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Ausgehend von unseren drei ethnografischen Dissertationsprojekten untersuchen wir in diesem Beitrag, inwiefern die Situationsanalyse einen geeigneten Zugang zur Analyse der Materialität digitaler Artefakte bieten kann. So zeigt es sich als eine grundsätzliche Herausforderung in dem der Situationsanalyse zugrundeliegenden methodologischen Anspruch, das Nicht-Menschliche über die Mapping-Verfahren angemessen zu berücksichtigen. Wir unternahmen vor diesem Hintergrund den Versuch, die Verfahren der Situationsanalyse zur Erforschung der Materialität digitaler Artefakte zu erweitern., Based on three ethnographic dissertation projects, we examine to which extent situational analysis is a suitable approach to analyze the materiality of digital artifacts. The methodological claim of situational analysis to adequately account for the non-human by using mapping strategies poses a fundamental challenge. Against this background, we attempt to extend the techniques of situational analysis to study the materiality of digital artifacts.

Identifying gender and social roles in prehistory has been a common practice within archaeology for many years. Space and activity areas have often been used as methods for determining how gender identity presents itself in the archaeological record. However, the systems of gender and identity used in past research have been based on binary binds. By re-examining a model originally based on notions of binary gender and other western-based ideas, this thesis provides an examination of whether gender identity can be elucidated through the spatial location of artifacts and determines if the use of binary genders is justified. Using GIS, the space-use model created by Oetelaar in 2000 at EgPn-375 is examined, reaffirmed, and revised using the Grouping Analysis tool on the ESRI ArcMap program and through artifact analysis. The resulting revised model was applied to EgPn-377 and the implications of its applicability at this site on how identity manifested itself physically through space, time, and season. As well, how identity is understood at stone circle sites found across the plains is discussed. The overall goal of this thesis was to highlight the implications of removing western-based concepts of identity and the importance of further tipi ring studies, particularly in collaboration with descendant communities, as these domestic lodges hold insights into the day-to-day life of the peoples who inhabited and continue to inhabit the plains.

*On the title page of this report it says 'draft', however this is the final report. * To meet increased demand for electricity due to growth, SRP plans to construct an approximately 20-mile (mi), double-circuit, 230-kilovolt (kV) transmission line including associated tubular steel pole structures that average 110–140 feet (ft) tall (Project). The Project will connect three 230/69kV receiving stations, including the Ball Substation in Gilbert, the Pfister Substation in southeastern Queen Creek, and the Abel Substation east of San Tan Valley. This Project was approved by the Arizona Corporation Commission (ACC) in 2009, when they issued a Certificate of Environmental Compatibility (CEC) (Decision No. 71441). Because 29.65 acres of the transmission line corridor, including some pole locations, fall within previously known archaeological sites, SRP contracted PaleoWest, LLC (PaleoWest) to prepare and implement this archaeological Historic Properties Treatment Plan (Plan) to mitigate the potential adverse effects of the ground-disturbing activities associated with the pole placement. The three sites crossed by the corridor— AZ U:10:2(ASM)/Germann Site, AZ U:10:32(ASM)/Sand Dune South, and AZ U:10:9(PG)—are Prehistoric Period Hohokam habitation sites.

Die Arbeit rekonstruiert jugendliche Mitgestaltung und jugendkulturelle Artikulationen in westdeutschen Schulen entlang eines umfassenden Bestandes an Schülerzeitungen. Zur Mitgestaltung der Schulgemeinschaft und zum Erlernen demokratischer Handlungsweisen wurden Schülerzeitungen von den Alliierten zusammen mit der Schülermitverantwortung (SMV) insbesondere an Gymnasien eingeführt. Erstmals wird hier auch die Entwicklung der Schülerzeitungen in der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts nachgezeichnet. Schülerzeitungen zeugten gegenüber der Schülermitverantwortung (SMV) von deutlich unproblematischer und erfolgreicher zu etablierenden Mitgestaltungs- und Artikulationsmöglichkeiten und trugen zur Entwicklung von stärker durch Liberalisierung und Partizipation geprägte Schulkulturen bei. Dies wird für prägende Themen in der behandelten Zeit dargestellt: mit Blick auf (1) die Diskussion von Technik und naturwissenschaftlich-technischen Entwicklungen während des Kalten Krieges, (2) auf die Beschäftigung mit den USA und ihrem kulturellen Einfluss sowie (3) auf die Auseinandersetzungen mit jugendkulturellen Entwicklungen. Die zunehmende Öffnung der Schule für jugendkulturelle Ausdrucksweisen wird sowohl thematisch als auch auf materieller Ebene untersucht. Dazu wird u. a. die symbolische Kommunikation auf Titelblättern von Schülerzeitungen analysiert. Die dargestellten produktiven Bemühungen um Meinungsfreiheit in der Schule verdeutlichen auch die Bedeutung von Schülerzeitungen für das Lehrer-Schüler-Verhältnis. Die Arbeit bekräftigt die Relevanz von Schülerzeitungen für die Rekonstruktion von Jugendkulturen bzw. peer cultures im schulischen Raum sowie als ertragreiche Quelle für die Jugend- und Schulforschung. Schülerzeitungen sind darüber hinaus ein internationales und auch transnationales Phänomen. Für weitere Forschungen wird daher zudem ein erster umfassender Forschungsbericht zu Schülerzeitungen in Westeuropa, in der DDR und in den USA gegeben. This doctoral thesis reconstructs youth participation and youth-cultural articulations at West German secondary schools. After 1945, the Allies introduced student newspapers along with student councils in order to foster the acquisition of democratic behaviors and codetermination of the school community. This project first offers a thorough documentation of the development of student newspapers in the first half of the 20th century, and then focuses on their development in the 1950s and 1960s. By the mid-1950s, the editors of the student newspapers had claimed independence vis-a-vis student councils. Student newspapers, meanwhile, bespoke far less problematic, and more successful, potentials for participation and youth-cultural articulation. They thereby contributed to school cultures more strongly influenced by liberalization and participation. The following defining themes from the era are presented in these articles: (1) the discussion of technology and natural science/technical developments during the cold war, (2) engagement with the USA and its cultural influence, and (3) involvement with youth-cultural developments. The increasing opening of schools for youth-cultural forms of expression is examined on both thematic and material levels. In addition, newspaper elements such as the symbolic communication in title pages will be analyzed. The productive efforts toward freedom of opinion in schools show the importance of school newspapers in terms of the teacher-student relationship and the development of participatory structures in schools. This project underlines the relevance of school newspapers for the reconstruction of youth cultures and peer cultures in schools in addition to being sources for youth research and school research. Moreover, school newspapers are an international and transnational phenomenon. Areas for further research are indicated in a literature review for Western Europe a consideration of the GDR and the USA. Cette thèse reconstruit la participation des jeunes et les articulations culturelles des jeunes dans les écoles ouest-allemandes à travers une collection de plus de 7 500 journaux scolaires archivés à la Bibliothek für Bildungsgeschichtliche Forschung (BBF) de Berlin. Afin d'aider à façonner la communauté scolaire et d'apprendre à agir de manière démocratique, les journaux scolaires ont été introduits après 1945 par les Alliés en collaboration avec le conseil des élèves, en particulier dans les écoles secondaires. Ce faisant, certaines préformes réussies du passé ont été poursuivies. Pour la première fois, cet ouvrage retrace l'évolution des journaux scolaires dans la première moitié du XXe siècle, puis se concentre sur les développements des années 1950 et 1960. A partir du milieu des années 1950, les rédacteurs en chef des journaux de l'école ont revendiqué avec succès leur indépendance vis-à-vis du conseil des élèves, dont les possibilités de codécision ont été désillusionnées à un stade précoce. Contrairement au conseil des élèves, les journaux scolaires ont témoigné de possibilités de co-design et d'articulation à établir nettement moins problématiques et plus fructueuses et ont ainsi contribué au développement de cultures scolaires plus fortement influencées par la libéralisation et la participation. Il est présenté dans le présent document pour les thèmes de formation au cours de la période couverte : en vue (1) de la discussion sur la technologie et les développements scientifiques et techniques pendant la Guerre froide, (2) de l'occupation avec les Etats-Unis et son influence culturelle, et (3) des confrontations avec les développements culturels des jeunes. L'ouverture croissante de l'école aux expressions culturelles des jeunes est examinée tant au niveau de la thématisation que sur le plan matériel sous la forme d'une analyse des artefacts. A cet effet, la communication symbolique sur les pages de titre des journaux scolaires sera analysée. Les efforts productifs présentés pour la liberté d'opinion dans les écoles illustrent également l'importance des journaux étudiants pour la relation enseignant-élève et le développement de structures participatives dans les écoles. Les travaux confirment la pertinence des journaux scolaires pour la reconstruction des cultures des jeunes ou des cultures des pairs dans les écoles et en tant que source productive pour les jeunes et la recherche scolaire. Les journaux scolaires sont également un phénomène international et transnational. Pour des recherches plus approfondies, ce document fournit un premier rapport de recherche complet pour l'Europe occidentale ainsi qu'une présentation pour la RDA et les Etats-Unis.

Desert Archaeology, Inc., personnel conducted archaeological fieldwork for the City of Tucson at the Mission and Mission Garden loci of the Clearwater site, AZ BB:13:6 (ASM), and the Santa Cruz River Westside Canal site, AZ BB:13:481 (ASM), in March through July 2007, and September through October 2008. The work was conducted to mitigate the effects of the planned construction of the Mission of San Agustín, Ancestral Village, Carrillo House, and Mission Garden components of the Tucson Origins Heritage Park. As of June 2015, only the Mission Garden component was constructed. The project was funded by the City of Tucson as part of the Rio Nuevo redevelopment project. In all, 461 archaeological features were documented at the Clearwater site, and 21 canal segments from the Santa Cruz River Westside Canal site were studied. These features date from the time span between the Silverbell Interval of the Early Agricultural period (circa 2100 B.C.) into the American Statehood period, ending at about A.D. 1960. The features located included prehistoric pit structures, roasting pits, and small pits used for various purposes. Mission-era features included foundations of the Mission Garden walls and several middens. American Territorial period features were also found and included a brick-lined well and several outhouse pits. A number of prehistoric and protohistoric mortuary features were also located. These were excavated, and the remains and associated artifacts were repatriated to the Tohono O'Odham Nation. Analyses presented in this report used the features, recovered artifacts, plant materials, and faunal bone to examine three research issues — the changing riverine oasis, oasis communities, and community diversity.

Excavations at the Pima Animal Care Center (PACC) revealed a unique portion of the prehistoric Hohokam landscape. Uncovered were the vestiges of a settlement that was occupied for two short periods at the beginning and the end of the Hohokam pre-Classic. Both periods of occupation occurred during times of transition in the prehistoric Tucson Basin. The Tortolita phase occupation corresponds with the founding of villages and the transition to Hohokam lifeways throughout southern and central Arizona. The Late Rincon-Tanque Verde phase occupation occurred during the transition between the Hohokam pre-Classic and the Classic period, spanning the time between the abandonment of pre-Classic villages and the advent of Classic period villages centered on platform mounds. Occupation during the intervening time was absent, although it is argued that the area was not abandoned during this period, but rather, remained an integral part of the Hohokam landscape. Data recovery and archaeological monitoring during the current project resulted in the identification of 281 archaeological features at AZ AA:12:46(ASM) and 15 features at AZ AA:12:980 (ASM). All water-control features were included in AZ AA:12:980(ASM), with all other feature types assigned to AZ AA:12:46(ASM). The features and the artifacts that filled them provide a unique opportunity to examine the social and economic context of the Hohokam landscape during times of transition.

The University of Arizona Spring Field School was held at the Guevavi Mission, AZ EE:9:1 (ASM), from 2013 to 2015. A previous survey at the site had revealed that rodent burrowing was damaging a Mission-era (circa 1690s-1810s) midden. Vehicular traffic and weather-related erosion were damaging features in a dirt road. Among the goals of the fieldwork were to collect information from threatened features to then address several research questions. One question concerned the precontact history of the site. Numerous Early Agricultural period projectile points were previously found at the site. One area along the south edge of the site looked promising for an Early Agricultural period settlement; instead, a test unit revealed Sobaipuri and Hohokam artifacts. The Hohokam settlement, as revealed by pit structures and other features in the dirt roadbed and nearby areas, dates to the Colonial and Sedentary periods, from about A.D. 750 to 1150. It may be one of the largest Hohokam sites in this portion of the Santa Cruz River floodplain. The yet undiscovered Early Agricultural period settlement may lie in the floodplain of the river, with the recovered lithic artifacts having made their way to the site when incorporated into adobe bricks. Previous researchers identified an adobe structure, feature 20, and two areas with light-colored soil, Features 18 and 19, on the City of Nogales property. Another question was to determine the function of these three features. It was unknown if the structure was a multiroom residence or a church. Excavation of the northern room revealed it was a dwelling that had burned after it was abandoned. It was likely the home of some of the Christianized Native Americans at the mission. Feature 18 was revealed to be a pen and chute area for animal management, and Feature 19 was a corral. These types of features are not usually preserved at Spanish mission sites, due to their ephemeral nature and postmission disturbances. The unusual preservation of these animal management features provides significant information about how residents of the site took care of the horses, cattle, and sheep raised there. The final research question focused on the mission midden, feature 26, located on a steep slope on National Park Service property. Two 2-m square excavation units provided a sample of Mission-era and post-mission (1810s) trash, including Native American ceramics, faunal bone, plant remains, and items manufactured in Mexico, Spain, and China. The primary meat source was cattle, and residents ate a variety of Old World and New World plants. The oldest known peach pits and chili seeds in Arizona were recovered from the Guevavi Mission midden. The few imported goods revealed that trade networks allowed luxury goods from far-away places to be carried to the mission. The discovery of slag, lime, and copper ore in the upper portions of the midden verify findings made in the 1960s that Yaqui miners lived at the mission after it was abandoned. Data collected during the field school were used by students in their final class presentations. Those student papers have been edited and form the bulk of the text in this report. The new information from these excavations will help National Park Service personnel interpret their portion of the site. It may also spur efforts to help preserve the City of Nogales portion of the site, which is being affected by vehicular traffic, natural erosion, and cattle traffic.

"Padlocking" is a quite recent phenomenon observable in many major cities in Europe and throughout the world. Couples engrave their initials or names on a padlock, fix it in a public place, preferably bridges, and throw the keys away. Locations like the Hohenzollern Bridge in Cologne, Germany, have become a hotspot for this practice, with thousands and thousands of padlocks covering the grids of the banisters. But what kind of practice is it that we are dealing with here? With an objective-hermeneutic approach, the symbolic meaning of the "love lock" and the practice involved is disclosed. Compared to common, legal practices of institutionalizing couple relationships, padlocking seems to explicitly accommodate the fragility of romantic attachments. In this, it is an attempt to perpetuate the feeling of being in love.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160246, El "padlocking" es un fenómeno reciente observado en muchas ciudades importantes de Europa y del mundo. Las parejas graban sus iniciales o nombres en un candado, lo fijan en un lugar público, preferentemente un puente, y tiran las llaves. Lugares como el puente Hohenzollern en Colonia, Alemania, se han convertido en puntos centrales de esta práctica, con miles y miles de candados cubriendo las rejas de los pasamanos. ¿Pero con qué tipo de práctica estamos lidiando aquí? El simbolismo del "seguro de amor" y la práctica implicada son revelados a través de una aproximación objetivo-hermenéutica. Comparada con las prácticas legales habituales de institucionalización de las relaciones de pareja, el padlocking parece adaptarse explícitamente a la fragilidad de los afectos románticos. En este sentido, constituye un intento de perpetuar la sensación de estar enamorado.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160246, Sogenannte "Liebessschlösser" sind ein relativ neues Phänomen, das in vielen größeren Städten Europas und weltweit beobachtbar ist. Paare versehen Vorhängeschlösser mit ihren Namen oder Initialen, befestigen sie an öffentlichen Plätzen, vorwiegend Brücken, und werfen die Schlüssel weg. Plätze wie die Hohenzollernbrücke in Köln wurden zu Hotspots dieser Praxis, mit abertausenden Vorhängeschlössern, die die Gitter des Geländers bedecken. Aber mit welcher Praxis hat man es hier zu tun? Mit einem objektiv-hermeneutischen Zugang wird die symbolische Bedeutung der Schlösser und der mit ihnen verbundenen Praktiken analysiert. Verglichen mit bisherigen Formen der Institutionalisierung der Paarbeziehung greift die Anbringung von Vorhängeschlössern ausdrücklich die Fragilität romantischer Bindungen auf. In dieser Hinsicht handelt es sich um einen widersprüchlichen Versuch, das Liebesgefühl auf Dauer zu stellen.URN: http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs160246

The project consists of repair of rain damage to the platform mound and ball court at Pueblo Grande. The repair will be done in two phases. Phase 1, which is covered within this report, repaired damage to the protective backfill/wall capping and drainage system around the perimeter of the mound, and removed excessive sediment from the drainage sump of the ball court. Phase 2, which will be conducted at a later date, will repair damage on the top of the mound consisting of erosion beneath the interpretive trail and will also include partial backfilling of some of the open rooms on top of the mound to protect their integrity. A treatment plan for Phase 1 was prepared, and provided methods for documenting the damaged areas before, during, and after repair; overseeing the work crews to ensure that the work was done properly and to protect sensitive areas of the site; collection of artifacts recovered from screening fill soil and sediment; and education of visitors as needed about the work being conducted.

On July 1, 2014, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) granted Sierrita Gas Pipeline LLC (Sierrita) notice to proceed with the construction of the Sierrita Pipeline Project (the Project), a new natural gas pipeline and appurtenant facilities in Pima County, Arizona, that deliver natural gas from El Paso Natural Gas Company’s existing pipeline system southwest of Tucson to an interconnect point at the U.S.-Mexico border near the town of Sasabe. Concurrent with the construction of the Project was the implementation of a Historic Properties Treatment Plan (HPTP) (Hesse 2014a) for the 25 historic properties (i.e., cultural properties eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places [NRHP]) that had been identified in or within 50 feet of the Project area of potential effects (APE). Some form of treatment was proposed for all of the historic properties to avoid and minimize the Project’s effects on eligible properties, and to mitigate the adverse effects on eligible properties where avoidance was not feasible. Treatment techniques designed to avoid and/or minimize effects included necking the width of the construction corridor, fencing, construction of the pipeline by boring and installing it beneath sites, construction monitoring, and the implementation of construction safeguards along access roads through sites (“road treatment”). Treatment designed to mitigate adverse effects where avoidance was not feasible involved data recovery excavation. Tribal monitors from the San Xavier District of the Tohono O’odham Nation assisted archaeological monitors in the implementation of the HPTP. Unanticipated discoveries during the Project led to the documentation of four new archaeological sites and an extension of the boundaries of a previously recorded archaeological site (AZ DD:6:80 [ASM]) within the APE. The four sites were all determined NRHP eligible and added to the list of sites requiring some form of treatment. The pipeline was placed in service on October 31, 2014. Monitoring of cleanup and restoration activities along the pipeline right-of-way (ROW) continued until November 6, 2014. Protective fencing along access roads on U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Buenos Aires National Wildlife Refuge (BANWR) was removed on February 26, 2015, following the completion of road restoration activities. This second volume of the results of implementing the Sierrita Pipeline Project HPTP contains the results of data recovery investigations conducted at nine archaeological sites where avoidance was not feasible. The first volume discusses the archaeological monitoring that occurred during project construction.

Archaeological testing and data recovery prior to construction of the PGM Public Arts Walkway and archaeological monitoring of subsequent construction activities within the grounds of the city-owned Pueblo Grande Museum and Archaeological Park.This report includes background information about the project area, descriptions of the field methods and results of the monitoring and data recovery effort, a summary of work accomplished, and recommendations for future work in the project area locale.

Archaeological investigations were conducted along State Route 79 northwest of Oracle, Arizona, prior to rebuilding the Coronado Wash Bridge by the Arizona Department of Transportation. Desert Archaeology subcontracted with AZTEC Engineering to perform the investigations. Two sites were included in this project, AZ AA:8:350 (ASM) and AZ AA:8:351 (ASM), the Coronado Wash site. AZ AA:8:350 (ASM) was tested for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (National Register) and is not thought to be eligible because it contained few surface artifacts and no subsurface cultural deposits. The Coronado Wash site, AZ AA:8:351 (ASM), was previously determined to be eligible for the National Register (Tweedy and Woodall 1977). Therefore, phased data recovery was conducted at the site and is the focus of this report. The project area encompassed only a small portion of the Coronado Wash site, AZ AA:8:351 (ASM), along the northeastern margin of the surface scatter. Forty-five features were discovered: 10 pithouses, 1 inhumation, and 33 other extramural features. The site occupation dated from the Agua Caliente phase (A.D. 50-500) to the Classic period (A.D. 1150-1450), with the densest occupation during the Agua Caliente and Tortolita phases (A.D. 500-700). Based on the excavation data, there was little evidence for agriculture, the pithouse construction was expedient, and the artifacts lacked diversity, indicating this portion of the site was occupied on a temporary or short-term basis. Artifact analyses suggested reuse of the site during the early time periods and single short-term occupation during the Sedentary and Classic periods. The percentage of sherd disks was relatively high compared with other sites in the Tucson Basin, which may indicate an emphasis on fiber production, or it may be fortuitous due to the small and peripheral area of the site that was sampled. In sum, the prehistoric inhabitants of this portion of the site seem to have been a local group who selected this location to collect wild resources, likely on a seasonal basis. Most of the evidence suggests these people were fairly self-contained and made their own artifacts from local materials, although non-local ceramics, flaked stone, and shell were also recovered. Indications of ceramic production and the high percentage of ceramic disks suggest the unexcavated portion of the site was probably more permanently occupied. Due to the small size of the project area, the interpretation of the site occupation in this volume may be quite different from the interpretation of the entire site occupation if one could include what is lying unknown in the unexcavated portion of the site.

This report contains the results of archaeological testing at the northwest corner alignment and Frontage Road. The project was conducted at the request of the CalPortland Company, who would like to expand its mining of sand and gravel into a 9-acre parcel in the pecan orchard property. This land is owned by Pima County and leased to CalPortland. The sand and gravel mining would remove the entire parcel to a depth of more than 6.0 m. The work was conducted to comply with the Pima County Board of Supervisors Policy C3-17, which follows the Arizona Antiquities Act, ARS §41-841 et seq. The project area lies south and west of Rillito Creek and east of the Santa Cruz River. The most recent deposition forming the current surface of the floodplain originated from Rillito Creek. The current project area likely contains the boundary between the older Qt2 (Holocene) floodplain and the younger Qt1 (modern) floodplain. However, the bulk of the parcel where the pecan orchard is located is within the Qt1 terrace. The Qt1 terrace lies approximately 3.0 m below the level of the Qt2 terrace on the south side of the parcel along Sunset Road. Elevations range from 2,220 to 2,230 ft above sea level. One known archaeological site, AZ AA:12:11 (ASM), overlaps the southeastern corner of the parcel. AA:12:11 is considered eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places under Criterion D (Milliken and Boley 2012:62). In addition to site boundary definition at AA:12:11, site identification testing was conducted to identify any new sites, and particularly canals, which are the most likely cultural resources to be found in this context. The Area of Potential Effects (APE) included the entire 9-acre parcel. Desert Archaeology personnel conducted fieldwork between 18 and 24 August 2015, expending a total of 11 field person-days. The work followed the methodology outlined in the approved treatment plan for the project (Swartz 2015). Work was conducted under Arizona Antiquities Act Project Specific Permit Number 2015-087ps administered by the Arizona State Museum (ASM) and Agreement on Burial Discoveries: Case # 2015-025. All project related materials, including field forms, photographs, and reports will be curated at ASM under Accession Number 2015-377.