24 results on '"Arunima Kumar"'
Search Results
2. Effect of the deletion of genes encoding proteins of the extracellular virion form of vaccinia virus on vaccine immunogenicity and protective effectiveness in the mouse model.
- Author
-
Clement A Meseda, Joseph Campbell, Arunima Kumar, Alonzo D Garcia, Michael Merchlinsky, and Jerry P Weir
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Antibodies to both infectious forms of vaccinia virus, the mature virion (MV) and the enveloped virion (EV), as well as cell-mediated immune response appear to be important for protection against smallpox. EV virus particles, although more labile and less numerous than MV, are important for dissemination and spread of virus in infected hosts and thus important in virus pathogenesis. The importance of the EV A33 and B5 proteins for vaccine induced immunity and protection in a murine intranasal challenge model was evaluated by deletion of both the A33R and B5R genes in a vaccine-derived strain of vaccinia virus. Deletion of either A33R or B5R resulted in viruses with a small plaque phenotype and reduced virus yields, as reported previously, whereas deletion of both EV protein-encoding genes resulted in a virus that formed small infection foci that were detectable and quantifiable only by immunostaining and an even more dramatic decrease in total virus yield in cell culture. Deletion of B5R, either as a single gene knockout or in the double EV gene knockout virus, resulted in a loss of EV neutralizing activity, but all EV gene knockout viruses still induced a robust neutralizing activity against the vaccinia MV form of the virus. The effect of elimination of A33 and/or B5 on the protection afforded by vaccination was evaluated by intranasal challenge with a lethal dose of either vaccinia virus WR or IHD-J, a strain of vaccinia virus that produces relatively higher amounts of EV virus. The results from multiple experiments, using a range of vaccination doses and virus challenge doses, and using mortality, morbidity, and virus dissemination as endpoints, indicate that the absence of A33 and B5 have little effect on the ability of a vaccinia vaccine virus to provide protection against a lethal intranasal challenge in a mouse model.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Immunostimulants for shrimp aquaculture: paving pathway towards shrimp sustainability
- Author
-
Kumar, Santosh, Verma, Arunima Kumar, Singh, Shivesh Pratap, and Awasthi, Abhishek
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Healthy Shrimps on the Platter: Encouraging Eco‐Friendly Means to Promote Shrimp Aquaculture Industry
- Author
-
Yadav, Kanika, primary, Verma, Arunima Kumar, additional, Pathak, Ajey Kumar, additional, and Awasthi, Abhishek, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Quercetin: A Putative Eco‐friendly Wide Spectrum Antiviral Against Dengue
- Author
-
Singh, Satpal, primary, Verma, Arunima Kumar, additional, Thakur, Gaurav, additional, Sharma, Shikha, additional, and Awasthi, Abhishek, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Insight into Molecular Interaction between Viral Envelop Protein VP26 and Eco‐Friendly Phytochemical Quercetin
- Author
-
Kumar, Santosh, primary, Verma, Arunima Kumar, additional, Thakur, Gaurav, additional, Dwivedi, Arti, additional, and Awasthi, Abhishek, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Insight into molecular interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through MjsvCL-VP28 complex: an in-silicoapproach
- Author
-
Yadav, Kanika, Verma, Arunima Kumar, Gupta, Sunita, Pathak, Ajey Kumar, Sharma, Shikha, and Awasthi, Abhishek
- Abstract
AbstractWhite Spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimps caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus in multifarious shrimp species. At present there is no absolute medication to suppress the disease hence, there is an urgent need for development of drug against the virus. Molecular interaction between viral envelope protein VP28 and shrimp receptor protein especially chitins play a pivotal role in ingression of WSSV. In the present study, we have tried to shed light on structural aspects of lectin protein in Marsupenaeus japonicus(MjsvCL). A structural insight to the CTLD-domain of MjsvCL has facilitated the understanding of the binding mechanism between the two proteins that is responsible for entry of WSSV into shrimps. Further, incorporation of molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA studies revealed the affinity of binding and certain hotspot residues, which are critical for association of both the proteins. For the first time we have proposed that these amino acids are quintessential for formation of VP28-MjsvCL complex and play crucial role in entry of WSSV into shrimps. Targeting the interaction between VP28 and CTLD of MjsvCL may possibly serve as a potential drug target. The current study provides information for better understanding the interaction between VP28 and MjsvCL that could be a plausible site for future inhibitors against WSSV in shrimps.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Immunostimulants for shrimp aquaculture: paving pathway towards shrimp sustainability
- Author
-
Kumar, Santosh, Verma, Arunima Kumar, Singh, Shivesh Pratap, and Awasthi, Abhishek
- Subjects
animal structures ,Eco-friendly ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,fungi ,Food security ,General Medicine ,Antivirals ,Environmental Sustainability and Remediation ,Immunostimulants ,Pollution ,Shrimp sustainable aquaculture ,White spot disease ,White spot syndrome virus ,Environmental Chemistry - Abstract
At present, food security is a matter of debate of global magnitude and fulfilling the feeding requirement of > 8 billion human populations by 2030 is one of the major concerns of the globe. Aquaculture plays a significant role to meet the global food requirement. Shrimp species such as Litopenaeus vannamei, Penaeus monodon, and Macrobrachium rosenbergii are among the most popular food commodities worldwide. As per Global Outlook for Aquaculture Leadership survey, disease outbreaks have been a matter of concern from the past many decades regarding the shrimp aquaculture production. Among the past disease outbreaks, white spot disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus is considered to be one of the most devastating ones that caused colossal losses to the shrimp industry. Since the virus is highly contagious, it spreads gregariously among the shrimp population; hence, practicing proper sanitization practices is crucial in order to have disease-free shrimps. Additionally, in order to control the disease, antibiotics were used that further leads to bioaccumulation and biomagnification of antibiotics in several food webs. The bioaccumulation of the toxic residues in the food webs further adversely affected human too. Recently, immunostimulants/antivirals were used as an alternative to antibiotics. They were found to enhance the immune system of shrimps in eco-friendly manner. In context to this, the present paper presents a critical review on the immunostimulants available from plants, animals, and chemicals against WSSV in shrimps. Looking into this scenario, maintaining proper sanitation procedures in conjunction with the employment of immunostimulants may be a viable approach for preserving shrimp aquaculture across the globe.
- Published
- 2022
9. Insight into molecular interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through MjsvCL-VP28 complex: an
- Author
-
Kanika, Yadav, Arunima Kumar, Verma, Sunita, Gupta, Ajey Kumar, Pathak, Shikha, Sharma, and Abhishek, Awasthi
- Abstract
White Spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimps caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus in multifarious shrimp species. At present there is no absolute medication to suppress the disease hence, there is an urgent need for development of drug against the virus. Molecular interaction between viral envelope protein VP28 and shrimp receptor protein especially chitins play a pivotal role in ingression of WSSV. In the present study, we have tried to shed light on structural aspects of lectin protein in
- Published
- 2022
10. Insight into molecular interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through MjsvCL-VP28 complex: an in-silico approach
- Author
-
Yadav, Kanika, primary, Verma, Arunima Kumar, additional, Gupta, Sunita, additional, Pathak, Ajey Kumar, additional, Sharma, Shikha, additional, and Awasthi, Abhishek, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. In Silico Prediction of Molecular Interaction Within PmCBP-VP24 Complex to Understand Initial Instigation of WSSV into Shrimps
- Author
-
Abhishek Awasthi, Arunima Kumar Verma, Kanika Yadav, and Ajey Kumar Pathak
- Subjects
animal structures ,Viral entry ,In silico ,fungi ,Genetics ,Computational biology ,Aquatic Science ,Biology - Abstract
White Spot Disease is one of the most devastating diseases of shrimps. Molecular interaction between shrimp receptor protein PmCBP (Chitin binding protein of Peneaus monodon) and viral envelop protein VP24 is obligatory for binding of the White Spot Syndrome Virus to the shrimp digestive tract, and failure of this anchoring leads to an ineffectual infection. This is a first study that throws light on the molecular interaction of PmCBP-VP24 complex and provides important clues for initial steps of ingression of the virus into shrimps.
- Published
- 2021
12. Insight into molecular interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through MjsvCL-VP28 complex: an in-silico approach
- Author
-
Kanika Yadav, Arunima Kumar Verma, Sunita Gupta, Ajey Kumar Pathak, Shikha Sharma, and Abhishek Awasthi
- Subjects
Structural Biology ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
White Spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimps caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus in multifarious shrimp species. At present there is no absolute medication to suppress the disease hence, there is an urgent need for development of drug against the virus. Molecular interaction between viral envelope protein VP28 and shrimp receptor protein especially chitins play a pivotal role in ingression of WSSV. In the present study, we have tried to shed light on structural aspects of lectin protein in Marsupenaeus japonicus (MjsvCL). A structural insight to the CTLD-domain of MjsvCL has facilitated the understanding of the binding mechanism between the two proteins that is responsible for entry of WSSV into shrimps. Further, incorporation of molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA studies revealed the affinity of binding and certain hotspot residues, which are critical for association of both the proteins. For the first time we have proposed that these amino acids are quintessential for formation of VP28-MjsvCL complex and play crucial role in entry of WSSV into shrimps. Targeting the interaction between VP28 and CTLD of MjsvCL may possibly serve as a potential drug target. The current study provides information for better understanding the interaction between VP28 and MjsvCL that could be a plausible site for future inhibitors against WSSV in shrimps. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through PmRab7-VP28 complex: an insight using simulation and docking studies
- Author
-
Verma, Arunima Kumar, Gupta, Shipra, Verma, Sharad, Mishra, Abha, Nagpure, N. S., Singh, Shivesh Pratap, Pathak, Ajey Kumar, Sarkar, Uttam Kumar, Singh, Shri Prakash, Singh, Mahender, and Seth, Prahlad Kishore
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. In Silico Prediction of Molecular Interaction Within PmCBP-VP24 Complex to Understand Initial Instigation of WSSV into Shrimps
- Author
-
Yadav, Kanika, primary, Verma, Arunima Kumar, additional, Pathak, Ajey Kumar, additional, and Awasthi, Abhishek, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. News Discourse of Terror Attacks on Twitter: Comparative Analysis of CNN and Al Jazeera's Coverage of 2015 Islamic State Attacks in Beirut and Paris
- Author
-
Ruchi Jaggi and Arunima Kumar
- Subjects
Medieninhalte, Aussagenforschung ,Linguistics and Language ,Middle East ,Literature and Literary Theory ,business.industry ,Communication ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Happening ,Media studies ,Islam ,Media Contents, Content Analysis ,Language and Linguistics ,ddc:070 ,Digital media ,Politics ,State (polity) ,Political science ,Terrorism ,CNN ,Al Jazeera ,media bias ,terror attacks ,social media ,digital age ,Twitter ,terrorism reporting ,Social media ,Publizistische Medien, Journalismus,Verlagswesen ,business ,media_common ,News media, journalism, publishing - Abstract
The period between 2014 and 2016 saw the rise of the radical Islamist terrorist group Islamic State (IS), which committed acts of terrorism in not only Syria and Iraq but also unleashed violence in the rest of the world. Twitter took the lead in being the source of receiving and giving quick updates on terror news. However, a key question that arises is about balanced coverage. Media made enormous efforts to humanize the terror attacks in the West, while what was happening in West Asia (Middle East) was constructed from a partisan political position. The researchers studied the coverage of the Beirut attack and the Paris attack, both of which took place in November 2015. The Twitter handles of Al Jazeera and CNN’s Breaking News were used to conduct the study. The data analysis establishes that there was a clear imbalance while covering Islamic State attacks in Paris and Beirut, respectively. The Paris attack received far more coverage from both CNN and Al Jazeera in terms of quantum and nature of issues addressed.
- Published
- 2020
16. News Discourse of Terror Attacks on Twitter: Comparative Analysis of CNN and Al Jazeera’s Coverage of 2015 Islamic State Attacks in Beirut and Paris
- Author
-
RUCHI JAGGI, ARUNIMA KUMAR
- Subjects
Social media ,Communication ,Digital communications ,Social networks ,Digital media - Abstract
The period between 2014 and 2016 saw the rise of the radical Islamist terrorist group Islamic State (IS), which committed acts of terrorism in not only Syria and Iraq but also unleashed violence in the rest of the world. Twitter took the lead in being the source of receiving and giving quick updates on terror news. However, a key question that arises is about balanced coverage. Media made enormous efforts to humanize the terror attacks in the West, while what was happening in West Asia (Middle East) was constructed from a partisan political position. The researchers studied the coverage of the Beirut attack and the Paris attack, both of which took place in November 2015. The Twitter handles of Al Jazeera and CNN’s Breaking News were used to conduct the study. The data analysis establishes that there was a clear imbalance while covering Islamic State attacks in Paris and Beirut, respectively. The Paris attack received far more coverage from both CNN and Al Jazeera in terms of quantum and nature of issues a ddressed.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. An update on mechanism of entry of white spot syndrome virus into shrimps
- Author
-
Shivesh Pratap Singh, Naresh Sahebrao Nagpure, Shipra Gupta, and Arunima Kumar Verma
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,animal structures ,Host–pathogen interaction ,White spot syndrome ,Context (language use) ,Aquatic Science ,Virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,White spot syndrome virus 1 ,Penaeidae ,Viral entry ,Animals ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pathogen ,biology ,Host (biology) ,fungi ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Virus Internalization ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Shrimp ,030104 developmental biology ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,040102 fisheries ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries - Abstract
Host-parasite relationships can be best understood at the level of protein-protein interaction between host and pathogen. Such interactions are instrumental in understanding the important stages of life cycle of pathogen such as adsorption of the pathogen on host surface followed by effective entry of pathogen into the host body, movement of the pathogen across the host cytoplasm to reach the host nucleus and replication of the pathogen within the host. White Spot Disease (WSD) is a havoc for shrimps and till date no effective treatment is available against the disease. Moreover information regarding the mechanism of entry of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) into shrimps, as well as knowledge about the protein interactions occurring between WSSV and shrimp during viral entry are still at very meagre stage. A cumulative and critically assessed information on various viral-shrimp interactions occurring during viral entry can help to understand the exact pathway of entry of WSSV into the shrimp which in turn can be used to device drugs that can stop the entry of virus into the host. In this context, we highlight various WSSV and shrimp proteins that play role in the entry mechanism along with the description of the interaction between host and pathogen proteins.
- Published
- 2017
18. A monoclonal antibody‐based immunoassay for measuring the potency of 2009 pandemic influenza <scp>H</scp> 1 <scp>N</scp> 1 vaccines
- Author
-
Falko Schmeisser, Anupama Vasudevan, Ollie Williams, Jackeline Soto, Jerry P. Weir, and Arunima Kumar
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Epidemiology ,Influenza vaccine ,medicine.drug_class ,Hemagglutinin (influenza) ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,potency assay ,Monoclonal antibody ,Virus ,Mice ,Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ,Antigen ,Influenza, Human ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Potency ,Radial immunodiffusion ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,Original Articles ,Virology ,Infectious Diseases ,Vaccines, Inactivated ,Influenza Vaccines ,Influenza virus vaccine ,monoclonal antibody ,Immunoassay ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,business - Abstract
Background The potency of inactivated influenza vaccines is determined using a single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. This assay is relatively easy to standardize, it is not technically demanding, and it is capable of measuring the potency of several vaccine strain subtypes in a multivalent vaccine. Nevertheless, alternative methods that retain the major advantages of the SRID, but with a greater dynamic range of measurement and with reduced reagent requirements, are needed. Objectives The feasibility of an ELISA-based assay format was explored as an alternative potency assay for inactivated influenza vaccines. Methods Several murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), specific for the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), were evaluated for their potential to capture and quantify HA antigen. Vaccine samples, obtained from four licensed influenza vaccine manufacturers, included monovalent bulk vaccine, monovalent vaccine, and trivalent vaccine. Traditional SRID potency assays were run in parallel with the mAb–ELISA potency assay using the reference antigen standard appropriate for the vaccine samples being tested. Results The results indicated that the ELISA potency assay can quantify HA over a wide range of concentrations, including vaccine at subpotent doses, and the ELISA and SRID potency values correlated well for most vaccine samples. Importantly, the assay was capable of quantifying A/California HA in a trivalent formulation. Conclusions This study demonstrates the general feasibility of the mAb approach and strongly suggests that such ELISAs have potential for continued development as an alternative method to assay the potency of inactivated influenza vaccines.
- Published
- 2014
19. Interaction between shrimp and white spot syndrome virus through PmRab7-VP28 complex: an insight using simulation and docking studies
- Author
-
Shivesh Pratap Singh, Ajey Kumar Pathak, Sharad Verma, Shipra Gupta, Naresh Sahebrao Nagpure, Mahender Singh, Abha Mishra, Prahlad Kishore Seth, Arunima Kumar Verma, Uttam Kumar Sarkar, and Shri Prakash Singh
- Subjects
Molecular Sequence Data ,White spot syndrome ,Plasma protein binding ,Computational biology ,Molecular Dynamics Simulation ,Biology ,Molecular Docking Simulation ,Catalysis ,Penaeus monodon ,Inorganic Chemistry ,White spot syndrome virus 1 ,Penaeidae ,Viral Envelope Proteins ,Protein Interaction Mapping ,Animals ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Peptide sequence ,Organic Chemistry ,rab7 GTP-Binding Proteins ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Computer Science Applications ,Shrimp ,Computational Theory and Mathematics ,rab GTP-Binding Proteins ,Docking (molecular) ,Protein Binding - Abstract
White spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimp Penaeus monodon in which the shrimp receptor protein PmRab7 interacts with viral envelop protein VP28 to form PmRab7-VP28 complex, which causes initiation of the disease. The molecular mechanism implicated in the disease, the dynamic behavior of proteins as well as interaction between both the biological counterparts that crafts a micro-environment feasible for entry of virus into the shrimp is still unknown. In the present study, we applied molecular modeling (MM), molecular dynamics (MD) and docking to compute surface mapping of infective amino acid residues between interacting proteins. Our result showed that α-helix of PmRab7 (encompassing Ser74, Ile143, Thr184, Arg53, Asn144, Thr184, Arg53, Arg79) interacts with β-sheets of VP28 (containing Ser74, Ile143, Thr184, Arg53, Asn144, Thr184, Arg53, Arg79) and Arg69-Ser74, Val75-Ile143, Leu73-Ile143, Arg79-Asn144, Ala198-Ala182 bonds contributed in the formation of PmRab7-VP28 complex. Further studies on the amino acid residues and bonds may open new possibilities for preventing PmRab7-VP28 complex formation, thus reducing chances of WSD. The quantitative predictions provide a scope for experimental testing in future as well as endow with a straightforward evidence to comprehend cellular mechanisms underlying the disease.
- Published
- 2012
20. Comparative Evaluation of the Immune Responses and Protection Engendered by LC16m8 and Dryvax Smallpox Vaccines in a Mouse Model
- Author
-
Lisa R. King, Joseph Campbell, Alonzo D. Garcia, Hana Golding, Paul Listrani, Arunima Kumar, Anne E. Mayer, Jody Manischewitz, Clement A. Meseda, Jerry P. Weir, and Michael Merchlinsky
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,viruses ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Immunology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Antibodies, Viral ,complex mixtures ,Immunoglobulin G ,Virus ,Dryvax ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Immune system ,Neutralization Tests ,Serial passage ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Smallpox vaccine ,Mice, Inbred BALB C ,biology ,Body Weight ,Vaccine Research ,Survival Analysis ,Virology ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Vaccinia ,Antibody ,Smallpox Vaccine ,Smallpox - Abstract
The immune response elicited by LC16m8, a candidate smallpox vaccine that was developed in Japan by cold selection during serial passage of the Lister vaccine virus in primary rabbit kidney cells, was compared to Dryvax in a mouse model. LC16m8 carries a mutation resulting in the truncation of the B5 protein, an important neutralizing target of the extracellular envelope form of vaccinia virus (EV). LC16m8 elicited a broad-spectrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) response that neutralized both EV and the intracellular mature form of vaccinia virus and provoked cell-mediated immune responses, including the activation of CD4 + and CD8 + cells, similarly to Dryvax. Mice inoculated with LC16m8 had detectable but low levels of anti-B5 IgG compared to Dryvax, but both Dryvax and LC16m8 sera neutralized vaccinia virus EV in vitro. A truncated B5 protein (∼8 kDa) was expressed abundantly in LC16m8-infected cells, and both murine immune sera and human vaccinia virus immunoglobulin recognized the truncated recombinant B5 protein in antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At a high-dose intranasal challenge (100 or 250 50% lethal doses), LC16m8 and Dryvax conferred similar levels of protection against vaccinia virus strain WR postvaccination. Taken together, the results extend our current understanding of the protective immune responses elicited by LC16m8 and indicate that the relative efficacy in a mouse model rivals that of previously licensed smallpox vaccines.
- Published
- 2009
21. An update on mechanism of entry of white spot syndrome virus into shrimps
- Author
-
Verma, Arunima Kumar, primary, Gupta, Shipra, additional, Singh, Shivesh Pratap, additional, and Nagpure, Naresh Sahebrao, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Characterization and Use of Mammalian-Expressed Vaccinia Virus Extracellular Membrane Proteins for Quantification of the Humoral Immune Response to Smallpox Vaccines
- Author
-
Arunima Kumar, Clement A. Meseda, Anne E. Mayer, Michael Merchlinsky, Jerry P. Weir, and Alonzo D. Garcia
- Subjects
Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,viruses ,Genetic Vectors ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Immunology ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Vaccinia virus ,Antibodies, Viral ,Semliki Forest virus ,complex mixtures ,Virus ,Dryvax ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cricetinae ,Chlorocebus aethiops ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Smallpox vaccine ,Antigens, Viral ,Vero Cells ,Recombination, Genetic ,biology ,Immunogenicity ,Virion ,Membrane Proteins ,Vaccine Research ,biology.organism_classification ,Semliki forest virus ,Virology ,Vaccination ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Immunization ,Antibody ,Vaccinia ,Smallpox Vaccine ,HeLa Cells - Abstract
The licensed smallpox vaccine Dryvax is used as the standard in comparative immunogenicity and protection studies of new smallpox vaccine candidates. Although the correlates of protection against smallpox are unknown, recent studies have shown that a humoral response against the intracellular mature virion and extracellular enveloped virion (EV) forms of vaccinia virus is crucial for protection. Using a recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV) vector system, we expressed a set of full-length EV proteins for the development of EV antigen-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and the production of monospecific antisera. The EV-specific ELISAs were used to evaluate the EV humoral response elicited by Dryvax and the nonreplicating modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) in mouse vaccination experiments comparing doses and routes of vaccination. Quantitatively similar titers of antibodies against EV antigens A33R, A56R, and B5R were measured in mice vaccinated with Dryvax and MVA when MVA was administered at a dose of 10 8 plaque-forming units. Further, a substantial increase in the EV-specific antibody response was induced in mice inoculated with MVA by using a prime-boost schedule. Finally, we investigated the abilities of the EV-expressing rSFV vectors to elicit the production of polyclonal monospecific antisera against the corresponding EV proteins in mice. The monospecific serum antibody levels against A33R, A56R, and B5R were measurably higher than the antibody levels induced by Dryvax. The resulting polyclonal antisera were used in Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assays, indicating that rSFV particles are useful vectors for generating monospecific antisera.
- Published
- 2007
23. Identification and preliminary characterization of vaccinia virus (Dryvax) antigens recognized by vaccinia immune globulin
- Author
-
Yong He, Alonzo D. Garcia, Arunima Kumar, Jerry P. Weir, Michael Merchlinsky, Clement A. Meseda, Carol D. Weiss, and Agnes Jones-Trower
- Subjects
Inclusion body protein ,viruses ,Blotting, Western ,Immunoglobulins ,Vaccinia virus ,Antibodies, Viral ,complex mixtures ,Virus ,Inclusion Bodies, Viral ,Dryvax ,Mice ,Viral Proteins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Antigen ,Virology ,Vaccinia ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunoprecipitation ,Humoral response ,Smallpox vaccine ,Antigens, Viral ,biology ,Immunogenicity ,MVA ,VIG ,Vaccinia immune globulin ,chemistry ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,Smallpox Vaccine - Abstract
Using vaccinia immune globulin (VIG), a high-titer antibody preparation from immunized subjects, we demonstrate that the humoral immune response in humans is directed against numerous antigens in the Dryvax vaccine strain. Western blot and immunoprecipitation analyses revealed highly antigenic proteins associated with both the extracellular enveloped virus and intracellular mature virus forms. The modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), a new generation smallpox vaccine that is attenuated for replication in humans, expresses most, but not all, of the major vaccinia antigens recognized by antibodies in VIG, lacking the highly antigenic protein corresponding to the A-type inclusion body protein. Since new-generation smallpox vaccines such as MVA will require extensive comparison to traditional smallpox vaccines in animal models of immunogenicity and protection, we compared the vaccinia virus antigens recognized by VIG to those recognized by sera from Dryvax and MVA immunized mice. The humoral immune response in immunized mice is qualitatively similar to that in humans.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. MDR1 Promoter Hypermethylation in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells: Changes in Chromatin Structure Induced by Treatment with 5-Aza-Cytidine
- Author
-
Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, William G. Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo, Gloria L. David, Xiaohiu Lin, Valerie L. Marchi, and Arunima Kumar
- Subjects
Transcriptional Activation ,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ,Cancer Research ,medicine.drug_class ,DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitor ,Breast Neoplasms ,Decitabine ,Hydroxamic Acids ,physiological processes ,Histones ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,polycyclic compounds ,medicine ,Humans ,ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1 ,RNA, Messenger ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,Promoter Regions, Genetic ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,DNA Modification Methylases ,neoplasms ,Pharmacology ,Regulation of gene expression ,Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ,biology ,Histone deacetylase inhibitor ,Acetylation ,DNA Methylation ,Molecular biology ,Chromatin ,Drug Resistance, Multiple ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors ,Histone ,Oncology ,Doxorubicin ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cancer cell ,DNA methylation ,Azacitidine ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Molecular Medicine ,Female ,Chromatin immunoprecipitation - Abstract
Resistance to the cytotoxic actions of antineoplastic drugs, whether intrinsic or acquired, remains a barrier to the establishment of curative chemotherapy regimens for advanced breast cancer. Over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene and known to mediate resistance to many antineoplastic drugs, may contribute to poor breast cancer treatment outcome. Nonetheless, the precise molecular mechanisms responsible for high or low level P-gp expression in breast cancer cells have not been established. We assessed the role of DNA hypermethylation near the MDR1 transcriptional regulatory region in MDR1 expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which fail to express MDR1 mRNA, and MCF-7/ADR cells, known to express high MDR1 mRNA levels. When compared to MCF-7/ADR cells, MCF-7 cells manifested markedly diminished MDR1 transcription rates by nuclear run-off assay, but equivalent MDR1 promoter trans-activation activity in transient transfection experiments, indicating that cis factors were most likely responsible for the differences in MDR1 transcription between MCF-7/ADR cells and MCF-7 cells. Bisulfite genomic sequencing analyses revealed substantially less extensive MDR1 promoter methylation in MCF-7/ADR cells than in MCF-7 cells, suggesting that CpG dinucleotide methylation might contribute to the observed MDR1 transcription differences. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses indicated an inactive MDR1 chromatin conformation in MCF-7 cells, with a paucity of acetylated histones and the presence of 5-mC-binding proteins MeCP2 and MBD2, and an active MDR1 chromatin conformation in MCF-7/ADR cells, with an abundance of acetylated histones and the presence of the transcriptional trans-activator YB-1. Stable MCF-7 sublines which had been treated with the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine, exhibited a reduction in MDR1 promoter methylation and a complex MDR1 chromatin configuration, characterized by the simultaneous presence of transcriptional activators and repressors. In this state, MDR1 expression was markedly sensitive to treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A.
- Published
- 2004
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.