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In this paper, we propose to use Gaussian mixture model (GMM) supervectors in a feed-forward deep neural network (DNN) for age identification from voice. The GMM is trained with short-term mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). The proposed GMM/DNN method is compared with a feed-forward DNN and a recurrent neural network (RNN) in which the MFCC features are directly used. We also make a comparison with the classical GMM and GMM/support vector machine (SVM) methods. Baseline results are obtained with a set of long-term features which are commonly used for age identification in previous studies. A feed-forward DNN and an SVM are trained using the long term features. All the systems are tested using a speech database which consists of 228 female and 156 male speakers. We define three age classes for each gender; young, adult and senior. In the experiments, the proposed GMM/DNN significantly outperforms all the other DNN types. Its performance is only comparable to the GMM/SVM method. On the other hand, experimental results show that age identification performance is significantly improved when the decisions of the short-term and long-term systems are combined together. We obtain approximately 4% absolute improvement with the combination compared to the best standalone system.

Mehmet Burak Gülcan,1 Hüseyin Demirtaş,2 Abdullah Özer,2 Zeynep Yığman,3,4 Ali Dogan Dursun,5 Mustafa Arslan,6– 8 Gürsel Levent Oktar2 1Erzurum City Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erzurum, Turkey; 2Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Turkey; 3Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey; 4Gazi University Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence NÖROM, Ankara, Turkey; 5Atılım University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey; 6Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey; 7Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; 8Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center (GUDAM), Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa Arslan, Department of Anesthesiology and ReanimationGazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06510, Türkiye, Tel +90 533 422 85 77, Email mustarslan@gmail.comObjective: This study aimed to demonstrate whether ozone has cardioprotective effects on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetes.Methods: A total of 38 male Wistar Albino rats were divided into five groups as follows: control group (group C,n=6), diabetic group (group D,n=6), diabetic ozone group (group DO,n=6), diabetic-ischemia/reperfusion (group DIR,n=6), diabetic-ischemia/reperfusion-ozone (group DIRO,n=6). Six rats died during this period and two died because of surgical complications. A myocardial ischemia-reperfusion model was created using a thoracotomy incision from 4th intercostal space. The LAD was ligated using an 8– 0 prolene suture for 30min. Ozone was administered intraperitoneally(1mg/kg) 5min before reperfusion. The reperfusion time was 120 min. At the end of the reperfusion procedure, myocardial tissue histopathological examinations, and serum biochemical analyses were performed.Results: The percentage of TUNEL(+) cardiomyocytes/HPF was significantly higher in the DIR group than in the C, D, and DO groups. Conversely, TUNEL positivity was significantly lower in the DIRO group than in the DIR group. The IRI score was significantly higher in the DIR and DIRO groups than that in the C, D, and DO groups. In contrast, the IRI damage score in the DIRO group was significantly lower than that in the DIR group. Serum MDA levels were significantly higher in the DIR group than in the C, D, and DO groups. Similarly, MDA levels were significantly higher in the DIRO group than in the C and D groups. CAT activity was significantly higher in the DIR group than in the C and D groups. SOD activity was significantly higher in the DIR group than in the C and DO groups.Conclusion: Our study showed that ozone exerts cardioprotective effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats through its antioxidant role against oxidative stress. Both biochemical and histological analyses clearly revealed that ozone has beneficial effects against IRI in the diabetic rat myocardium.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, ozone, myocard, SOD, MDA, ischemia-reperfusion

Hasan Bostancı,1 Selin Erel,2 Ayşegül Küçük,3 Gülay Kip,2 Şaban Cem Sezen,4 Seda Gokgoz,5 Muharrem Atlı,4 Feyza Aktepe,2 Kursat Dikmen,1 Mustafa Arslan,2,6,7 Mustafa Kavutçu5 1Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey; 2Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey; 3Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey; 4Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 5Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, Turkey; 6Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; 7Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center (GUDAM), Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Ayşegül Küçük, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey, Tel +90 532 675 77 05, Email aysegul.kucuk@gmail.comObjective: Pancreatic surgeries inherently cause ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, affecting not only the pancreas but also distant organs. This study was conducted to explore the potential use of dexmedetomidine, a sedative with antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, in mitigating the impacts of pancreatic IR on kidney and liver tissues.Methods: A total of 24 rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (C), dexmedetomidine (D), ischemia reperfusion (IR), and dexmedetomidine ischemia reperfusion (D-IR). Pancreatic ischemia was induced in the IR and D-IR groups. Dexmedetomidine was administered intraperitoneally to the D and D-IR groups. Liver and kidney tissue samples were subjected to microscopic examinations after hematoxylin and eosin staining. The levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aryllesterase (AES), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme activity were assessed in liver and kidney tissues. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were measured.Results: A comparison of the groups revealed that the IR group exhibited significantly elevated TBARS (p

Necmiye Şengel,1 Ayşegül Küçük,2 Çağrı Özdemir,3 Şaban Cem Sezen,4 Gülay Kip,5 Fatma Er,6 Ali Doğan Dursun,7 Yücel Polat,8 Mustafa Kavutçu,6 Mustafa Arslan5,9,10 1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, (As a Specialist in Anesthesiology and Reanimation), Gazi University Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara, Turkey; 2Department of Physiology, Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Kutahya, Turkey; 3Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Mamak State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 4Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 5Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 6Department of Medical Biochemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 7Department of Physiology, Atılım University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey; 8Cardiovascular Surgery, Tekirdağ Dr. Ismail Fehmi Cumalıoğlu City Hospital, Tekirdağ, Turkey; 9Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; 10Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Researches Center (GÜDAM), Gazi University, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa Arslan, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, 06510, Turkey, Tel +90 533 422 85 77, Email mustarslan@gmail.comObjective: This study aimed to demonstrate whether fullerenol C60, sevoflurane anesthesia, or a combination of both had protective effects on the liver and kidneys in lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in mice with streptozocin-induced diabetes.Methods: A total of 46 Swiss albino mice were divided into six groups as follows: control group (group C, n=7), diabetes group (group D, n=7), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion (group DIR, n=8), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-fullerenol C60 (group DIR-FC60, n=8), diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-sevoflurane (group DIR-S, n=8), and the diabetes-ischemia/reperfusion-fullerenol C60-sevoflurane (group DIR-S-FC60, n=8). Fullerenol C60 (100mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally 30 min before the ischemia-reperfusion procedure to the fullerenol groups (DIR-FC60 and DIR-S-FC60). In the DIR groups, 2 hours (h) ischemia-2h reperfusion periods were performed. In the sevoflurane groups, sevoflurane was applied during the ischemia-reperfusion period with 100% O2. Liver and kidney tissues were removed at the end of the reperfusion procedure for biochemical and histopathological examinations.Results: In liver tissue, hydropic degeneration, sinusoidal dilatation, pycnotic nuclei, prenecrotic cells, and mononuclear cell infiltration in parenchyma were significantly more frequent in group DIR than in groups D and group C. In terms of the histopathologic criteria examined, more positive results were seen in group DIR-FC60, and when group DIR-FC60 was compared with group DIR, the difference was significant. The best results in AST, ALT, glucose, TBARS levels, and SOD enzyme activities in liver tissue were in group DIR-FC60 compared with group DIR, followed by groups DIR-S-FC60 and DIR-S, respectively. Regarding TBARS levels and SOD enzyme activities in kidney tissue, the best results were in groups DIR-FC60, DIR-S-FC60, and DIR-S, respectively.Conclusion: According to our findings, it is clear that fullerenol C60 administered intraperitoneally 30 min before ischemia, alone or together with sevoflurane, reduces oxidative stress in distant organ damage caused by lower extremity IRI, and reduces liver and kidney tissue damage in histopathologic examinations.Keywords: lower extremity, ischemia-reperfusion, diabetes, fullerenol C60, sevoflurane, kidney, liver, mice

Ça&gbreve;r&inodot; Özdemir,1 Mustafa Arslan,2– 4 Ay&scedil;egül Küçük,5 Zeynep Y&inodot;&gbreve;man,6,7 Ali Do&gbreve;an Dursun8 1Mamak State Hospital Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey; 2Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey; 3Gazi University, Life Sciences Application and Research Center, Ankara, Turkey; 4Gazi University, Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Research Center (GÜDAM), Ankara, Turkey; 5Kutahya Health Sciences University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey; 6Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara, Turkey; 7Gazi University Neuroscience and Neurotechnology Center of Excellence (NÖROM), Ankara, Turkey; 8At&inodot;l&inodot;m University Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa Arslan, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, 06510, Türkiye, Email mustarslan@gmail.comIntroduction: Oxidative stress has an important role in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia. Boric acid (BA) contributes significantly to the protection of the brain by reducing lipid peroxidation and supporting antioxidant defense. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of BA treatment in AD rats.Materials and Methods: Four groups were formed as Control (C), Alzheimer’s (A), Alzheimer’s + Boric acid (ABA), Boric acid (BA). Intracerebroventricular injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) was preferred to create an AD. After 4 weeks, BA was applied 3 times every other day. The Radial Arm Maze Test (RAMT) was used to evaluate memory and learning abilities. Biochemical and histopathological evaluations were made in the hippocampus.Results: Initial RAMT inlet/outlet (I/O) numbers were similar. Two weeks after STZ injection, I/O numbers decreased in group A and ABA compared to group C and BA (p< 0.05). After the second BA application, I/O numbers increased in the ABA group compared to the A group (p< 0.05). In group A, PON-1, TOS and OSI levels were higher and TAS levels were lower than in groups BA and C. After BA treatment, PON-1 and OSI levels were lower in the ABA group than in the A group (p< 0.05). Although there was an increase in TAS value and a decrease in TOS, this did not make a statistical difference. The thickness of the pyramidal cell in CA1 and the granular cell layers in the dentate gyrus, and the number of intact and degenerated neurons in the pyramidal cell layer were similar between the groups.Discussion: Significant improvement in learning and memory abilities after BA application is promising for AD.Conclusion: These results show that BA application positively affects learning and memory abilities, and reduces oxidative stress. More extensive studies are required to evaluate histopathological efficacy.Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, boric acid, cognitive function, oxidative stress

Teaching Turkish effectively and successfully is one of the main functions of all the teaching phases of Turkish education system. In secondary education, this duty mostly depends on Turkish Language and Literature teachers. The aim of the research named "Socialization of Turkish Language and Literature teachers" is to evaluate the process of vocational and organizational socialization of Turkish Language and Literature teachers according to teachers and the school managers' view. This study includes 85 Turkish Language and Literature teachers and 62 school managers' view who work in Erzincan city centre in 2013-2014 school year. In this study "The Scale of Turkish Language and Literature teachers' socialization variables", of which reliability and validity were analyzed, was used. According to findings both Turkish Language and Literature teachers and the school managers perceive "the process of in-services training" very inadequately within the context of practices that includes vocational socialization. Generally, school managers accept Turkish Language and Literature teachers' "organizational socialization" less inadequate than teachers do. Turkish Language and Literature teachers and school managers think that social status of the teachers in Turkey "none". The results show that Turkish Language and Literature teachers' socialization practices cannot contribute to teachers' vocational adaptation and dedication. In parallel with the results, it is suggested that in the context of vocational development and socialization of teachers in Turkey, specifically Turkish Language and Literature teachers, national norms which are compatible with international standards should be developed.

Hulya Kasıkara,1 Nuran Sungu,2 Mustafa Arslan,3 Aysegul Kucuk,4 Levent Ozturk,5 Nigar Afandiyeva,6 Mustafa Kavutcu6 1Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey; 2Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Yıldırım Bayazit University, Ankara, Turkey; 3Medical Faculty, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; 4Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kutahya Health Sciences University, Kutahya, Turkey; 5Medical Faculty, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Yıldırım Bayazit University, Ankara, Turkey; 6Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa ArslanMedical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gazi University, Ankara, 06510, TurkeyTel +90 312 202 6739Email mustarslan@gmail.comAim: Long-term ketamine use is known to create an interstitial cystitis-like problem in the bladder. It is known that long-term intermittent ketamine is applied to the children receiving radiotherapy for sedation. This study was planned to investigate whether this effect seen in the bladder causes similar changes in the kidneys, testicles, epididymis and ductus deferens.Materials and Methods: A total of 12 male Wistar Albino rats for 3 weeks were used in the study. Rats were divided equally into 2 groups as, ketamine and saline. 50 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally during 21 days to ketamine (K) groups. 1mL/kg saline was administered intraperitoneally during 21 days to saline (S) groups. At the end of 21 days kidney and testicular tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological evaluations.Results: Histological assessment of kidney tissue showed that tubule epithelial congestion increased significantly in the ketamine group. Epididymis congestion and distortion in the epididymal gland were found to be different in the ketamine group when testicular tissue was examined. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level in testicular and kidney tissue was found to be significantly higher in the ketamine group according to the saline group. Catalase (CAT) enzyme activity was significantly lower in the ketamine group compared to the saline group in both tissues. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) enzyme activity was significantly higher in the ketamine group compared to the saline group.Conclusion: We think that the results we have achieved in this study will provide guidance on ketamine, which is repeated in daily anesthesia applications, especially in radiation oncology. But these findings should be supported by clinical and experimental studies that will be conducted in a more detailed and broad series.Keywords: ketamine, infant rat, testicular tissue, kidney, epididymis

Abstract Background Astronauts undergoing long-duration spaceflight are exposed to numerous health risks, including Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS), a spectrum of ophthalmic changes that can result in permanent loss of visual acuity. The etiology of SANS is not well understood but is thought to involve changes in cerebrovascular flow dynamics in response to microgravity. There is a paucity of knowledge in this area; in particular, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow dynamics have not been well characterized under microgravity conditions. Our study was designed to determine the effect of simulated microgravity (head-down tilt [HDT]) on cerebrovascular flow dynamics. We hypothesized that microgravity conditions simulated by acute HDT would result in increases in CSF pulsatile flow. Methods In a prospective cohort study, we measured flow in major cerebral arteries, veins, and CSF spaces in fifteen healthy volunteers using phase contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) before and during 15° HDT. Results We found a decrease in all CSF flow variables [systolic peak flow (p = 0.009), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p = 0.001)]. Cerebral arterial average flow (p = 0.04), systolic peak flow (p = 0.04), and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude (p = 0.02) all also significantly decreased. We additionally found a decrease in average cerebral arterial flow (p = 0.040). Finally, a significant increase in cerebral venous cross-sectional area under HDT (p = 0.005) was also observed. Conclusions These results collectively demonstrate that acute application of −15° HDT caused a reduction in CSF flow variables (systolic peak flow and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude) which, when coupled with a decrease in average cerebral arterial flow, systolic peak flow, and peak-to-peak pulse amplitude, is consistent with a decrease in cardiac-related pulsatile CSF flow. These results suggest that decreases in cerebral arterial inflow were the principal drivers of decreases in CSF pulsatile flow.

Ayşegül Küçük,1,* Yücel Polat,2 Aydan Kılıçarslan,3 Nuran Süngü,3 Hakan Kartal,4 Ali Doğan Dursun,5,* Mustafa Arslan6 1Kutahya Health Sciences University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Kutahya, Turkey; 2Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey; 3Yildirim Beyazit University, Medical Faculty, Department of Pathology, Ankara, Turkey; 4Gulhane Medical Faculty, Gulhane Education and Research Hospital, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Ankara, Turkey; 5Atilim University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Ankara, Turkey; 6Gazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Mustafa ArslanGazi University, Medical Faculty, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, 06510, TurkeyTel +90 312 202 67 39Email mustarslan@gmail.comAim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irisin in a murine model of hind limb ischemia reperfusion (I/R).Methods: The mice were divided into four groups (n = 6 in each group): control, irisin, ischemia reperfusion (I/R), and irisin-ischemia reperfusion (I–I/R). Irisin (0.5 μg.g− 1, intraperitoneally [i.p.]) was administered 30 min before the I/R procedure. After 2 h of ischemia and 2.5 h of reperfusion, blood and tissue samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological analysis. The results were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in all the groups. The TAS level in the I/R group was significantly lower than that in the control, irisin, and I–I/R groups, whereas the TOS level was significantly higher in the I/R group as compared with that in the other groups. Caspase-3 activity and caspase-8 activity, indicators of inflammation, were significantly higher in the I/R and I–I/R groups as compared with those in the control and irisin groups.Conclusion: Irisin may have protective effects in skeletal muscle ischemia reperfusion injury.Keywords: irisin, ischemia reperfusion, caspase-3, caspase-8, mice

OBJECTIVE: Mortality and morbidity rates are very high in patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) after cardiac arrest. In this study, we aimed to determine the mortality rates, risk factors, and predictive factors for mortality in post-cardiac arrest patients admitted to the ICU. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Following approval from the Ethics Committee, we conducted a retrospective review of patient files for individuals over the age of 18 who received treatment for cardiac arrest in the ICU from January 2017 to June 2020. Demographic data of the patients, comorbidities, arrest location, etiology of arrest, duration of hospitalization, CPR duration, APACHE 2 scores, pH and HCO3 measurements in initial blood gases, lactate levels (1st, 6th, 12th, 24th hour), change in lactate levels (24-1), rate of lactate change, procalcitonin (PRC) levels (1st and 24th hour), change in PRC levels (24-1), rate of PRC change, and blood glucose levels were recorded. The patients were divided into two groups (survivors and non-survivors groups). RESULTS: 151 patients were included in the study. pH and HCO3 levels were lower in the non-survivors group than in the survivors group. Initial PRC levels were similar in both groups, but the 24th-hour PRC levels were higher, and the changes in PRC levels in the first 24 hours were greater in the non-survivors group. The lactate changes in the first 24 hours were higher in the non-survivors group. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that the HCO3 levels, 1st-, 6th-, 12th-, and 24th-hour lactate levels, and changes in lactate levels had predictability for mortality. In logistic regression analysis, we found that high 24th-hour lactate levels and changes in lactate levels were independent risk factors for mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Considering PRC and lactate levels, along with clinical examination and laboratory findings, may improve the accuracy of determining the prognosis of patients experiencing cardiac arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aydin Tuncay,1 Volkan Sivgin,2 Aycan Ozdemirkan,2 Saban Cem Sezen,3 Hakan Boyunaga,4 Aysegul Kucuk,5 Isin Gunes,6 Mustafa Arslan2 1Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; 2Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reamination, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; 3Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 4Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey; 5Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya Health Science University, Kütahya, Turkey; 6Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reamination, Erciyes University, Kayseri, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa Arslan Gazi University, Faculty of MedicineDepartment of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara 06510, TurkeyTel +90 533 422 85 77Email mustarslan@gmail.comIntroduction: We aimed to investigate the effects of cerium oxide, applied before the sevoflurane anesthesia, on lung tissue in rats with lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion (IR).Materials and Methods: A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into five groups as; control (C), IR, cerium oxide-IR (CO-IR), IR-sevoflurane (IRS), and cerium oxide-IR-sevoflurane (CO-IRS). In the CO-IR group, 30 minutes after the injection of cerium oxide (0.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal (i.p)), an atraumatic microvascular clamp was placed on the infrarenal abdominal aorta for 120 minutes. Then, the clamp was removed and reperfused for 120 minutes. Sevoflurane was applied in 100% oxygen at a rate of 2.3% at 4 L/min during IR. The blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis and the lung tissue samples were taken for histological analysis.Results: Neutrophil infiltration/aggregation was significantly higher in the IR group than in the C and CO-IRS groups. The alveolar wall thickness and total lung injury scores were significantly higher in the IR group than in the C, IRS, CO-IR and CO-IRS groups.Discussion: We determined that the administration of 0.5 mg/kg dose of cerium oxide with sevoflurane reduces the oxidative stress and corrects IR-related damage in lung tissue. Our results show that the administration of cerium oxide before IR and the administration of sevoflurane during IR have a protective effect in rats.Keywords: cerium oxide, sevoflurane, ischemia reperfusion, biochemical analysis, histopathological analysis

Seyfi Kartal,1 Gülay Kip,2 Ayşegül Küçük,3 Seyhan Sümeyra Aşçı,1 Özlem Erdem,4 Mustafa Arslan,2 Mustafa Kavutçu5 1Health Science University, Kanuni Training and Research Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Trabzon, Turkey; 2Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Turkey; 3Kütahya Health Science University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Kütahya, Turkey; 4Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Ankara, Turkey; 5Gazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Mustafa ArslanGazi University, School of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara 06510, TurkeyTel +90 312 202 53 13Fax +90 312 202 4166Email mustarslan@gmail.comBackground: The objective of this research was to evaluate the oxidative and histopathological effects of dexmedetomidine and ketamine on the pulmonary contusion model resulting from blunt chest trauma.Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups (n=6): control group (Group C), pulmonary contusion group (Group PC), PC-dexmedetomidine group (Group PC-D), PC-ketamine group (Group PC-K), and PC-dexmedetomidine + ketamine (Group PC-D+K). The PC was performed by dropping a weight of 500 g (2.45 Joules) from a height of 50 cm. In Group PC-D, after chest trauma, dexmedetomidine (100 μg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. In Group PC-K, after chest trauma, ketamine (100 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally. In Group PC-D+K, dexmedetomidine and ketamine were administered together. At the end of the 6th hour, rats were sacrificed. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activities, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation, and thickness of the alveolar wall were evaluated.Results: MDA levels were significantly higher in Group PC than Groups C, PC-D, and PC-D+K. SOD enzyme activity was significantly higher in Group PC than Groups C, PC-D, and PC-D+K. In addition, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation and total pulmonary injury scores were significantly higher in Group PC than in other groups, and the thickness of the alveolar wall was significantly higher in Group PC compared to Groups C, PC-D, and PC-D+K. MDA level, SOD enzyme activities, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation, and thickness of alveolar wall were similar in PC-D and PC-D+K groups.Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine and dexmedetomidine+ketamine have protective effects on blunt chest trauma but no protective effect was observed when ketamine was administered alone. We concluded that the administration of dexmedetomidine and ketamine after contusion is beneficial against pulmonary injury in rats.Keywords: dexmedetomidine, ketamine, pulmonary contusion, oxidative injury, neutrophil infiltration/aggregation

Objective: This study aimed to determine the precautions that can be taken to increase the reliability of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials test without being affected by the asymmetry of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the issues that should be considered in the interpretation of vestibular evoked myogenic potential results if these precautions are not taken. Method: Individuals with sternocleidomastoid muscle activity of less than 30 μV in cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing and an asymmetry ratio of more than 0.35 were excluded. In our study, individuals were divided into different groups according to sternocleidomastoid muscle asymetry. Results: A total of 53 individuals were included in the study. Intergroup comparisons were made to determine the effect of electromyogram scaling and filter use on amplitude asymmetry ratio according to sternocleidomastoid muscle asymmetry. Conclusion: Keeping the sternocleidomastoid muscle asymmetry not exceeding 10 μV maximises the reliability of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. As a result of our study, it can be concluded that in clinical applications the asymmetry should not exceed 20 μV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to investigate the main features of the ciliary flow of fourth‐grade fluid in a curved channel. The fluid is considered electrically conducting with a radial magnetic field effect. The constitutive relation for energy is formulated with the addition of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation. The governing system of coupled partial differential equations with extremely nonlinear expressions is simplified using the long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The numerical outcomes of simplified normalized equations are obtained using the finite difference method incorporating the relaxation algorithm. The numerical outcomes regarding the influences of several physical parameters on the temperature, velocity, pumping characteristics, and stream function are examined through graphs. The outcomes reveal that fluid velocity diminishes by enhancing the magnetic parameter. Also, the temperature is enhanced by enhancing the values of the Brickman number. The current model has been used in bioengineering processes, microfluidics, and drug delivery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulphur-containing compounds are highly significant as they can possess a variety of biological activities that make them useful for pharmacological purposes and for the mechanism by which drugs such as antibiotics bind to and disrupt bacterial cell walls. In this study, novel thioalkyl substituted-1,3,4 oxadiazole-bearing sulfonamide compounds have been successfully synthesized and characterized by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR and elemental analysis. The effects of different thioalkyl groups on the 1,3,4 oxadiazole group, the IC50 value for Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase (BCA) found by in vitro, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, pharmacokinetics prediction and molecular docking are aimed to reveal the interactions on BCA. Firstly, pharmacokinetic predictions of thioalkyl substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazole compounds were generated to predict their potential hazards. Secondly, the predicted molecular docking data and 2D interaction were analyzed based on the best configuration from DFT optimization. Finally, the inhibition against BCA was analyzed in vitro and compared with the theoretical data. The compound (5o) has the best value such as IC50 = 51.80 µM, HOMO–LUMO (ΔE 4.488 Ev), ΔG −7.69 kcal/mol, Full fitness −2152.72 FF and predicted toxicity results showed no significant results except hepatotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]