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Awareness regarding consanguineous marriage and other risk factors of infantile hearing loss is essential for prevention, early detection and timely intervention which can save deaf children from lifelong consequences of hearing disability. A pre-post study was done among the general population of Puducherry, India to evaluate the effect of health education on knowledge and behaviour towards consanguineous marriage and infantile hearing loss. Individual direct interviews were done using a questionnaire to assess their awareness about consanguineous marriage and other risk factors of infantile hearing loss, its early detection and intervention. The assessment was repeated after a health education given for the same by direct interaction and pamphlets. The study showed that 65% participants were unaware of consanguinity being a risk factor for congenital hearing loss. More than half of them were unaware of other risk factors, neonatal hearing screening and treatment. Only 35.3% were aware that early identification and intervention enables a deaf child to learn optimum speech and language. Prior to health education, 33.7% were in support of consanguineous marriage whereas, after the health education, only 6.7% supported it showing significant improvement in their attitude towards consanguineous marriage. Post health education, there was overwhelming 100% improvement in their knowledge regarding infantile hearing loss. The study shows the poor awareness among the population of Puducherry regarding consanguineous marriage and infantile hearing loss, thus requiring a widespread sensitization about infantile hearing loss which can prevent lifelong consequences of the hearing disability.

Head injuries are most commonly associated with serious otolaryngological involvement. This study was done to identify the otological manifestations and its sequelae among patients with head injury. A prospective study conducted in a tertiary care centre, among patients attending the Emergency medicine, Otorhinolaryngology and Neurosurgery departments from August 2017–July 2018 with head injury and associated otological manifestations. They were examined within 48 hours of admission and followed up for two months. There were 243 patients with head injury, among which 201 were male and 42 were female patients. Majority of them (44.8%) were between 21 and 40 years of age. Road traffic accidents (RTA) was the commonest cause of head injury occurring in 91.8% patients. Among them, 58 patients (23.9%) had otological manifestations, the most common symptom and sign being ear bleed (72.4%) and temporal bone fracture (46.6%) respectively followed by facial nerve palsy (24.1%) and hearing loss (22.4%). Temporal bone fracture had statistically significant association with ear bleed, hearing loss, facial palsy and CSF otorrhoea (p = 0.0001) and tympanic perforation (p = 0.03). Otological involvement occurred in almost one fourth of the patients with head injury, the most common serious complication being temporal bone fractures which was diagnosed in almost half of this population followed by facial nerve palsy. Ear bleed, hearing loss and CSF otorrhea are significant indicators of underlying temporal bone fractures, necessitating early ENT evaluation and HRCT temporal bones for timely detection and prevention of disabling otological complications.