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When and under what conditions do ideologically similar nationalist parties adopt different positions and discourses about refugees and immigrants? We address this question by examining nationalist parties' approaches toward Syrian refugees in Turkey. Documenting these differences based on an original Twitter dataset and party manifestos, we argue that electoral dynamics under the new presidential system have shaped nationalist parties' discourses about refugees in the country. In particular, we explore how pre-electoral alliances and a strategic opening in the political space have motivated nationalist parties to amplify, ambiguate, or silence their otherwise conservative and nativist refugee discourses. Additionally, we maintain that urbanization has influenced the discursive strategies of nationalist party elites toward immigrants and refugees, giving rise to contradictory forms of nationalism in urban areas, including both far-right and liberal nationalisms. Overall, this study offers valuable insights into the complex interactions between refugee politics, electoral dynamics, nationalism, and urbanization in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of mobile devices and the pervasiveness of wireless technology have provided a major impetus to replicate the network-based service discovery technologies in wireless and mobile networks. However, existing service discovery protocols and delivery mechanisms designed for traditional infrastructure-based networks fall short of accommodating the complexities of the ad hoc environment. Konark is a service discovery and delivery protocol designed specifically for ad hoc, peer-to-peer networks, and targeted toward device-independent services in general and m-commerce oriented software services in particular. It has two major aspects-service discovery and service delivery. For discovery, Konark uses a novel decentralized, peer-to-peer mechanism that provides each device the ability to advertise and discover services in an efficient way. The approach toward service description is XML-based. It includes a description template that allows services to be described in a human and software understandable forms. A micro-HTTP server present on each device handles service delivery, which is based on SOAP. Konark provides a framework for connecting isolated services offered by proximal pervasive devices over a wireless medium. Index Terms--Ad hoc networks, m-commerce, pervasive computing, service discovery protocols.

In this study, leaching experiments were performed for extraction of magnesium from a chromite beneficiation plant tailing predominantly containing lizardite. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyzes showed that the tailing sample contains 39.3wt.% MgO and consist of predominantly lizardite mineral. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) were used as acids separately in leaching experiments. Acid concentration, leaching temperature, leaching time, and solid ratio were investigated as leaching parameters and optimized. Maximum magnesium extraction yield was determined to be nearly 98% for both acids under optimum leaching parameters which leaching temperature was 85°C, solid ratio was 20wt.%, leaching time was 120 minutes, and acid concentrations were 6 M for HCl and 4 M for H2SO4. In addition, it was determined that the leaching residue as a solid state was mainly composed of amorphous silicate according to the XRD analysis. Dissolution rate data were explained using Jander equation. Mg dissolution process found to be diffusion controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]