of TB treatment.

We report a case of pulmonary carcinoid presenting as massive hemoptysis in a pregnant patient. In our patient, diagnosis of carcinoid tumor was suspected after ruling out other probable and possible causes of hemoptysis. It was confirmed provisionally on flexible fiber optic bronchoscopy and later confirmed on histopathology. Our patient had two consecutive emergency surgeries, emergency cesarean section on one day followed by emergency pneumonectomy on next day. The lives of both, the mother and baby could be saved. At three month follow up, the mother did not have any symptoms.

Background: Transcutaneous measurement of carbon dioxide is routinely done at the earlobe site. In patients receiving non invasive ventilation or in the intensive care setting with necklines, an alternate measurement site would be useful. The infraclavicular site has major blood vessels in its viscinity. We started to use the infraclavicular site for transcutaneous measurements of carbon dioxide using a new digital sensor. Aim: Comparison of transcutaneous carbon dioxide with arterial carbon dioxide at the infraclavicular site. Methods: We retrospectively compared transcutaneous carbon dioxide at the infraclavicular site with arterial carbon dioxide in 50 samples. The Sentec Digital Monitoring System (SentecAG, Therwil, Switzerland) was used. The V-Sign digital sensor was placed on the infraclavicular site at the medial two third and one third point from the sternoclavicular joint and acromioclavicular jont. Results: When comparing PtcCO2 with PaCO2 values, the Bland-Altman analysis revealed a bias of 0.15 mmHg (95% CI: [-0.76; 1.05]) with a precision of 3.18 mmHg. Linear regression analysis describes the relationship between the two methods. The slope of the linear model was 0.85. ± 0.04 and the intercept was 5.78±1.58 (RSE = 2.8, R2 = 0.91). Conclusion: The measurement of transcutaneous carbon dioxide at the infraclavicular site is feasible with a digital sensor and has a good correlation with the carbon dioxide values obtained from the arterial blood gas.