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Introduction. The renewable integrated microgrid has considered several distributed energy sources namely photovoltaic power plant, thermal generators, wind power plant and combined heat and power source. Economic dispatch problem is a complex operation due to large dimension of power systems. The objective function becomes non linear due to the inclusion of many constraints. Hourly demand of a commercial area is taken into consideration for performing economic dispatch and five combinations are considered to find the best optimal solution to meet the demand. The novelty of the proposed work consists of a Sparrow Search Algorithm is used to solve economic load dispatch problem to get the better convergence and accuracy in power generation with minimum cost. Purpose. Economic dispatch is performed for the renewable integrated microgrid, in order to determine the optimal output of all the distributed energy sources present in the microgrid to meet the load demand at minimum possible cost. Methods. Sparrow Search Algorithm is compared with other algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and has been proved to be more efficient than Particle Swarm Optimization, Genetic Algorithm and Conventional Lagrange method. Results. The five combinations are generation without solar power supply system and Combined Heat and Power source, generation without solar and wind power supply systems, generation including all the distributed energy sources, generation without wind power supply system and Combined Heat and Power source, generation without thermal generators. Practical value. The proposed optimization algorithm has been very supportive to determine the optimal power generation with minimal fuel to meet the large demand in commercial area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulphidation of a CuNi alloy of Cu : Ni ratio 81 : 19 led to an exponential activity enhancement in the alkaline methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) by four fold due to an order of magnitude increase in the number of active Cu and Ni sites and improved charge transfer properties.

A self-supported NiTeO 3 perovskite is made by deploying an extended hydrothermal tellurization strategy with a restricted Te content, which was found to be exceptionally active towards the oxidation of water and methanol and the reduction of water in 1.0 M KOH where it delivered -10 mA cm -2 at just -1.54 V for a full cell featuring MOR‖HER.

Background: B cells contribute significantly to the pathogenesis of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Free light chains (FLCs) are generated during the production of immunoglobulins (Igs) and are surrogates of B cell activity. We hypothesized that salivary FLCs and salivary Igs could represent salivary gland inflammation and therefore, serve as biomarkers in pSS., Methods: Patients >18 years old fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology / European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) 2016 criteria for pSS and age-matched healthy and disease controls (sicca non-pSS, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) were recruited for this cross-sectional study. FLCs in saliva and serum were measured by immunoturbidimetry. Serum and salivary Igs were measured by nephelometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was determined. The factors influencing the serum and salivary FLCs in pSS were determined using backward linear regression., Results: A total of 78 patients with pSS, 76 healthy controls and 62 disease controls were recruited. Median EULAR SS disease activity index (interquartile range) was 1 (3.75). Serum FLCκ and FLCλ, salivary FLCλ, serum and salivary IgG, salivary IgM was significantly higher in the pSS group compared to the controls. Areas under the curve for salivary FLCλ, serum FLCκ, serum and salivary IgG were 0.75, 0.72, 0.78 and 0.77, respectively. Regression analysis showed that salivary FLCκ, salivary FLCλ and salivary IgG were associated with positive salivary gland histopathology. Use of immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids was associated with lower values of salivary parameters., Conclusion: Salivary FLCλ and salivary IgG were significantly different between pSS and control groups and could be potential non-invasive biomarkers in pSS. These findings should be confirmed in larger longitudinal studies., (© 2021 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

The title compound, C 21 H 23 F 2 NO, consists of two fluoro-phenyl groups and one butyl group equatorially oriented on a piperidine ring, which adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the phenyl rings is 72.1 (1)°. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and weak C-H⋯F inter-actions, which form R 2 2 [14] motifs, link the mol-ecules into infinite C (6) chains propagating along [001]. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action is also observed. A Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the most significant contributions to the crystal packing are from H⋯H (53.3%), H⋯C/C⋯H (19.1%), H⋯F/F⋯H (15.7%) and H⋯O/O⋯H (7.7%) contacts. Density functional theory geometry-optimized calculations were compared to the experimentally determined structure in the solid state and used to determine the HOMO-LUMO energy gap and compare it to the UV-vis experimental spectrum., (© Anitha et al. 2020.)

The syntheses and crystal structures of 3-(2-chloro-eth-yl)- r -2, c -6-di-phenyl-piperidin-4-one, C 19 H 20 ClNO, (I), and 3-(2-chloro-eth-yl)- r -2, c -6-bis-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)piperidin-4-one, C 19 H 18 ClF 2 NO, (II), are described. The piperidone ring adopts a chair conformation in (I), whereas a slightly distorted chair conformation is formed in (II). The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the phenyl rings is 59.1 (1)° in (I) and 76.1 (1)° in (II). The crystal packing features weak inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds in each structure.

The syntheses and crystal structure of 3-chloro-3-methyl- r -2, c -6-di-phenyl-piperidin-4-one, C 18 H 18 ClNO, (I), 3-chloro-3-methyl- r -2, c -6-di- p -tolyl-piperidin-4-one, C 20 H 22 ClNO, (II), and 3-chloro-3-methyl- r -2, c -6-bis-(4-chloro-phen-yl)piperidin-4-one, C 18 H 16 Cl 3 NO, (III), are described. In each structure, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation and dihedral angles between the mean planes of the phenyl rings are 58.4 (2), 73.5 (5) and 78.6 (2)° in (I), (II) and (III), respectively. In the crystals, mol-ecules are linked into C (6) chains by weak N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions are also observed.

Ceftriaxone is a commonly used antibiotic in children for various infections like respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and enteric fever. Hypersensitive reactions following ceftriaxone therapy are uncommon but are potentially life-threatening. The rash can resemble viral exanthems and may lead to a delay in the recognition and prompt treatment. Here we report a 7-year-old boy who presented with fever and rash with emphasis on recognizing ceftriaxone hypersensitivity and its management.

Stomal varices can occur in patients with stoma in the presence of portal hypertension. Suture ligation, sclerotherapy, angiographic embolization, stoma revision, beta blockade, portosystemic shunt, and liver transplantation have been described as therapeutic options for bleeding stomal varices. We report the case of a 21-year-old patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis and colectomy with ileostomy for ulcerative colitis, where stomal variceal bleeding was successfully treated by direct percutaneous embolization. We consider percutaneous embolization to be an effective way of treating acute stomal bleeding in decompensated patients while awaiting decisions regarding shunt procedures or liver transplantation.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder predominantly affecting young women. Abnormal liver function tests (LFT's) resulting from AN is well-described but to date few cases of dramatic rises in liver enzymes have been described. We report a 32-year-old women with severe anorexia having dramatic rise in LFT's with liver failure during extremely poor nutritional status. Acute rise in liver enzymes observed on several occasions in this patient resulted from ischaemic hepatitis secondary to liver hypoperfusion. Clinicians caring for patients with severe AN should monitor haemodynamic parameters with the knowledge that acute liver failure can be a consequence of sudden liver hypoperfusion. Therapeutic intervention comprising volume support with gradual nutritional support results in normalization of LFT's., (© 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)