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The AKOBEN Programme, an environmental performance rating and disclosure initiative that show the environmental performance of gold mining firms with reference to their daily activities post environmental impact assessment and issuance of an environmental permit was introduced in Ghana to serve as a monitoring and verification tool towards environmental compliance and responsible mining. As to whether the AKOBEN Programme is enhancing the environment and or safeguarding public health in Ghana needs to be investigated. A systematic multi-methods environmental audit approach comprising of comparative analysis, time series analysis, air and water quality indices were used within the framework of the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response to answer the questions what is happening to the environment and what the consequences for the environment and humanity are. The quality and suitability of River Kwabrafo as a habitat for aquatic life, for agricultural, recreational and drinking purposes pre and post AKOBEN Programme introduction as well as the quality of agricultural soils and river sediments in gold mining communities was determined. The study revealed that the AKOBEN Programme rates gold mining firms based on variable-by-variable concentrations of toxic water pollutants such as As, Cd, Hg, CN and non-toxic water pollutants such as pH, suspended solids, dissolved solids and electrical conductivity without taking into account the cumulative effect of the pollutants and the various uses of water. Results on the quality of River Kwabrafo based on the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index confirmed no differences in water quality concerning use for agriculture, recreation, drinking and as a habitat for aquatic life before and after the introduction of the AKOBEN Programme. The study also revealed the quality of air at Anyinam to be acceptable with reference to PM10 and unhealthy with reference to total suspended particulate (TSP). The AKOBEN Programme failed to delineate TSP into oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methyl mercury and oxides of sulphur for which reason the impacts of greenhouse gases and methyl mercury on the Obuasi Municipality could not be investigated under the AKOBEN Programme. Mean arsenic concentrations for all study sites exceeded the arsenic reference for Ghana with significant differences existing between mean soil Cd and Hg levels at AKOBEN sites, Non-AKOBEN sites and Control sites. This study will not only elucidate the environmental and health problems associated with gold mining operations at AKOBEN and Non-AKOBEN sites in Ghana, but will also present complex water quality data into simple communication format for easy understanding to policy makers and non-expert audience.

I GREATLY ENJOYED Veronica Clarke's 'Why I Went to a Catholic College' and her clear reasoning for the superiority of choosing such a path (December 2022). Although I am a [...]

Doses crescentes de fertilizante de liberação controlada (FLC) foram comparadas com fertilização convencional e tratamento sem fertilização. Estes tratamentos foram testados em mudas das pioneiras Guazuma ulmifolia (mutambo), Eucalyptus grandis e Pinus caribaea var. caribaea, da secundária inicial Peltophorum dubium (canafístula) e da clímax Calycophyllum spruceanum (mulateiro), as quais cresceram em casa de vegetação. As mudas foram cultivadas em tubetes de 50 cm³ de capacidade, tendo como substrato uma mistura contendo 50% de húmus de minhoca, 30% de casca de eucalipto decomposta e 20% de casca de arroz carbonizada, em base volumétrica. Aos 125 dias após a semeadura, as mudas de G. ulmifolia, E. grandis e P. dubium submetidas à fertilização convencional apresentaram maior crescimento em altura e biomassa seca da parte aérea comparados aos dos tratamentos que receberam FLC. Contudo, para estas espécies, a biomassa seca da raiz das mudas submetidas ao tratamento convencional foram semelhantes à das mudas produzidas com as duas maiores doses de FLC (4,28 e 6, 42 kg/m³ de substrato), e a razão entre raiz e parte aérea foi maior para a dose de 6,42 kg/m³ (FLC), comparada à do tratamento convencional para as duas primeiras espécies. O Calycophyllum spruceanum e o Pinus caribaea var. caribaea tiveram pequeno desenvolvimento em todos os tratamentos, aos 125 dias.

Why Kore-eda Hirokazu? Why a Special Issue devoted to this Japanese director rather than other filmmakers of his generation, like Shinozaki Makoto, Aoyama Shinji, Suwa Nobuhiro, and Kawase Naomi, with [...]

Objective: The present study examined the effectiveness of after-action reviews (AARs; also known as debriefing) in mitigating skill decay. Background: Research on the long-term effectiveness of AARs is meager. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted an experimental study that also overcomes some research design issues that characterize the limited extant research. Method: Eighty-four participants were randomly assigned to an AAR or non-AAR condition and trained to operate a PC-based fire emergency simulator. During the initial acquisition phase, individuals in the AAR condition were allowed to review their performance after each practice session, whereas individuals in the non-AAR condition completed a filler task. About 12 weeks later, participants returned to the lab to complete four additional practice sessions using a similar scenario (i.e., the retention and reacquisition phase). Results: The performance of participants in the AAR condition degraded more after nonuse but also recovered faster than the performance of participants in the non-AAR condition, although these effects were fairly small and not statistically significant. Conclusion: Consistent with the limited research on the long-term effectiveness of AARs, our findings failed to support their effectiveness as a decay-prevention intervention. Because the present study was conducted in a laboratory setting using a relatively small sample of undergraduate students, additional research is warranted. Application: Based on the results of the present study, we suggest some additional strategies that trainers might consider to support long-term skill retention when using AARs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to determine whether the use of the Current Population Survey's Annual Social and Economic Supplement's (CPS ASEC) public use file can calculate reasonable standard errors for multivariate models. The CPS ASEC provides estimates of income, poverty, and health insurance coverage. Results show that users of multivariate estimates that were derived from CPS ASEC performed better compared to those who used estimates from the internal Census Bureau file.

The state-based health care reforms are discussed in order to understand the impact of states-federal partnerships on health care in the U.S. The federal bills will be providing grants to states for extending health care coverage and promoting the state initiatives might improve the equity, quality and efficiency of the troubled health care system for an important fraction of the U.S. public.

Psychometric properties of the Inventory of Drug Use Consequences (InDUC; W. M. Miller, J. S. Tonigan, & R. Longabaugh, 1995), a self-report assessment of negative consequences associated with alcohol and [...]

The statistical analysis of the inferences of the current population survey for health services research is presented.

INTRODUCTION The primary objective of the present paper is to present information on the development of three team task analysis scales. A goal was to develop these scales in such […], This paper presents initial information on the development and validation of three team task analysis scales. These scales were designed to quantitatively assess the extent to which a group of tasks or a job is team based. During a 2-week period, 52 male students working in 4-person teams were trained to perform a complex highly interdependent computer-simulated combat mission consisting of both individual- and team-based tasks. Our results indicated that the scales demonstrated high levels of interrater agreement. In addition, the scales differentiated between tasks that were predetermined to be individual versus team based. Finally, the results indicated that job-level ratings of team workflow were more strongly related to team performance than were aggregated task-level ratings of team-relatedness or team workflow. These results suggest that the scales presented here are an effective means of quantifying the extent to which tasks or jobs are team based. A research and practical implication of our findings is that the team task analysis scales could serve as criterion measures in the evaluation of team training interventions or predictors of team performance.

The following article appeared in volume 20, number 4 of The Engineering Economist. I was asked some time ago how one goes about starting a journal from scratch when it [...]

INTRODUCTION Using a relatively large and representative sample, the present study constructively replicates and extends Arthur et al. (2001) by investigating the convergence between self-report and archival data and, also, […], This study constructively extends Arthur et al. (2001) by assessing the convergence of self-report and archival motor vehicle crash involvement and moving violations data in a 2-year longitudinal follow-up. The relationships among these criteria, conscientiousness, and driving speed were also assessed using both predictive and postdictive criterion-related validation designs. Data were collected from a 2-year follow-up sample of 334 participants. Results suggested a lack of convergence between self-report and archival data at both Time 1 and Time 2. In addition, the predictor/criterion relationships varied across research design and data source. An actual application of our findings is that the interpretation of relationships between specified predictors and crash involvement and moving violations must be made within the context of the criterion-related validation design and criterion data source. Specifically, predictive designs may produce results different from those of postdictive designs (which are more commonly used). Furthermore, self-report data appear to include a broader range of incidents (more crashes and tickets), and thus researchers should consider using self-report data when they are interested in including lower threshold crashes and tickets that may not be reported on state records (e.g., because of the completion of a defensive driving course).