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Background: COVID-19 infection is associated with thrombotic events causing micro thrombosis and venous thromboembolism. Anticoagulant treatment has been shown to reduce mortality in COVID-19 cases and is routinely used. Spontaneous extraperitoneal hemorrhage (SEH), which includes retroperitoneal, iliopsoas or rectus sheath hematomas, is a known complication of anticoagulant use. Trans arterial embolization (TAE) is a safe and minimally invasive management option to control bleeding in SEH. We report 7 cases of SEH in COVID-19 patients admitted to Hospital Sungai Buloh. This case series highlights the occurrence of SEH in COVID-19 patients, its clinical and radiological manifestations and management pathways. Case presentation: All patients were on anticoagulants and presented with abdominal pain and/or swelling with sudden drop in hemoglobin. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed contrast extravasation indicative of active bleed. All patients proceeded with conventional transfemoral angiography with option of TAE. TAE was utilized in 6 out of 7 cases and was successful in achieving hemostasis with no procedure related complication. Conclusion: SEH should be suspected in COVID-19 patients on anticoagulants presenting with abdominal pain or drop in hemoglobin. CTA is confirmatory and TAE offers a viable and safe treatment option.

Objective: Long term intravenous access in paediatrics is challenging in terms of ease of procedure, maintenance of catheter and complications. Small calibre of peripheral veins in children make insertion of peripheral long-term access difficult. Our centre adopted the use of tunneled adult Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) for central venous access in paediatrics with the hope to improve these challenges. We describe a single institute 3-year experience of this technique. Material & Methods: Retrospective analysis of patients aged less than 12 years old who had tunneled PICC insertions from January 2018 till December 2020. The following data was recorded and studied: indication, reason for removal, duration of PICC, vessel inserted, device type and complications. Results: Eleven adult PICCs were inserted from this technique in 10 children. The average age was 35.7months and weight was 13.2kg. The youngest patient was 3 months old at 6.9kg. Most common indication for insertion was for long term antibiotics (82%) and the remainder were for difficult intravenous access. The procedure was done under local anaesthetic with sedation in 90% of cases. Average duration of PICC was 26.8 days. Out of 11 PICCs only 1 had line related infection that required premature removal of the catheter. 55% completed the intended duration while 27% of PICCs had dislodged. Conclusion: Tunnelled adult PICC for central venous access in paediatrics is a feasible option for long term vascular access and has a lower risk of infection. However, almost a third of the catheters inserted still suffered premature dislodgement.

Thromboembolic complications are common complications amongst cases of COVID-19 worldwide. This occurrence has seen a key role of endovascular treatment in managing this potentially fatal complication. Endovascular thrombectomy or catheter directed thrombolysis is a fast and effective method for treatment of pulmonary embolisms, especially in the setting of a pandemic. However, good workflow and safety measures should be strictly adhered to ensure a favorable outcome of patients and ensure safety of treating personnel.

Introduction Venous aneurysms are not as common as their arterial counterpart. The choice of management is debatable. Case Report: We present the case of a teenage boy with left external jugular vein aneurysm treated by endovascular technique. Embolisation was done using pushable microcoils with access via the femoral vein and direct puncture. Conclusion This form of treatment provides a less-invasive option with a more concrete evaluation of the venous abnormality and its drainage during venous aneurysm occlusion.