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Vitamin D deciency is one of the prominent nutritional deciencies in India that needs special attention. The effects of hypovitaminosis D on skeletal and cardiovascular functions are well known. However, its effect on metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is still left unexplored. In the present study, our primary aim is to nd out the potential effect of hypovitaminosis D in T2DM patients. The study was conducted on 250 T2DM patients mainly from Madhya Pradesh, India. Among them, 125 had hypovitaminosis D (case group) and were compared against the control group of 125 patients with normal serum vitamin D. We were mainly investigating the major T2DM-related complications including chronic kidney disease (CKD), coronary heart disease (CHD and recurrent infections. Major organ functions including liver, kidney, and cardiac functions were affected by hypovitaminosis D in T2DM patients when compared to control counterparts. We also noticed an association between hypovitaminosis D and the exacerbation of T2DM comorbidities. Our ndings show the importance of maintaining normal serum vitamin D levels in T2DM patients to avoid further complications.

Background: The most significant and challenging health issue of the modern era is diabetes mellitus and its complications. Inflammation plays a crucial role in the development and progression of diabetes. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients(T2DM) are at significant risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. High-sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) has become a reliable indicator of low-grade inflammation. Since very little is known regarding the relationship between hs-CRP and T2DM, the goal of this study was to evaluate hs-CRP levels and lipid profile and to study their relationship to cardiovascular problems in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. Material and Methods: The current study was carried out at Index Medical College and Hospital in Indore. The study group consisted of 70 healthy controls and 70 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients who had been diagnosed following WHO criteria. Serum hs-CRP concentrations as well as the lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, and TG) were assessed. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze the data. Results: In comparison to controls, individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus had significantly higher levels of hs-CRP, with a mean value of 2.49 + 1.15 mg/L (p

In this study, we conduct numerical simulations to investigate the transport and accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the Gulf of Finland (eastern Baltic Sea). The transport of MPs is simulated using a Lagrangian particle tracking model, developed by the authors, which accounts for the physical transport and transformational processes specific to MPs, such as diffusion, beaching, resuspension, and biofouling.Positively and negatively buoyant particles were included to represent different types of MPs. High-resolution (250 m) 3D hydrodynamic and biogeochemical model data are used as input to the MPs model. Major rivers and wastewater treatment plants around the Gulf of Finland are the sources of MPs in the model.The main objectives of the study are 1) to perform a sensitivity analysis of four processes (beaching, mixing, resuspension, and biofouling) to investigate the importance of each process on the distribution of MPs in the Gulf of Finland; and 2) to execute a multi-year simulation using realistic MPs input to locate the main accumulation areas in sediments and beaches around the Gulf of Finland.Results of the initial sensitivity analysis indicate that the changes in the parametrization of beaching have a stronger effect on the horizontal distribution of MPs in off-shore sediments than the changes in the parametrization of resuspension. The maximum MPs concentration is observed near the sea surface; however, MPs have also spread into the water column.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency and associated complications are widely prevalent in the Indian subcontinent. Hypovitaminosis D is known to play deleterious effects on cardiovascular and skeletal functions in human beings. Yet, its effect on carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus (DM) is less known. Aim and Objectives: In the current case– control study, our primary aim is to find out the potential effect of hypovitaminosis D on glycemic control in type 2 DM (T2DM) patients. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 250 T2DM patients recruited primarily from Madhya Pradesh, India. The case group of 125 T2DM patients with hypovitaminosis D was compared with a control group of 125 T2DM patients with sufficient vitamin D. We mainly investigated the effect of hypovitaminosis D (both deficiency and insufficiency) on glycemic control in T2DM patients. Results: We observed that both fasting and 2-h postprandial blood glucose were found to be elevated significantly in T2DM patients with hypovitaminosis D (P < 0.01). The glycated hemoglobin level was also elevated (P < 0.01) in the case group suggesting impaired glycemic control for a chronic period. An inverse association is found between glycemic status and serum vitamin D (OH)D3 levels. Conclusions: Our results show the significance of maintaining sufficient plasma vitamin D levels, along with hypoglycemic medication in T2DM patients to improve their glycemic control and avoid diabetic comorbidities.

The emergence of quantum computers has threatened all the areas of internet security and privacy by providing an efficient solution to the underlying mathematical assumptions of the present cryptographic paradigms. The security of current internet applications utilizes this inefficiency in solving the above mathematical problems as a tool for security. One such prominent area where these security paradigms are at utmost core are Block-chains. They build a tamperproof network among trustless peers using these mathematical problems. Quantum attacks to applications utilizing blockchains pose a threat to a market worth 700 million USD. Therefore studies towards quantum secure blockchain are of utmost priority. Crystals Dilithium seems to be promising candidate for post-quantum blockchain security. This article reviews work done on this frontier and conclude Crystals-Dilithium relevance for quantum secure blockchains. Index Terms— Post-Quantum Cryptography, Security, Blockchains, Lattice-Based Cryptography, Digital Signatures

According to the Internet usage statistics published on June 2019, around 59% of the world’s human population uses the Internet. The web browser is one of the most used applications to access the Internet. How many of these 59% population trust the browser and the environment they are using? Thus, there is a necessity to configure the browser for secure browsing as well as the configuration and the browsing system needs to be protected from malicious intent and process. The paper proposes an architecture based on a trusted platform module (TPM) to configure the browser for secure browsing and to provide trust in the browsing environment. The proposed system will help general web users and system administrators to maintain and control a secure browsing environment in the enterprise.

Background: Diabetic Nephropathy is consider as one of the major micro-vascular problems of diabetes mellitus and has become the most general single factor of end stage of kidney disease. It is defined traditionally by kidney morphological and modification like: glomerular hyper filtration, glomerular and kidney hypertrophy, increased urinary albumin excretion (> 300 mg/24 hours), increased GBM (Glomerular Basement Membrane) thickness and mesangial expansion and also accumulation of extracellular proteins comprising laminin, collagens and fibronectin worldwide. Oxidative stress (OS) has been characterized as the imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) yielding and the possessive antioxidant defense system. Objective of the study: Correlation between oxidative stress and antioxidant in diabetic nephropathy. Materials and methods: The investigation was conducted on 100 DN subjects of both sex and aged 20 or more and 100 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. MDA, SOD and Catalase of each subject was measured. Results: the present investigation shows that the MDA was elevated significantly and SOD and Catalase level was found to be significantly low in DN individuals as compared to controls. Conclusion: This study concluded that the MDA could be better marker for early recognition of DN. Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy (DN), MDA, SOD, Catalase, Kidney disease

Background: Hypertension is recognized as most common cardiovascular disorder and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is abnormal lipid peroxidation which suggested that oxidative stress is important in the pathogenesis of hypertension. This study aims at understanding the role of oxidative stress in hypertension. Aim of the Work: The objective of this study was to determine the malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with hypertension and healthy controls. Subjects and Methods: Whole study population included 250 hypertensive cases and 250 controls. All individuals included in the study were submitted to: Complete history and physical examinations to evaluate exclusion criteria. Serum MDA was estimated by method of Jean et al using trichloroacetic acid and thiobarbituric acid. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for serum MDA. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS no. 20 and Microsoft excel. Result: There was statistically higher significant increase (p value

The study of physical or behavioral characteristics utilized for the identification of a human being is called biometric. Dorsal hand vein biometric traits have been used for biometric identification in present manuscript. First of all, Input dorsal hand vein image is preprocessed in proposed approach. The feature is extracted from preprocessed image using Orientation of Local Binary Pattern (OLBP) in binary format. Hamming distance is used for matching of features in proposed approach. Proposed approach has been tested on dataset of 600 vein images collected from 50 people.

Background: Deranged thyroid function may be caused by autoimmune disorders like auto-immune thyroiditis. The medical staging of the disease shows an extensive display of symptoms like overt hypothyroidism. Various scientific studies had shown that auto-immune thyroiditis may be due to the interaction of cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha – TNF-α). Current studies had shown that TNF-α plays a crucial role in the regulation of thyroid transcription factors. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to assess the comparative changes of inflammatory markers in diagnosed thyroid patients and control subjects. Materials and Methods: The present study comprises 200 subjects of both sexes whom 00 are healthy controls and 100 are clinically confirmed cases of hypothyroidism, with an age group ranging from 25 to 70 years. Serum TNF-α and serum thyroid stimulating hormone were estimated by ELISA Method. Results: The inflammatory marker (Serum TNF-α) was significantly (P > 0.05) raised in clinically diagnosed hypothyroid patients (4.09 ± 0.94) as compared to age and gender match healthy control subjects (3.06 ± 0.55). Conclusion: Many types of researches had shown that the inflammatory markers in the main cause of derangement of thyroid function. The current cogitation proved that raised serum TNF-α is concerned with the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid destruction. It seems that TNF-α is highly significant in the case of Hypothyroidism.

The paper aims to propose a framework of information leakage warning system based on the principle of quantitative information flow. The quantification of information leakage has been widely used to decide the threshold of information leakage in program code but the purpose of the proposed framework is to use quantification based information leakage threshold to design practical information leakage warning system for real-time software. In the proposed framework, the software is considered as a collection of functions and each function is considered as register automata. Using the register automata working principles, the information leakage will be quantified during runtime of the software and when the software is in its pristine form. Based on the quantified amount of information leakage in both the cases, the framework warns the user about information leakage. Algorithmic steps of the proposed approach are also included in the paper. The proposed quantitative analysis based framework leads to flexible information security policy.

Purpose Situation awareness theory is a primary mean to take decisions and actions in a dynamically changing environment. Nowadays, to implement situation awareness, theories and models in organizational scenarios have become an important research challenge. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the situation awareness theory and cybernetics. Further, the aim is to use this relationship to check the feasibility of situation awareness-based information security risk management (ISRM) implementation in the organizational scenario. Design/methodology/approach To investigate the relationship between situation awareness theory and cybernetics, Endsley’s situation awareness theory and Norbert Wiener’s cybernetics concepts and philosophy have been used in the present work. For a detailed study, concepts, techniques and philosophy of the cybernetics have been extracted from the thesis of Norbert Wiener titled “The human use of human beings” and “Cybernetics or control and communication in the animal and the machine”. Findings The present paper demonstrates that relationship can be successfully established between cybernetics and situation awareness theory. Further, this relationship can be used to solve organizational implementation issues related to situation awareness based systems. To demonstrate relationship and solutions of implementation issues, two case studies related to ISRM are also incorporated in the present case study. Originality/value The present work bridges two parallel and prominent theories of situation awareness and cybernetics. It also demonstrates that combination of both the theories can be used to feasibly implement situation awareness based systems in organizations.

In multithreaded programs, scheduler controls the execution of threads. As a result, the scheduler may arrange the execution sequence of threads in such a way that multithreaded programs may violate the non-interference confidentiality policy. Due to a violation of non-interference, multithreaded programs may leak security sensitive information. In the proposed work, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) based intelligent scheduling policy has been proposed in the form of algorithms to schedule threads in multithreading environment in such a way that the execution sequence leads to minimal information leakage. In the present work, the proposed scheduler also deals with conflicting scheduling parameters and provides the algorithmic solution which can handle all conflicting entities of scheduling like throughput, delay, security-privacy and fairness. In this work, dynamic creation and deletion of threads are also handled during the scheduling. Although the focus of this work is on the scheduling of threads, the proposed policy can be used as a general purpose scheduling policy in many computing fields.