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RESUMEN Introducción. La hipercolesterolemia familiar (HcF) es una patología causada por diversas mutaciones con una incidencia variable dependiendo de su forma heterocigota u homocigota. Sin embargo, pocos casos son diagnosticados y no todo el personal de salud conoce sobre la enfermedad. Materiales y Método. Se realizóuna encuesta en línea basada en Google Forms para medir el nivel de conocimiento del personal de salud sobre la HcF en la República Dominicana. Se utilizó un cuestionario confeccionado por los autores basado en los criterios DUCTH de hipercolesterolemia. Resultados. El predominio del personal de salud que llenó el cuestionario fue de nutriólogos; el conocimiento sobre los valores de corte adecuado para el diagnóstico de HcF fue reportado en 30% de la muestra. Conclusiones. Es imperativo incrementar el conocimiento del personal de salud sobre HcF con el objetivo de disminuir la muerte cardiovascular prematura. ABSTRACT Introduction: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a disease caused by various mutations with a variable incidence depending on its heterozygous or homozygous form. However, few cases are diagnosed and not all health personnel know about the disease. Material and Methods: An online survey based on Google Forms was conducted to measure the level of knowledge of health personnel about FH in the Dominican Republic. A questionnaire prepared by the authors based on the DUCTH criteria for hypercholesterolemia was used. Results: The predominance of health personnel who filled out the questionnaire was nutritionists; knowledge about the appropriate cut-off values for the diagnosis of FH was reported in 30% of the sample. Conclusions: It is imperative to increase knowledge of the health personnel on FH to reduce premature cardiovascular death.

To describe a third-degree polynomial function (hysteresis) of the effect size of age, obesity, and insulin sensitivity over the carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), in the pediatric and adult groups.A quasi-experimental study with fixed factor analysis of age (children aged 8-12 years, n = 73; adults aged 21-45 years, n = 82) and obesity (yes, n = 76; no, n = 79) was conducted to analyze the effect on the c-IMT and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index values. This quasi-experimental design was analyzed with robust regression modeling.The additive effect of obesity, independent of age, was evident in the case of the c-IMT values. There was no interaction effect, but a significant difference between participants with normal weight and those with obesity was found (P.0001). The difference between adults and children was also significant, but the effect size was smaller. A model was created based on age, Tanner stage, and obesity using the c-IMT and Matsuda insulin sensitivity index values. A linear function fit as RThis practical study design showed that children with obesity displayed the same levels of carotid intima-media abnormalities as adults with obesity. The polynomial shape of the model suggests potentially poor outcomes that resemble the hysteresis process and may predict chronic cardiometabolic events during early adulthood.

The productive potential of cowpea is determined by edaphoclimatic factors, mainly by soil and fertilization factors. It is considered a plant demanding in nutrients, due to the small and shallow root system and the short cycle. Geostatistical analysis of soil variability may indicate management alternatives. The objective of this work was to analyze the morphophysiological characteristics of the bean crop through semivariograms, in order to qualify the best productive regions of the field. The following evaluations were performed: plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll A, B and Total. Spatial dependence was analyzed through semivariogram adjustments. The values ​​of chlorophylls A, B and total are autocorrelated in space. The diameter of the stem presents a moderate degree of spatial dependence that corresponds to 31%, for the analyzed data. Plant height shows a weak degree of spatial dependence that equals only 9% and nugget effect occurred for the analyzed data, O potencial produtivo do feijão-caupi é determinado pelos fatores edafoclimáticos, principalmente por fatores de solo e adubação. É considerado uma planta exigente em nutrientes, em função do pequeno e pouco profundo sistema radicular e do ciclo curto. A análise geoestatística da variabilidade do solo pode indicar alternativas de manejo. Com isso esse trabalho teve por objetivo analisar características morfofisiológicas da cultura do feijoeiro através de semivariogramas, a fim de qualificar as melhores regiões produtivas do talhão. Foram realizadas as seguintes avaliações: a altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, clorofila A, B e total. A dependência espacial foi analisada por meio de ajustes de semivariogramas. Os valores das clorofilas A, B e total apresentam-se autocorrelacionados no espaço. O diâmetro de caule apresenta um moderado grau de dependência espacial que correspondeu a 31 %, para os dados analisados. A altura de planta apresenta uma fraca grau de dependência espacial que equivale apenas 9%. e efeito pepita ocorreu para os dados analisados

Metal-organic Frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising materials for different electrochemical applications. Their low conductivity, however, is a major challenge to overcome. Therefore, a deeper understanding on the charge transfer mechanism is needed to improve the conductivity of MOF-based electrodes. For this contribution, we focused on metalated MOF-525 and found that the nature of the metal center is one of the many factors contributing to the charge transfer kinetics, which is attributed to differences in redox behaviour, affecting the hopping distance and the electron transfer rate. These results highlight the importance of the nature of the redox active site to optimize charge transfer in MOF-based electrodes.

En este trabajo se resaltará el carácter problemático de la psicología en tanto cuerpo de conocimientos con aspiraciones a definir su campo de investigación y convertirse en una ciencia. Se mostrará un panorama general de su diversidad a la luz de sus diferentes paradigmas de formulación de objetos de conocimiento y se evidenciará cómo a partir del compromiso ontológico y epistemológico que cada uno de ellos adquiera, surgirá, un sinnúmero de propuestas respecto de la naturaleza del hecho psicológico, del método de la psicología y de los criterios de evidencia de la explicación psicológica. Se presentarán ocho paradigmas de formulación de objetos de conocimiento de la psicología y se darán algunos ejemplos de corrientes o escuelas que encajan con cada uno de ellos.

RESUMEN Introducción: En marzo del 2020 se detectó un brote de la enfermedad por nuevo coronavirus en La Romana, República Dominicana, desde entonces la enfermedad se ha esparcido rápidamente a nivel nacional. Objetivos: Describir la manifestaciones clínicas y epidemiológicas de la COVID-19 en menores de 18 años. Métodos: Se analizaron los datos extraídos del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica. Los análisis incluyen las características sociodemográficas, manifestaciones clínicas, tasas de letalidad y mortalidad, análisis geoespacial de diseminación viral y curva epidémica. Resultados: Hasta el 13 de julio de 2020 se registró un total de 46 301 casos, 3009 fueron pediátricos (6,4 %) y de estos 2992 se confirmaron con la enfermedad (99,4 %). La curva epidémica mostró un patrón de transmisión continua y de fuente común, con un pico de incidencia en la semana epidemiológica 27. La mayoría de los casos confirmados (50,7 %) eran de sexo femenino, con un promedio de 9 años (rango 0-17, rango intercuartílico 4-14 años) y el 74,0 % sintomático. La sintomatología más frecuente fue la fiebre (80,3 %), cefalea (74,5 %), mialgia (37,1 %) y dificultad respiratoria (7,1%). La tasa de admisión a unidades de cuidado intensivo fue < 1 % y la letalidad de 0,2. Conclusiones: La COVID-19 se ha diseminado rápidamente en niños de todo el país. A pesar de su baja letalidad, se deben fortalecer las estrategias de prevención para aplanar la curva de contagios y disminuir el impacto en grupos de mayor riesgo.

Colonic vascular lesion secondary to verapamil overdose is mediated by free radicals, forming vascular microtrombos and endotoxin generation, being a difficult diagnosis.A 27-year-old female is admitted with an acute abdomen of 4 days after an event referred for a suicidal attempt due to an overdose of verapamil, operating surgically where there is a right transmural colon necrosis, performing a right hemicolectomy with terminal ileostomy.Recognize and properly treat an acute abdomen, not always reach an adequate diagnosis, so a thorough history could conclude.La lesión vascular colónica secundaria a la sobredosis de verapamilo, es mediada por radicales libres, formando microtrombos vasculares y generación de endotoxinas, siendo un diagnostico difícil.Femenino de 27 años, ingresa con abdomen agudo de 4 días posteriores a un evento remitido de intento suicida por sobredosis de verapamilo, interviniéndose quirúrgicamente donde se halla necrosis colónica transmural derecha, realizando hemicolectomía derecha con ileostomía terminal.Reconocer y tratar de forma adecuada un abdomen agudo, no siempre se suele llegar a un adecuado diagnostico, por lo cual una minuciosa anamnesis lograría concluirlo.

Background Colonic vascular lesion secondary to verapamil overdose is mediated by free radicals, forming vascular microtrombos and endotoxin generation, being a difficult diagnosis. Clinical Case A 27-year-old female is admitted with an acute abdomen of 4 days after an event referred for a suicidal attempt due to an overdose of verapamil, operating surgically where there is a right transmural colon necrosis, performing a right hemicolectomy with terminal ileostomy. Conclusions Recognize and properly treat an acute abdomen, not always reach an adequate diagnosis, so a thorough history could conclude.

En este trabajo se polemiza con los periodos institucionalizados por la historia de la teorización filosófica sobre la ciencia, al mismo tiempo que son expuestos. También se describen las cuatro familias de teorías de la ciencia propuestas por el Materialismo Gnoseológico de Gustavo Bueno y dentro de una de ellas, el circularismo, se postula a la Teoría del Cierre Categorial como el ejemplar más sobresaliente. Finalmente, se explica cómo la arquitectura, el dinamismo y la potencia de la Teoría del Cierre Categorial representan la superación radical de todas las teorías de la ciencia predecesoras. Este trabajo pretende constituirse como un recurso bibliográfico indispensable para que el público Hispanoamericano, poco familiarizado con el Materialismo Filosófico, pueda acercase teoría de la ciencia que de él se deriva.

There is great need for veterinary care for working equids worldwide. Addressing this need provides an opportunity for veterinary students to gain primary care experience. An annual two week collaborative outreach and educational program with Michigan State University (MSU), the Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute, noma de M&eacute, xico (UNAM) and the Universidad Veracruzana (UV) was developed to provide care for working equids in rural Mexican communities. From 2017 to 2019 24 US veterinary students and 25 Mexican veterinary students, interns and residents examined, vaccinated and dewormed more than 2200 equids and performed more than 80 castrations, 100 rectal palpations for pregnancy diagnosis, 220 dental floats and 320 hoof trims. They also treated many wounds, sarcoids, vampire bat bites and tick infestations and also saw unusual cases including tetanus, eye injuries, nuchal bursitis, cervical vertebral malformation and suspected vesicular stomatitis. Development of the collaborative MSU-UNAM-UV Equine Welfare in Practice Clerkship required vision, learning, relationship building, creativity, fund-raising and perseverance to develop and agree on mutually beneficial objectives for all participants. The project is largely financed through private donations and supplies provided by pharmaceutical companies. The outcome has been a highly successful program that could be used as a model by other Colleges of Veterinary Medicine world-wide.

Introduction and Objectives: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease in children and it is more prevalent in Hispanic males. The gender differences can be explained by body fat distribution, lifestyle, or sex hormone metabolism. We evaluated anthropometric and metabolic differences by gender in children with and without NAFLD. Methods: We included 194 participants (eutrophic, overweight, and individuals with obesity). The presence of NAFLD was determined using ultrasonography, and we evaluated the association between this disease with metabolic and anthropometric variables by gender. Results: The mean age was 10.64 ± 2.54 years. The frequency of NAFLD in boys was 24.51% and in girls was 11.96% (OR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.10–5.19; p = 0.025). For girls, NAFLD was significantly associated with triglycerides (p = 0.012), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = 0.048), and the visceral adiposity index (VAI) (p = 0.024). The variables related to NAFLD in a gender-specific manner were body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (p

El presente documento es un estudio realizado en el Centro de Readaptación Social Para Adultos de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, México. En el cual se realizó un análisis acerca de los diferentes tipos de familia de las que provienen los internos (reos) del fuero común sentenciados por los siguientes delitos: homicidio, violación sexual y robo. El enfoque que se utilizó para comprender a la familia de los internos fue la teoría de sistemas, lo cual no permitió el abordaje desde un punto de vista más integral.

Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales. Maestría en Derecho de la Información The right to information has shown some progress in Mexico, beginning of recognition into the constitutional text in 1977 as part of the Political Reform implemented this year. However, the right to information, is a right unfinished yet. Those confront problems to pursue full right, sometimes are the owns reporters/journalist. The connivance within the mass media and the political power has been impediment to the mexican’s right to be informed. Acknowledge the conscience clause into the constitutional Mexican text is a necessity that the legislators of different political parties had already perceive yet and that has materialized into the Constitution of Mexico City. For give greater solidity to right to information it is necessary going into the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. El derecho a la información en México ha mostrado varios avances a partir de su reconocimiento en el texto constitucional en 1977 como parte de la Reforma Política implementada ese año. Sin embargo, es aún un derecho inacabado, quienes enfrentan problemas para ejercerlo a plenitud, en muchas ocasiones son los propios periodistas. La connivencia entre medios de comunicación y poder ha sido un freno al derecho de los mexicanos a estar informados. Reconocer la cláusula de conciencia en México en el texto constitucional es una necesidad que ya han percibido legisladores de diversos partidos políticos, que se ha materializado ya en la Constitución de la Ciudad de México y que para dar mayor solidez al derecho a la información es preciso llevar a la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.

Objective To evaluate the utility of predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity by retinal vascular changes (RVC) found in fundoscopy and to determine whether this is related to a low-grade inflammatory process. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional analysis that included 152 (ages 18-45 years) patients divided into four groups: NAFLD and BMI less than 25, absence of NAFLD and BMI less than 25, NAFLD and BMI more than 30, and absence of NAFLD and BMI more than 30. Retinal fundoscopy, hepatic ultrasound, metabolic profile, and cytokine measurement were performed. We calculated odds ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)], performed diagnostic utility tests, and carried out a 2 factorial analysis. Results Obesity was associated with RVC (odds ratio: 21.25; 95% CI: 8.79-51.4) and NAFLD [25 (9.07-72.6)]. NAFLD was associated with RVC [11.24 (4.98-26.48)], and the prediction of NAFLD showed a sensitivity of 75% (95% CI: 68-82) and a specificity of 81% (75-86); when RVC-obesity were combined, sensitivity increased to 90% (88-91.7), with a specificity of 85% (84-85.8). C-reactive protein was associated with the three factors, suggesting an independent contribution. Thin patients with RVC and NAFLD had higher concentrations of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ. Conclusion NAFLD in patients with obesity without diabetes or hypertension can be predicted by RVC, a noninvasive technique carried out by eye fundoscopy. NAFLD alone can drive inflammatory conditions in the absence of obesity that manifests as RVC.

El desarrollo de nuevos dispositivos eléctricos en nuestros tiempos implica, en primera instancia, una etapa fundamental de modelado y simulación de su comportamiento teórico en el dominio de la frecuencia, previo al desarrollo de etapas experimentales necesarias para consolidar estas ideas en un nuevo producto lo suficientemente eficaz como para ser utilizado por nuestra sociedad. En este sentido, entender el desempeño real de los componentes pasivos es indispensable para describir las características fundamentales que definen y determinan el sistema en evolución. Esencialmente, tres son los elementos eléctricos utilizados popularmente, a saber: la resistencia, el capacitor y el inductor, vitales para la creación de nuevos sensores que basan su funcionamiento en el fenómeno de inducción electromagnética. En buena teoría, estos elementos pueden ser modelados con ecuaciones matemáticas simples, por medio de técnicas de análisis de circuitos en el estado senoidal permanente; sin embargo, en la práctica, es claro que los dispositivos presentan un comportamiento muy diferente, debido entre otros factores, a las no linealidades de los materiales empleados para su fabricación. El presente documento pretende resumir una serie de modelos conceptuales simples desarrollados por varios autores que aproximan; de forma más precisa, el comportamiento de estos dispositivos al variar las frecuencias de operación, así como una breve descripción de los materiales utilizados en su construcción, con el objetivo de ampliar el panorama teórico para un mejor entendimiento y posterior caracterización de sistemas eléctricos. The development of new electrical devices in our times involves, at first, a fundamental stage of simulation modeling and theoretical behavior at the frequency domain before proceeding with the experimental steps necessary to consolidate these ideas into a new product good enough to be used in our society. In this matter, understanding the actual operation of passive components is essential to describe key characteristics that define the actual performance of the evolving system. Fundamentally, there are three most commonly used electrical elements, namely: resistance, capacitors and inductors, essential to generate new sensors that base their operation on the electromagnetic induction phenomenon. In good theory, these elements can be modeled with simple mathematical equations by means of circuit analysis techniques in the sinusoidal permanent state, but in practice, it is clear these devices exhibit a very different behavior, due inter alia, to material’s nonlinearities used for manufacturing. This document aims to summaryze a series of simple conceptual models developed by several authors that approaches, somewhat, a more precise performance characterization of these devices by varying the operating frequency, as well as a brief description of the different materials used on its construction, with the aim of expanding the theoretical overview for a better understanding and further characterization of common electrical systems.