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Abstract Background Ameloblastoma and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) are odontogenic tumors that develop from remnants of odontogenic epithelium. Both display locally invasive growth characteristics and high predilection for recurrence after surgical removal. Most ameloblastomas harbor BRAFV600E mutation while OKCs are associated with PATCH1 gene mutation but distinctive indicators of ameloblastoma growth characteristics relative to OKC are still unclear. The aim of this study was to assess hub genes that underlie ameloblastoma growth characteristics using bioinformatic analysis, ameloblastoma samples and mouse xenografts of human epithelial-derived ameloblastoma cells. Methods RNA expression profiles were extracted from GSE186489 gene expression dataset acquired from Gene Expression Ominibus (GEO) database. Galaxy and iDEP online analysis tools were used to identify differentially expressed genes that were further characterized by gene ontology (GO) and pathway analysis using ShineyGO. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for significantly upregulated differentially expressed genes using online database STRING. The PPI network visualization was performed using Cytoscape and hub gene identification with cytoHubba. Top ten nodes were selected using maximum neighborhood component, degree and closeness algorithms and analysis of overlap was performed to confirm the hub genes. Epithelial-derived ameloblastoma cells from conventional ameloblastoma were transplanted into immunocompromised mice to recreate ameloblastoma in vivo based on the mouse xenograft model. The top 3 hub genes FN1, COL I and IGF-1 were validated by immunostaining and quantitative analysis of staining intensities to ameloblastoma, OKC samples and mouse ameloblastoma xenografts tissues. Results Seven hub genes were identified among which FN1, COL1A1/COL1A2 and IGF-1 are associated with extracellular matrix organization, collagen binding, cell adhesion and cell surface interaction. These were further validated by positive immunoreactivity within the stroma of ameloblastoma samples but both ameloblastoma xenograft and OKC displayed only FN1 and IGF-1 immunoreactivity while COL 1 was unreactive. The expression levels of both FN1 and IGF-1 were much lower in OKC relative to ameloblastoma. Conclusion This study further validates a differentially upregulated expression of matrix proteins FN1, COL I and IGF-1 in ameloblastoma relative to OKC. It suggests that differential stromal architecture and growth characteristics of ameloblastoma relative to OKC could be an interplay of differentially upregulated genes in ameloblastoma.

Introduction: Ipsilateral neck and shaft fractures of femur are not common. They result from high-energy trauma mechanisms, including motor vehicle traffic accidents and falls from heights. Surgical stabilization of such fractures remains a challenge. This study was planned to compare reconstruction-type intramedullary nailing and various plate combinations on the fracture healing and functional outcome in patients with these fractures. Aim: The aim was to study and compare the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures treated by two methods nailing/plating. Subjects and Methods: We included 20 patients admitted from March 2020 to September 2020 to assess the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes of ipsilateral proximal femur fractures associated with femoral shaft fractures, treated either by intramedullary nailing or by various plate combinations at the Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Thiruvarur Medical College and Hospital, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu. Statistical Analysis Used: Continuous variables were summarized as mean and standard deviation, and the significance between their mean variables was analyzed using t-test. Results: We found that ipsilateral proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures are common in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th decades of life. There was a statistical significance in mean duration of surgery in nailing group 140.00 ± 24 compared with plating group 158.00 ± 18.7. In terms of average union time for proximal femur and femoral shaft fractures, age of the patient, delay in duration of surgery, and outcome results of both groups were similar and showed no statistical significance. Conclusion: Both treatment methods achieve satisfactory functional outcomes in patients with ipsilateral proximal femur and shaft fractures.

In this study, Cu- and Zn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by using the solvothermal method. The synthesized NPs were explored to check their supercapacitor, photovoltaic and magnetic properties. The Cu-doped SnO2 NPs showed a high specific capacitance of 386 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1 in 1 M KOH electrolyte and remarkable catalytic performance as a counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.70%, comparable to that of Pt CE. Moreover, Cu-doped SnO2 NPs displayed the highest room-temperature ferromagnetism, indicating their potential for magnetic device applications. Our results suggest that doped SnO2 NPs are promising candidates for multifunctional nanomaterials in energy and information technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim of Study: Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) was launched by the Prime Minister of India to accelerate the efforts for achieving universal sanitation. To ensure adequate participation, community must be sensitized about the mission objectives and its role in bringing the desired change. The aim of the study: to assess the knowledge, perception and practices regarding SBA among rural people, and to study the association between their socio epidemiological factors and awareness regarding SBA. Material and Methods: Community based cross-sectional study was conducted for duration of 6 months (April to September 2021) at a rural area of south Tamilnadu. A sample of 250 subjects was included and was administered a predesigned, pretested, semi structured questionnaire. The responses were recorded and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Results: Mean age group of our study participants was 47.6 ± 9.8 years. Television 126 (50.4%) and newspaper 41 (16.4%) were found to be the main source of information about SBA. This study showed out of 250 participants, 142 (56.8%) of them had good knowledge and 174 (69.6%) had good perception score. Our study found a statistical significant association between educational status and level of knowledge and perception score. Conclusions: The present study found that majority of the subjects were aware of SBA and were having positive attitude and perception but very less practicing in our day today life. Increasing awareness regarding health hazards of open-air defecation and improper disposal of solid waste will create a change in their behavior in adopting healthy lifestyle.

Aim: to study the clinical, biochemical, radiological profile of symptomatic hospitalised COVID 19 patients at initial presentation and its outcome. Background and Methods: Retrospective study was done on 50 hospitalised patients who were diagnosed with COVID- 19 pneumonia with gold standard RT PCR in Apollo Main hospital, Greams road, Chennai. The clinical, laboratory, radiological characteristics and treatment and outcomes were collected from electronic medical records. The information recorded included medical history, contact history, co-morbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, radiological findings including chest X-ray and CT chest, treatment measures (antiviral, antibiotic, steroids, anticoagulant therapy and respiratory support), duration of hospital stay and outcomes of the patients. Results: The study was done on 50 hospitalised patients with mean age of 59.8 years. Male (66%) patients were more compared to female patients. Fever (N=44) (88%) was the most common symptom present in our patients followed by breathlessness (N=27) (54%) Most of the patients were under category B 2(N=16) (32%). Most common co-morbidity was Diabetes (N=25) (50%) followed by Hypertension (N=23) (46%). Only few patients had leucocytosis (N=16) (32%) but most of the patients had lymphocytopenia. LDH, PCT, and IL-6 were significantly elevated in majority of the patients. Chest x-ray of the patients demonstrated bilateral (N=26) (52%)involvement with predilection for peripheries(N=34) (68%). HRCT Chest of the patients demonstrated predilection for peripheral lung fields in the form of patchy ground glass opacities (100%). Most of the patients were treated with steroids(N=34%) (68%) and anticoagulants (N=46) (92%). 42 Patients were discharged (84%). Average length of stay in hospital is 8.92 days (2 to 42 days). Conclusion: This study shows the various range of COVID 19 presentation varying from mild to severe pneumonia. Lymphocytopenia and elevated biomarkers with peripheral opacities in CT chest will help to assess the prognosis. Old age and patients with multiple co-morbidities are associated with poor prognosis.

In the polymeric title compound, [Ba(NO3)2(C6H9N3O2)2]n, the BaII atom is located on a crystallographic twofold axis and is coordinated by ten O atoms. Six are derived from two zwitterionic l-histidine molecules that simultaneously chelate one BaII atom and bridge to another. The remaining four O atoms are derived from two chelating nitrates. The molecules assemble to form a chain along [010]. In the crystal, chains are linked via N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.

The title compound, [Cu4Cl8(C6H14N4O2)4], contains four molecules in the asymmetric unit. In the molecular structure, each of the four Cu2+ ions binds to three Cl atoms, one N atom and one O atom, resulting in distorted square-pyramidal coordination environments. The molecular structure is stabilized by weak C—H...O and N—H...Cl hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure exhibit weak intermolecular N—H...O, C—H...O and N—H...Cl interactions, generating a three-dimensional network.

In the polymeric title compound, [Ba(NO3)2(C6H9N3O2)2] n , the Ba(II) atom is located on a crystallographic twofold axis and is coordinated by ten O atoms. Six are derived from two zwitterionic l-histidine mol-ecules that simultaneously chelate one Ba(II) atom and bridge to another. The remaining four O atoms are derived from two chelating nitrates. The mol-ecules assemble to form a chain along [010]. In the crystal, chains are linked via N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, generating a three-dimensional network.

The title compound, [Cu4Cl8(C6H14N4O2)4], contains four mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In the mol-ecular structure, each of the four Cu(2+) ions binds to three Cl atoms, one N atom and one O atom, resulting in distorted square-pyramidal coordination environments. The molecular structure is stabilized by weak C-H⋯O and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure exhibit weak inter-molecular N-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and N-H⋯Cl inter-actions, generating a three-dimensional network.