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В статье рассматриваются актуальные проблемы гражданско-правового регулирования в сфере интернет-рекламы. Акцентируется внимание на гипотезах и проблемах, решение которых будет способствовать совершенствованию цивилистической нормативной правовой сферы.

In this paper, a novel planar Butler matrix (BM) utilizing only 3dB3⁢dBhybrid couplers and a crossover are implemented using a low-cost silver-nano inkjet printing technique. Unlike in the conventional design of BM where a phase shifter is required, this novel design does not need a phase shifter to be implemented. However, the use of delicate substrates like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the design makes it unique. This is not possible with the conventional thermal curing process, as PET substrate cannot be subjected to an excessively feverish temperature. The results obtained show good return loss and transmission coefficients better than 26.1026.10 and 23.54dB23.54⁢dB, respectively, at the center frequency. Similarly, an amplitude imbalance of less than 2.4dB2.4⁢dB with phase mismatch within ±0.25∘±0.25∘ is achieved at the center frequency. The BM has a −10dB-10⁢dB bandwidth of 24.79% with a beam pattern produced at +13∘+13∘,−40∘-40∘, +40∘+40∘, and −13∘-13∘ when ports 1-4 of the BM are energized.

Oil yield and the properties of oil can be improved with various enzymatic pre-treatments before obtaining oil from oilseeds by cold-press extraction. A commercial mixture of pectolytic enzymes was used in this study. In addition, apple seed meal as a source of β-glucosidase enzyme and citric acid were applied to oilseeds (pumpkin, terebinth and flaxseed) as pre-treatments. The results were evaluated by comparing the effects of the pre-treatments on oil yield and properties. Enzyme preparate could increase the oil yield of pumpkin seeds (~300%) and flaxseed (151%). Significant increases in the phenolic contents of terebinth (from 91.67 to 319.33 mg GAE/kg) and flaxseed oils (from 12.03 to 40.47 mg GAE/kg) were achieved by citric acid and enzymatic pre-treatments. These two pre-treatments were also effective in terms of peroxide formation and oxidative stability in terebinth oil. With the help of the pre-treatments applied to oilseeds it was possible to increase the transition of phenolics from seeds to oil for terebinth oil with increase ratios of 245% for citric acid, 248% for the enzymatic process compared to the control. El rendimiento y las propiedades del aceite se pueden mejorar con varios pretratamientos enzimáticos antes de obtener el aceite de las semillas oleaginosas mediante extracción por prensado en frío. En este estudio se utilizó una mezcla comercial de enzimas pectolíticas. Además, se aplicó, como pretratamientos, harina de semilla de manzana, como fuente de enzima β-glucosidasa y ácido cítrico, a semillas oleaginosas (calabaza, terebinto y linaza). Los resultados se evaluaron comparando los efectos de los pretratamientos sobre el rendimiento y las propiedades del aceite. El preparado enzimático puede aumentar el rendimiento de los aceite de las semillas de calabaza (~ 300%) y la linaza (151%). Se lograron aumentos significativos en los contenidos fenólicos de terebinto (de 91,67 a 319,33 mg GAE/kg) y aceites de lino (de 12,03 a 40,47 mg GAE/kg) mediante pretratamientos con ácido cítrico y enzimas. Estos dos pretratamientos también fueron efectivos en términos de formación de peróxido y estabilidad oxidativa en aceite de terebinto. Con la ayuda de los pretratamientos aplicados a las semillas oleaginosas, fue posible aumentar el traspaso de fenoles de las semillas al aceite, para el caso del aceite de terebinto, con porcentajes de aumento del 245% con el tratamiento con ácido cítrico y 248% para el proceso enzimático, en comparación con el control.

Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) were dried by using sun and oven (50oC) drying methods. Oven drying decreased the drying time approximately 50% when compared to the sun drying method for both herbs. K, Ca, P, Mg and Na were the most abundant elements in dill and parsley samples. Oven-dried samples had higher mineral values than that of the sun-dried samples. Page, Modified Page, Midilli and Küçük and Diffusion approach were shown to give a good fit to the sun drying of parsley. The Midilli and Küçük and Verma models have shown a better fit to the experimental sun drying data of dill. Wang-Singh and Midilli and Küçük models gave the highest r2 values for oven drying of parsley and dill, respectively.

The Marmaris salamander is an endemic and endangered amphibian species in Southwestern Anatolia. Here, we estimated some population parameters of the Marmaris salamander by conducting a total of 40 days of intensive sampling across 5 different sites. We marked 323 salamanders with visible implant elastomer between 2017 and 2019 and recaptured 46 of them. The population consists of 36% juveniles, 27.9 % males, and 35.9% females with a female-biased sex ratio (m: f= 0.77) was observed. We estimated population density per site to be between 10 and 42 indiv./ha. The capture probability ranged from 0.15 to 0.54 and the survival rate ranged from 0.53 to 0.86 among the populations. Based purely on models of habitat suitability, the geographic distribution of the Marmaris salamander is likely to shrink by 9–62% in the next 30-50 years. The most important threats are land use conversion, climate change, and forest fires. If no action is taken some populations of the species might go extinct. © 2020, Societas Europaea Herpetologica. All rights reserved., Rufford Foundation: 21425-1, 27105-2, Acknowledgments: This project was funded for 2 years by Rufford Small Grants Foundation (Project Numbers: 27105-2 and 21425-1) and Akdeniz Koruma Derneği by support of the Directorate of Marmaris Branch of the 4th Regional Directorate of the Department of Nature Protection and National Parks of the Republic of Turkey. Also, we would like to thank Marmaris Municipality for logistical support and all volunteers who helped during the field work. We thank Nigel Taylor (Tour du Valat) and Ertuğrul Orbay Yazanlar for valuable comments and reviewing the English., This project was funded for 2 years by Rufford Small Grants Foundation (Project Numbers: 27105-2 and 21425-1) and Akdeniz Koruma Derne?i by support of the Directorate of Marmaris Branch of the 4th Regional Directorate of the Department of Nature Protection and National Parks of the Republic of Turkey. Also, we would like to thank Marmaris Municipality for logistical support and all volunteers who helped during the field work. We thank Nigel Taylor (Tour du Valat) and Ertu?rul Orbay Yazanlar for valuable comments and reviewing the English.

Three-dimensional chiral plasmonic metasurfaces were demonstrated to offer enormous potential for ultrathin circular polarizers and applications in chiral sensing. However, the large absorption losses in the metallic systems generally limit their applicability for high-efficiency devices. In this work, we experimentally and numerically demonstrate three-dimensional chiral dielectric metasurfaces exhibiting multipolar resonances and examine their chiro-optical properties. In particular, we demonstrate that record high circular dichroism of 0.7 and optical activity of 2.67 × 105 degree/mm can be achieved based on the excitation of electric and magnetic dipolar resonances inside the chiral structures. These large values are facilitated by a small amount of dissipative loss present in the dielectric nanoresonator material and the formation of a chiral supermode in a 4-fold symmetric metasurface unit cell. Our results highlight the mechanisms for maximizing the chiral response of photonic nanostructures and offer important opportunities for high-efficiency, ultrathin polarizing elements, which can be used in miniaturized devices, for example, integrated circuits.

Mediterranean Coast, with its richhistorical heritage, unique natural beauty and rich cultural heritage not onlyof Turkey, one of the world's most important habitats. The main settlements ofthe Mediterranean Region are Adana, Antalya, Burdur, Hatay, Isparta,Kahramanmaraş, Mersin, Osmaniye and the counties of these provinces. Kahramanmaraş, located in theMediterranean Region, has a rich historical and cultural background. As of2017, a total of 1,127,623 people live in Kahramanmaraş according toTurkstat-ABPRS data. Of this population, 555,512 consisted of women and 572,111were men. Among the population pyramid of the province, the largest group ofthe population is 110.922 people and 5-9 age group. In this study, in the development process ofKahramanmaraş, one of the most important cities of the Eastern MediterraneanBasin, the role and function of the Agriculture and Rural Development SupportInstitution (ARDSI) will be emphasized. In the research conducted with adescriptive sociological point of view, document research and archive scanningtechniques were used as basic data collection technique., Akdeniz Bölgesi,sahip olduğu zengin tarihsel miras, eşsiz doğa güzellikleri ve zengin kültürelbirikimiyle yalnızca Türkiye’nin değil, dünyanın en önemli yaşamalanlarındandır. Akdeniz Bölgesi’nin başlıca yerleşim yerleri arasında Adana,Antalya, Burdur, Hatay, Isparta, Kahramanmaraş, Mersin, Osmaniye illeri ile buillerimizin ilçeleri sayılabilir. AkdenizBölgesi’nde yer alan Kahramanmaraş, oldukça zengin bir tarihi ve kültürelbirikime sahiptir. 2018 yılı TÜİK-ADNKS verilerine göre, 2017 yılıitibariyle Kahramanmaraş’ta toplam 1.127.623 kişi yaşamaktadır. Bu nüfusun 555.512’sikadınlardan, 572.111’i de erkeklerden müteşekkildir. İlin nüfus piramidi içindeen büyük nüfus dilimini 110.922 kişi ile 5-9 yaş grubundan bireyleroluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Doğu Akdeniz Havzası’nın en önemliillerinden biri olan Kahramanmaraş’ın kalkınma sürecinde, Tarım ve KırsalKalkınmayı Destekleme Kurumu (TKDK)’nun rolü ve işlevi üzerinde durulacak. Betimleyici sosyolojik bir bakışaçısı ile gerçekleştirilen araştırmada, temel veri toplama tekniği olarak dokümanaraştırması ve arşiv taraması teknikleri kullanıldı.

PubMedID: 29489610 Paracetamol is a common antipyretic often used to treat children with fever and pain. With the increasing administration of intravenous (IV) paracetamol, there will be the associated risk of medication dosing errors. We report a case of IV paracetamol overdose in a child with fever during hospital admission. A IV paracetamol dosing error occurred, with delayed recognition resulting in transient hepatotoxicity, with a peak alanine transaminase of 1946 IU/L and aspartate transaminase of 1633 IU/L. © Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

Background: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) is an illegal tradition commonly practiced in Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East. Despite a globalized world and developing social media, this harmful practice is currently still being implemented. Aims: We aimed to evaluate the opinions of university students regarding FGM/C. Methods: This descriptive study included 821 students who studied at Nyala University, Sudan, in January 2016. The students were questioned for the following: Age, faculty, reasons for female circumcision, effects of female circumcision on female sexual functions and their views about the circumcision for their daughter. Results: The rate of FGM/C among female university students was 80.1%. Although 73% of the male students prefer to marry uncircumcised women, they also reported that FGM/C should be continued to be performed, and their future daughters should be circumcised (64.5%). Female students were against FGM/C for their future daughters (77.6%). Conclusions: This study shows that even educated individuals demand FGM/C in spite of knowing the harm. It is therefore suggested continuing educational studies on this subject. © World Health Organization (WHO) 2019.

Objectives: Evidence suggests that lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is often underdiagnosed because symptoms may be nonspecific. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of LAL-D in children with unexplained liver disease and to identify demographic and clinical features with a prospective, multicenter, cross-sectional study. Methods: Patients (aged 3 months-18 years) who had unexplained transaminase elevation, unexplained hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly, obesity-unrelated liver steatosis, biopsy-proven cryptogenic fibrosis and cirrhosis, or liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis were enrolled. A Web-based electronic data collection system was used. LAL activity (nmol/punch/h) was measured using the dried blood spot method and classified as LAL-D(0.37). Asecond dried blood spot sample was obtained from patients with intermediate LAL activity for confirmation of the result. Results: A total of 810 children (median age 5.6 years) from 795 families were enrolled. The reasons for enrollment were unexplained transaminase elevation (62%), unexplained organomegaly (45%), obesity-unrelated liver steatosis (26%), cryptogenic fibrosis and cirrhosis (6%), and liver transplantation for cryptogenic cirrhosis (

… Int Union Pure & Appl Biophys, European Biophys Soc Assoc, Inst Phys, Biol Phys Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [114Z494] This work was supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Grant number: 114Z494).

Salih Coşkun,1 Sefer Varol,2 Hasan H Özdemir,2 Sercan Bulut Çelik,3 Metin Balduz,4 Mehmet Akif Camkurt,5 Abdullah Çim,1 Demet Arslan,2 Mehmet Uğur Çevik2 1Department of Medical Genetics, 2Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 3Family Health Center, Batman, 4Department of Neurology, Şanlıurfa Education and Research Hospital, Şanlıurfa, 5Department of Psychiatry, Afsin State Hospital, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey Abstract: Migraine pathogenesis involves a complex interaction between hormones, neurotransmitters, and inflammatory pathways, which also influence the migraine phenotype. The Mediterranean fever gene (MEFV) encodes the pyrin protein. The major role of pyrin appears to be in the regulation of inflammation activity and the processing of the cytokine pro-interleukin-1β, and this cytokine plays a part in migraine pathogenesis. This study included 220 migraine patients and 228 healthy controls. Eight common missense mutations of the MEFV gene, known as M694V, M694I, M680I, V726A, R761H, K695R, P369S, and E148Q, were genotyped using real-time polymerase chain reaction with 5' nuclease assays, which include sequence specific primers, and probes with a reporter dye. When mutations were evaluated separately among the patient and control groups, only the heterozygote E148Q carrier was found to be significantly higher in the control group than in the patient group (P=0.029, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] =0.45 [0.21–0.94]). In addition, the frequency of the homozygote and the compound heterozygote genotype carrier was found to be significantly higher in patients (n=8, 3.6%) than in the control group (n=1, 0.4%) (P=0.016, odds ratio [95% confidence interval] =8.57 [1.06–69.07]). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the allele frequencies of MEFV mutations between the patients and the healthy control group (P=0.964). In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that biallelic mutations in the MEFV gene could be associated with a risk of migraine in the Turkish population. Moreover, MEFV mutations could be related to increased frequency and short durations of migraine attacks (P=0.043 and P=0.021, respectively). Future studies in larger groups and expression analysis of MEFV are required to clarify the role of the MEFV gene in migraine susceptibility. Keywords: MEFV gene, headache, Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), biallelic mutations, pyrin (or marenostrin), aura, single nucleotide polymorphisms&nbsp

Sefer Varol, Hasan Hüseyin Özdemir, Mehmet Uğur Çevik, Yaşar Altun, Ibrahim Ibiloğlu, Aysun Ekinci, Aslıhan Okan Ibiloğlu, Metin Balduz, Demet Arslan, Recep Tekin, Fesih Aktar, Mehmet Ufuk Aluçlu Department of Neurology, FacultyofMedicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, Turkey Background: Deltamethrin (DLM) is a broad-spectrum synthetic dibromo-pyrethroid pesticide that is widely used for agricultural and veterinary purposes. However, human exposure to the pesticide leads to neurotoxicity. Glutamine is one of the principal, free intracellular amino acids and may also be an antioxidant. This study was undertaken in order to examine the neuroprotective and antioxidant potential of L-glutamine against DLM toxicity in female Wistar albino rats. Materials and methods: The rats were divided into the following groups (n=10): Group I: control (distilled water; 10mL/kg, po one dose), Group II: L-glutamine (1.5g/kg, po one dose), Group III: DLM (35mg/kg, po one dose), and Group IV: DLM (35mg/kg, po one dose) and L-glutamine (1.5g/kg, po one dose after 4hours). Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels and apoptosis were evaluated in brain tissue. Results: DLM-treated animals had a significant increase in brain biochemical parameters, as well as TOS and TAS. Furthermore, the histopathological examination showed neuronal cell degeneration in the cerebral tissue. L-Glutamine treatment decreased the elevated brain levels of TOS and neuronal cell degeneration. There was no difference in tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels between the groups. Conclusion: L-Glutamine may reduce the toxic effects of DLM in the cerebral tissue through antioxidant properties. Keywords: deltamethrin, L-glutamine, rat

Angiomyofibroblastoma is a rare myxoid tumor and is often seen in vulvar and vaginal area. Patients usually present with a mass on the vulva or labium majus at the premenopausal ages. The lesions are usually between 0.5 cm and ten cm. Lesions have quite cellularity with regular borders under the microscope. Lesions contain numerous veins and bulging stromal cells. Treatment of angiomyofibroblastoma is simple surgical resection. Angiomyofibroblastoma should be differentiated from the other vulvar neoplasms, which need radical surgical treatment, especially from the aggressive angiomyxoma. Hereby, the authors aimed to report a premenopausal women presented with vulvar mass and accompanying anemia. She was diagnosed with angiomyofibroblastoma.

Un retard de croissance intra-utérin (RCIU) est un trouble développemental résultant de conditions défavorables au développement du foetus, qui survient dans approximativement 10% des grossesses à travers le monde, principalement dans les pays à bas revenus, avec une prédominance en Asie centrale (1). Un processus pathologique conduit à un trouble de la vitesse de croissance in utéro dont l’origine peut être maternelle, placentaire ou foetale (2). Le RCIU est défini comme une incapacité du foetus à atteindre son plein potentiel de croissance, ce qui résulte souvent en un poids de naissance inférieur au 10ème percentile par rapport à l’âge gestationnel mais est défini principalement par la présence d’une cassure de la courbe de croissance due à un processus pathologique durant la vie foetale (3). Il peut survenir précocement et être suspecté par un poids foetal estimé par ultrason au 1er trimestre inférieur au 10ème percentile (2), ou plus tardivement. Un trouble de la croissance du foetus est également à rechercher chez une mère ayant des facteurs de risque (antécédent de grossesse avec RCIU, maladies chroniques etc.), lorsque la mesure de la hauteur utérine est inférieure à la norme en fonction de l’âge gestationnel, ou face à une augmentation des indices de résistance de l’artère utérine et une diminution du flux sanguin dans le cordon ombilical lors du contrôle morphologique de routine à l’échographie Doppler de l’artère utérine, entre la 20ème et 22ème semaines de gestation. Toute suspicion doit donner lieu à un suivi particulier pour confirmer ou non le RCIU. Le RCIU est une cause importante de morbidité et mortalité périnatales. Il constitue d’ailleurs la deuxième cause de décès périnatale après la prématurité. De plus, les enfants nés avec un RCIU ont un risque augmenté de développer des troubles neurologiques, ainsi que des maladies cardiovasculaires et métaboliques à l’âge adulte. Des études ont montré qu’un processus pathologique ou une agression externe durant le développement intra-utérin peut être à l’origine d’une altération permanente des fonctions biologiques de l’individu et conduire à des maladies non transmissibles à l’âge adulte, telles que les maladies cardiovasculaires, le diabète, l’hypertension artérielle ou encore l’obésité, souvent après une longue phase de latence (4,5). En effet, le développement du foetus est une période critique et de grande vulnérabilité qui requiert un environnement intra-utérin favorable, ainsi qu’une nutrition et un apport d’oxygène adéquats via le placenta. L’apparition de certaines maladies chroniques à l’âge adulte liées à des conditions de vie intra-utérines et périnatales défavorables pourrait être favorisée par des modifications épigénétiques. Les causes maternelles notoires sont l’hypertension artérielle, certains médicaments avec effets antiépileptiques, les immunosuppresseurs ou les antidépresseurs ainsi que d’autres facteurs de risque tels que le tabac, l’alcool ou la malnutrition (6). Quant aux facteurs de risque liés au foetus, les malformations, les grossesses multiples ou les infections ont été identifiés comme des causes pouvant engendrer un RCIU. Cependant, malgré l’identification de certaines conditions favorisant sa survenue, les mécanismes conduisant au retard de croissance restent mal compris. De plus, il n’existe actuellement aucun traitement efficace pour empêcher ou limiter le développement d’un RCIU. Des moyens de prévention existent, mais sont actuellement essentiellement basés sur l’éviction de certains facteurs de risque maternels (7). Une insuffisance placentaire, c’est-à-dire une altération des échanges utéroplacentaires, a été documentée chez presque tous les cas de RCIU et engendre une diminution de l’apport en nutriments et en oxygène au foetus, soulignant l’implication du placenta dans le processus physiopathologique du RCIU (8). La contribution du placenta au développement d’un RCIU est largement reconnue (6). Elle pourrait néanmoins être assortie d’une altération de la circulation foeto-maternelle au niveau du cordon ombilical. Le sang foetal désaturé en oxygène est drainé par les deux artères ombilicales vers le placenta alors que l’apport en sang oxygéné vers le foetus se fait par l’unique veine ombilicale. Une corrélation entre le poids à la naissance et celui du placenta a également été observée. Les nouveau-nés avec un retard de croissance avaient un placenta de poids inférieur à la norme pour l’âge gestationnel (9,10), ce qui a également été démontré dans l’étude de Peyter AC et al (6). De ce fait, ce travail se base sur l’hypothèse qu’une insuffisance placentaire retrouvée chez les RCIU est associée à un dysfonctionnement au niveau du cordon ombilical, tout particulièrement au niveau de la veine ombilicale puisque c’est elle qui amène les éléments nutritifs et l’oxygène au foetus. Les études précédentes du projet, dont fait partie ce travail, ont mis en évidence des altérations au niveau de la relaxation du muscle lisse induite par le NO et de la structure de la VO, chez les nouveau-nés avec un RCIU (6).

Iatrogenic vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is one of the possible complications after gynecologic operations. However, fistula formation owing to a forgotten foreign body is a rare condition. Infectious complications and subsequent vesicovaginal perforation due to foreign body is difficult to diagnose since it is an unlikely condition. Delays in diagnosis and treatment can lead to serious morbidities and even mortality. This paper aims to discuss a VVF case developed after anterior colporraphy owing to forgotten gauze.

Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare condition that is increasing in frequency parallel to the increase in cesarean section rates. The authors hereby discuss a case with cesarean scar pregnancy at advanced age that was treated with methotrexate (MTX) in Nyala Sudan Turkey Training and Research Hospital.Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare type of ectopic pregnancy that is increasing in number due to the increase in cesarean deliveries. Clinical vigilance is imperative for diagnosis and treatment of this highly mortal and morbid entity.