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Deep supervised hashing has turned up to unravel many large-scale image retrieval challenges. Although deep supervised hashing accomplishes good results for image retrieval process, requisite for further improving the retrieval accuracy always remains the primal focus of interest. In Deep hashing methods, feature representation happens at the outset of the fully connected (FC) layers, causing shortage of spatial information owing to its global nature, whereas deeper pooling layers preserve semantically similar information by retaining the images spatial information, which can result in uplifting the retrieval performance. Hereby, for enhancing the image retrieval accuracy through exploring spatial information, a novel way of deep supervised hashing based on Pooled Feature map (DSHPoolF) is proposed to generate compact hash codes that explore the spatial information by weighing the informative Feature maps from the last pooling layer. This is achieved, firstly, by weighing the last pooling layers Feature map in two ways, namely average–max-based pooling and probability-based pooling strategies. Secondly, informative Feature maps are selected with the help of the weights. In addition to this, the informative Feature maps play a key role in optimizing quantization error together with the loss function and classification errors in a single-step, point-wise ranking manner. This proposed DSHPoolF method is assessed using three datasets (CIFAR-10, MNIST and ImageNet) that unveils primitive outcome in comparison with other existing prominent hash-based methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Capparis zeylanica Linn (Caparadaceae), a well-known traditional medicinal plant has been used prevalently in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. It has long been used in treating cholera, hemiplegia, pneumonia, helmintic and inflammatory activity. This study aims to investigate the antimicrobial activity of C. zeylanica leaf extracts against pathogenic microorganisms, with the interactions of potential compounds being predicted by a computational approach. Ethyl acetate leaf extracts of C. zeylanica were evaluated for antimicrobial activity using an agar well diffusion method against pathogenic microorganisms (Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Candida albicans). The ethyl acetate leaf extracts of the C. zeylanica were utilized for GC-MS analysis. Computational studies were performed to analyze the novel compound using Schrodinger software. The various concentrations of ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. zeylanica were checked against pathogenic microorganisms. Among them, Salmonella paratyphi shows the maximum inhibition. Molecular docking and ADME properties showed that (3E)-N-(3,4 Dichlorophenyl)-3-(Propionylhydrazono) butanamide, Heptadecanoic–Margaric acid and 5-(3-Fluorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-one had the highest fitness score and more specificity toward the microbial receptors. Highlights • We report first time ethyl acetate leaf extracts of C. zeylanica possess excellent antimicrobial activity. • Molecular modeling interaction data demonstrated that three lead molecules have more potent antimicrobial compounds. • (3E)-N-(3, 4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(propinylhydrazono) butanamide has more potent compounds against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of the present study is to investigate the antimicrobial potency of leaves from various extracts of Capparis zeylanica, Streblus asper and Tribulus terrestris were evaluated. In addition, this is the first report on MIC, MBC/MFC antimicrobial activities of above mentioned plants and also identify the phytochemical, functional groups by GC-MS and FT-IR respectively. Soxhlet extraction method was used for preparation of different extracts viz., aqueous, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The extracts were examined against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecallis, Salmonella paratyphi, Shigella dysenteriae, Candida albicans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis by agar well diffusion method, and Minimum Inhibitory Concentratioon (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal/Fungicidal Concentration (MBC/MFC) values were determined through micro dilution method. Phytochemical analysis of compounds was carried out by GC-MS analysis and functional groups were identified by FT-IR. Based on the outcome of our results, Ethyl acetate extract Showed significant antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens especially, for C. albicans (40 mm) followed by ethyl acetate of S. asper against S. paratyphi (38 mm). While, the least inhibition was observed with aqueous extract of T. terrestris against S. paratyphi (10 mm). The MIC ranged from 3.21 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml and MBC/MFC 6.25 mg/ml to 50 mg/ml was recorded. Ethyl acetate extracts of almost all samples showed better activity than other extracts in inhibition growth of pathogens. Phytochemical analysis exhibited the presence of Steroids, tannins and cardiac glycosides were found only in ethyl acetate extract of C. zeylanica. Functional group of leaf extract was confirmed by FT-IR spectrum and GC-MS analysis of the ethyl acetate extract revealed the presence of 20 compounds. The results revealed that ethyl acetate extract of C. zeylanica leaves has potential activity than the other extracts as well as standard drugs (Gentamycin and Ketocozole). Hence, this plant may be recommended for further studies in isolation of active compounds and related pharmacological activities. Highlights • Ethyl acetate leaf extracts of Capparis zeylanica possess excellent antimicrobial activity. • This is the first study to report the MIC,MBC/MFC antimicrobial activities of Capparis zeylanica. • Striods, tannins and glycosides were present only in ethyl acetate leaf extract of C. zeylanica. • Twenty compounds were detected through GC-MS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The modern people are preparing the natural medicines from the plants and their parts for curing various diseases. The present study was chosen Hibiscus rosa-sinensis flowers to analyze its antimicrobial capabilities against venereal diseases causing pathogens. In this study, the antimicrobial activity performed in different solvents prepared flower extracts using agar well diffusion method. Among the extracts, the methanolic flower extract of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis shows better results than other solvents extracts. The extract analysed by GC-MS which was exposes seven bioactive molecules. These bioactive molecules were docked with N. gonorrhoea protein. Finally, benzene dicarboxylic acid had best glide docking XP scores −7.955 with better binding energy values (−38.692 kcal/mol) than other ligand molecules. Hence, this molecule was isolated from the flowers of H. rosa-sinensis. After that, the different concentrations of 1,2 benzene dicarboxylic acid were tested on human diseases causing microbial strains. There, all the levels were showed good anti-gonorrhoeal activity against N. gonorrhoeae. Hence this study suggested that 1,2 benzene dicarboxylic acid could be used as a better drug candidate for venereal diseases. Highlights • The 1,2 benzenedicarboxylic acid isolated from Hibiscus rosa-sinensis methanolic flowers extract in first time. • Computational approach was applied to gain insight into selectivity for antimicrobial inhibitors. • Structural elucidation was achieved by extensive analysis of spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, nanotechnology has become an important research field of modern material science. Green synthesized nanoparticles have garnered wide interest due to its inherent features like rapidity, eco-friendly and cost-effectiveness. For the first time, Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using Atalantia monophylla leaf extract in the present's investigation. The biosynthesized Zinc Oxide nanoparticles were characterized by UV- Vis spectrophotometer, Fluorescence spectrometer (PL) and their peaks were identified to be at 352 and 410 nm respectively. The morphology of the Zinc Oxide nanoparticles was characterized by TEM with EDAX. The X- ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed the crystalline nature and revealed the purity of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles. FTIR spectroscopy was used to analyze the specific functional groups responsible for reduction, stabilization and capping agents present in the nanoparticles. The success-ability of bacteria and fungi with Synthesized ZnO nanoparticles tested using agar well diffusion method were discussed. The bacterial and fungal destruction was better for ZnO nanoparticles than reported for plant extracts and standard drugs. Thus this study proves that Zinc Oxide nanoparticles would contain natural anti-microbial agents through green synthesis which may serve for the production of drugs for antimicrobial therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesized nanoparticles have an incredible application in biomedicine owing to its simplicity, eco-friendly properties and low cost. The present study aims to determine the green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles from methanolic leaf extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla . The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using UV-VIS Spectroscopy, Fluorescence spectrometer, FT-IR, XRD, SEM with EDAX and TEM. The confirmations of synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by peak at 351 and 410 nm in the UV-VIS spectrum and photoluminescence spectrum respectively. FT-IR studies revealed the functional group of the nanoparticles. The XRD data showed the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles and EDAX measurements indicated the 20.70% of highly pure zinc oxide metal. The morphological characterization of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was analyzed by SEM and TEM and size of the particles were ranging from 32 to 36 nm. The synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibited interesting antimicrobial activity against pathogenic organisms. In addition, this is the first report on leaf mediated synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles from Glycosmis pentaphylla . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study deals with the green synthesis of silver nano particles from methanolic leaf extracts of Atalantia monophylla . The synthesized nano-particles are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, PL, FTIR, XRD, SEM with EDAX and TEM. The nano-particles are indicated in absorption peak at 404 nm in the absorption spectrum. Further micro graphical analysis confirmed the average size was estimated about 35 nm and SEAD pattern authorized well crystalline materials. The FTIR studies help to confirm the functional group of synthesized silver nano particles. The XRD data shown the crystalline nature of nano particles and EDAX measurement indicates the purity of silver metal. The antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles was tested on pathogenic organisms using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal/fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) were also investigated in different concentrations of leaf extract. The results indicated that synthesized silver nano particle of A. monophylla leaf extract has the potential of antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganism. In addition, this is the first report on leaf synthesized silver nano particles of A. monophylla . The antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms and the ability to detect hydrogen peroxide using the silver nanoparticles were confirmed which would find applications in the development of new antimicrobial drugs and new biosensors to detect the presence of hydrogen peroxide in various samples respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]