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C. camphora is a renowned traditional Unani medicinal herb and belongs to the family Lauraceae. It has therapeutic applications in various ailments and prophylactic properties to prevent flu-like epidemic symptoms and COVID-19. This comprehensive appraisal is to familiarize the reader with the traditional, broad applications of camphor both in Unani and modern medicine and its effects on bioactive molecules. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Research Gate were searched for bioactive molecules, and preclinical/clinical research and including 59 research and review papers up to 2022 were retrieved. Additionally, 21 classical Unani and English herbal pharmacopeia books with ethnomedicinal properties and therapeutic applications were explored. Oxidative stress significantly impacts aging, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. The polyphenolic bioactive compounds such as linalool, borneol, and nerolidol of C. camphora have antioxidant activity and have the potential to remove free radicals. Its other major bioactive molecules are camphor, cineole, limelol, safrole, limonene, alpha-pinene, and cineole with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anxiolytic, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic, and many other pharmacological properties have been established in vitro or in vivo preclinical research. Natural bioactive molecules and their mechanisms of action and applications in diseases have been highlighted, with future prospects, gaps, and priorities that need to be addressed.

This study was implemented to examine the impact of cartoon images on kids and their parents buying behavior of food products with a reference to Cheetos and kinder joy. The objectives of this research are: 1) identifying the effects of cartoon images on kids and their parents buying behavior. 2) Focusing on factors, which motivate their parents to make buying decision. 3) Finding out the creative strategies to enhance product development. To carry on the research, literature from previous researches on a similar topic was reviewed.The questionnaire for this research were designed using a mixed-method (50 questionnaire and 5 interviews). The sample that we will use to distribute the surveys and conduct interview is convenience,non-probability sampling method. The research covers 50 participants who have kids from 4-10 years or they are in position of parents of their brothers, sisters, nieces or nephews. Also, the interviews are conducted in the malls (LULU Hyper Market Carrefour). The data collection is done through online qualitative research (online questionnaire), while the interview questionsare semi-structured and are analyzed by generating keywords for each question.The analysis of the questionnaire is done using the SPSS analysis software and MS. Excel as the long questions was entered in the software by categorizing them in themes.The results of the study shown that both Kinder joy and Cheetos are well known. In fact, most of the children are influenced consumer behavior, kids, parents baying behavior, packaging, cartoon images, Cheetos, Cheetah Chester, kinder joy.by the cartoon images of those brands.

Lawsonia inermis L. (henna) leaves have good antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties. It is used topically in the form of hamul in gynaecological infections in traditional medicine. However, due to the unpleasant dosage form, it has very low patient compliance. Hence, in this study hydroalcoholic extract-based vaginal suppository of henna leaves was formulated and evaluated for various parameters. Multiple batches of suppository were prepared using poly[1]ethylene glycol (PEG)-4000, PEG-400, Tween-80, Span-60, distilled water and henna hydroalcoholic extract. Based on the organoleptic character and optimization tests, the final batch was selected. The final batch was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters and antimicrobial activities. Batch containing extract 30%, PEG-4000 37.38%, PEG-400 19%, distilled water 4.55%, Tween-80 and Span 60 4.535% each, passed the disintegration time (11.45 min), mucoadhesiveness (90°) and melting point (37 °C) test and selected as an optimized batch. The mean weight of a suppository was 1.56±0.03 g. Secondary plant metabolites in henna leaves and suppository were comparable. Various molecules identified in leaves were also noted in the suppository on GC-MS. Heavy metals and microbial contamination were within the permissible limit. Zone of inhibition (at 50 µg/mL) and minimum inhibitory concentration for E. coli, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, P. aeruginosa and C. albicans were 20 mm, 18 mm, 20 mm, 16 mm, 19 mm and 20 µg/mL, 10 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 45 µg/mL, respectively. This study indicated satisfactory physicochemical parameters and antimicrobial potential of the hydroalcoholic extract-based vaginal suppository of henna. Hence, it may be considered as a better alternative to its traditional dosage form.

Objectives. Abnormal vaginal discharge (Sayalan al-Rahim) is a common public health problem that significantly disrupts the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Syndromic management infers the concurrent treatment of two or more infections. Hence, a comparative, single-blind study was planned to determine the efficacy of Acacia (Acacia nilotica Linn.) pod’s sitz bath (Abzan) plus vaginal pessary (Farzaja) vs. placebo in abnormal vaginal discharge syndromic management, its associated symptoms, and women’s HRQoL. Methods. Diagnosed patients (n = 66) were randomly divided into Acacia (n = 33) and placebo (n = 33) group. Acacia group received Sitz bath with Acacia pod powder (30g) solution followed by vaginal cotton pessary (5 ml of the same solution) once daily for 10 days. The placebo group received palm sugar powder (30g) solution for Sitz bath plus vaginal cotton pessary same as the Acacia group. Primary outcomes included clinical cure assessed with VAS for symptoms and Modified McCormack Pain Scale (McPS) for pelvic tenderness. The secondary outcomes included were the EQ-5D-5 L questionnaire, TSQM questionnaire, sachet count, and microbiological cure. Overall, therapeutic cure included clinical and microbiological cure after treatment. Results. The overall therapeutic cure for bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis, and uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease was 100% (n = 7/7), 45.45% (n = 10/22), and 71.42% (n = 5/7), respectively, in the Acacia group, while in the placebo group none of the patients had responded. The VAS score for symptoms was significantly reduced in Acacia than in the placebo group. At each follow-up, the improvement in the EQ-5D-5 L level of HRQoL was significantly higher in the Acacia group than in the placebo group. Conclusion. Acacia would be an effective and safe alternative in syndromic management of abnormal vaginal discharge, associated symptoms, and improved women’s HRQoL. Trial registration. This trial was registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of Indian Trials Website and given the identification no. CTRI/2018/02/012175 (dated: 27/02/2018).

Pharmaceutical industry is constantly looking for ways to ensure and enhance product safety, quality and efficacy. However, drug recalls, manufacturing failure costs, scale up issues and regulatory burden in recent past suggest otherwise. In traditional quality by testing (QbT) approach, the product quality and performance are predominantly ensured by end product testing with limited understanding of the process and critical process parameters. Regulatory bodies are therefore focusing on implementing quality by design (QbD), a science-based approach that improves process understanding by reducing process variation and enabling process-control strategies. In this regards, pharmaceutical industry is currently undergoing a significant transformation to stream line their R&D process, provide greater manufacturing flexibility and control, and to reduce regulatory burden. However, there is a limited understanding and major concerns regarding the implementation of QbD principle in the pharmaceutical arena. The objective of this review article is therefore to provide a comprehensive understanding on various aspects of QbD, along with addressing the concerns related to its implementation. KEYWORDS: Quality by Design, Design of experiment, Quality risk management, Design space, Quality target product profile.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a leading health problem, in which pelvic organs-the uterus, bladder, and rectum-bulge from the vagina, causing bladder and bowel dysfunction. Uterovaginal prolapse (UVP), Nutu-al-Rahim, affects more than 50% of parous women (women who have had children), especially those above 60 years of age.The current case study intended to evaluate the benefits of a holistic Unani treatment in ameliorating POP symptoms, healing decubitus ulcers, preventing further prolapse, improving quality of life, and maintaining social independence.The research team developed a case report.The study took place at the National Institute of Unani Medicine in Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.The participant was a 70 year-old female patient at the Institute with backache, spotting from the vagina, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, general weakness, and fourth-degree UVP with multiple decubitus ulcers.The participant orally received Majun Moocharus, 7 g twice daily for 60 days,and took sitz baths (Abzan) once daily for 20 minutes for 60 days, which used a medicated decoction of 3g of alum (phitkari ) and 10 g each of a medicated decoction (Joshanda) of nutgalls from the Aleppo oak, Quercus infectoria (Mazu), root of lemon grass Andropogan jwarancusa (Izkhar), and pomegranate rind from Punica granatum (Post anar). She also used vaginal tampons (Hamul) which each used 2g of the same medicinal powder with 10 ml of rose oil and which was inserted into her vagina once per day for 60 days, in combination with pelvic-floor-muscle exercises.The ulcers were healed within a week. The monthly follow-ups for ten months showed no cervical descent or symptoms associated with it.The current case study found that a fourth-grade UVP can be managed effectively with Unani medications. The participant's ulcers were healed, her clinical symptoms of UVP were reduced, and her quality of life improved. Clinical trials are recommended with large sample sizes to create a higher level of evidence for the efficacy of the Unani medicine.

Abstract: Insomnia is well-known as trouble in sleeping and enormously influences human life due to the shortage of sleep. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accrue in neurons during the waking state, and sleep has a defensive role against oxidative damage and dissipates ROS in the brain. In contrast, insomnia is the source of inequity between ROS generation and removal by an endogenous antioxidant defense system. The relationship between insomnia, depression, and anxiety disorders damages the cardiovascular systems' immune mechanisms and functions. Traditionally, polysomnography is used in the diagnosis of insomnia. This technique is complex, with a long time overhead. In this work, we have proposed a novel machine learning-based automatic detection system using the R-R intervals extracted from a single-lead electrocardiograph (ECG). Additionally, we aimed to explore the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in sleeping disorders and cardiovascular diseases, antioxidants’ effects, and the psychopharmacological effect of herbal medicine. This work has been carried out in steps, which include collecting the ECG signal for normal and insomnia subjects, analyzing the signal, and finally, automatic classification. We used two approaches, including subjects (normal and insomnia), two sleep stages, i.e., wake and rapid eye movement, and three Machine Learning (ML)-based classifiers to complete the classification. A total number of 3000 ECG segments were collected from 18 subjects. Furthermore, using the theranostics approach, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction causing oxidative stress and inflammatory response in insomnia and cardiovascular diseases was explored. The data from various databases on the mechanism of action of different herbal medicines in insomnia and cardiovascular diseases with antioxidant and antidepressant activities were also retrieved. Random Forest (RF) classifier has shown the highest accuracy (subjects: 87.10% and sleep stage: 88.30%) compared to the Decision Tree (DT) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The results revealed that the suggested method could perform well in classifying the subjects and sleep stages. Additionally, a random forest machine learning-based classifier could be helpful in the clinical discovery of sleep complications, including insomnia. The evidence retrieved from the databases showed that herbal medicine contains numerous phytochemical bioactives and has multimodal cellular mechanisms of action, viz., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, detoxifier, antidepressant, anxiolytic, and cell-rejuvenator properties. Other herbal medicines have a GABA-A receptor agonist effect. Hence, we recommend that the theranostics approach has potential and can be adopted for future research to improve the quality of life of humans.

Mixed Urinary Incontinence (MUI) in women is an important disease that is under-treated and under-reported with high prevalence of 33% of all cases of incontinence. It significantly impairs women’s quality of life. MUI usually represent with more severe symptoms and are more likely to present for the treatment as per the recent studies. The management not only includes the conventional but also the complementary and alternative medicine treatment incorporating details from evidence to clinical practice. Combinations of behavioral modification, pelvic floor physiotherapy, biofeedback, pharmacotherapy, anti-incontinence devices, and complementary therapies is useful to treat mixed symptoms. Some researches recommended the use of Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) and antimuscarinic drugs to treat MUI. Some studies showed that acupuncture is beneficial for MUI. The treatment with herbal medicine such as mace, Boswellia serrata and Cyperius were also effective in treating MUI symptoms.

Abnormal vaginal discharge (Diagnosed patients (The overall therapeutic cure for bacterial vaginosis, cervicitis, and uncomplicated pelvic inflammatory disease was 100% (

Online reviews play a vital role in today's business and commerce. In the world of e-commerce, reviews are the best signs of success and failure. Businesses that have good reviews get a lot of free exposure on websites and pages that have good reviews show up at the top of the search results. Fake reviews are everywhere online. Online fake reviews are the reviews which are written by someone who has not actually used the product or the services. Because of the cut-throat competition, sellers are now willing to resort to unfair means to make their product stand out. This work introduces some supervised machine learning techniques to detect fake online reviews and also be able to block the malicious users who post such reviews.

Acacia nilotica Linn commonly known as Babul is a multipurpose tree. As the world is turning back towards the herbal drug, it is the need of the hour to re-evaluate the knowledge of traditional medicine through vast review. In the Unani traditional system of medicine, all parts of the plant have been used as a remedy for various diseases and are imputed for their medicinal properties. Hence, this review presents an overview of the medicinal properties of different parts of A. nilotica L. used in Unani medicine, its phytochemical constituents, and diverse pharmacological activities. The information related to this drug was retrieved using the classical Unani sources viz., Al-Qanun fi’l Tibb (Canon of Medicine), Iksir-i-A‘zam, Al Hawi fi’l Tibb (Continens Liber), Tarjuma Kamil al-Sana‘a al-Tibbiyya, Dhakhira Khawarizm Shahi, Biyaz-i-Kabir and Tibb-i-Akbar for medicinal properties used in Unani Medicine. Further for other traditional uses, phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities, different search engines like PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Ovid, Science Direct and Scopus were also browsed. A. nilotica possesses various medicinal properties as per classical Unani texts such as astringent, tonic, wound healing, aphrodisiac, expectorant, resolvent, and antispasmodic. In vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies from the published articles validate the fact that A. nilotica is a potential source of various bioactive compounds having various pharmacological properties and therapeutic uses. The various pharmacological activities are anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, anticancerous, antidiabetic and antihypertensive properties. This review concludes that the Unani medicinal effects of A. nilotica are proven by scientific studies.

The design, development and assembly of microcontroller based Dual Axis Solar Tracker to enhance the performance of an immobile Solar Photo Voltaic (SPV) panel is presented in this paper. Four Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) act as sensors to determine the intensity of sunbeams and communicate the same to Arduino UNO’s microcontroller. Depending on the command given by Arduino Uno’s microcontroller, the solar panel is being tilted perpendicular to the incident sun’s rays by using two servomotors. Thus, the developed prototype ensures that the efficiency of photovoltaic panel is increased in comparison to static solar photovoltaic panel.

Objectives Amenorrhoea in women of reproductive age may be an indication of an undiagnosed and chronic condition. The concept of temperament is a fundamental component of health preservation and diagnosis of various disease conditions including amenorrhoea in Unani medicine. Dystemperament is the commonest cause of various diseases. Therefore, general body temperament and uterine dystemperament in amenorrhoea was determined. Methods A prospective, single-centre, cross-sectional observational study from June to November 2019 was conducted in 80 patients of reproductive age with amenorrhoea ≥60 days. Validated questionnaire for the assessment of women’s general body temperament and clinical features of uterine dystemperament was used. The data were analysed by appropriate statistical analysis. Results The age of patients with amenorrhoea ranged from 14 to 50 years. The most prevalent general body temperament was cold (57.5%) and wet (60%). Cold and wet general temperament was more common at the age of 21–30 years (30 and 36.25%), 60–90 days of amenorrhoea (33.75 and 32.5%) and body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 (47.5 and 50%). The most prevalent uterine dystemperament was cold and dry (95%). A significant correlation between general temperament with age, amenorrhoea and BMI >23 kg/m2 was noted. Moreover, the cold temperament of the body had a significant correlation with cold uterine temperament (r=0.864, p Conclusions This study corroborated the claim of Unani scholars that cold and wet general and uterine temperament is more common in amenorrhoea and obesity. However, amenorrhoea can also occur in normal and other temperaments.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida L. oleo-gum-resin) with mefenamic acid (NSAID) to alleviate dysmenorrhea, associated systemic symptoms and improvement in health-related quality of life. Methods Patients (n = 60) were randomly allocated to receive asafetida (n = 30) or mefenamic acid (n = 30) in this single-blind, randomized, standard controlled trial. Test and control drug, 250 mg was administered and given orally twice daily for 5 days; 2 days prior to and first three days of menstruation for two consecutive cycles. The primary outcomes included the severity of pain assessed with visual analogue scale, verbal multidimensional scale and safety assessment. Secondary outcomes included health-related quality of life (HRQoL) determined using SF-36 health survey questionnaire, pain duration, associated systemic symptoms and PBLAC (Pictorial Blood Loss Assessment Chart) score for menstrual blood loss. The data was statistically interpreted with 5% level of significance. Results Between the groups, at baseline, pain severity did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) however, after the intervention, a significant decrease in pain severity was noted in both groups (P 0.05). At post-intervention improvement in HRQoL and decrease in pain duration was significantly higher in the test group compared with control group. Systemic symptoms decreased significantly in both groups after intervention. No side effects were reported. Conclusion Asafoetida was effective and safe to relieve menstrual cramps and to improve HRQoL. Further, its effect was comparable with mefenamic acid.

To compare the efficacy of two Unani regimen in diabetic vulovaginal candidiasis (VVC). A prospective, randomized, single-blind, comparative trial was conducted at Nizamia Tibbia College. Group A (n = 23) medicine included 100 ml of Joshanda [Ushba Desi (5 g) and Tukhme Hayat (5 g)] with 3 g Sufuf [Mur Makki (1 g), Afsanteen (2 g), and Nagandbabari (3 g)] orally twice daily half an hour before meal. Locally, douche (Aab Barg Bakayan (5 g) and Sufuf Katha (1 g) followed by humul [Roghan Neem (10 ml), Luab Gheegawar (2 g) and Sufuf Zard Chobb (1 g)] was given daily once. Group B (n = 23) received 100 ml of aforementioned Joshanda with 3 g sufuf [Kutki Siyaha (2 g), Kali Zeeri (2 g) and Tukhme Kasni (2 g)] orally twice daily half an hour before meal. Locally, douche (Gulanar (5 g) and Barg babool 5 (g)] was given daily once. Both groups received the treatment for 10 days for three consecutive months. The primary outcomes included change in vaginal discharge and wet mount test. The secondary outcomes included other clinical features of VVC and blood glucose level. The results were analyzed. Group A and B showed absence of vaginal discharge and fungal spores/hyphae in 91.30% and 86.95% respectively, statistically not significant (P = 0.3), whereas pre- and post-test comparison was statistically significant in both groups (P 0.05) for remission of other clinical features and blood glucose level, whereas pre- and post-test comparison showed statistically significant difference in both groups (P

Background: Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after at least one year of unprotected intercourse. It is a complex disorder with significant medical, psychosocial, and economic problems. In about one third of couples are infertile. Approximately 167 million married women aged 15-49 years in developing countries were infertility. The present study aimed to determine the most common causes of female infertility in patients who visiting the National Ayuvedic Teaching Hospital, Borella, Sri Lanka. Methods: In this study 635 infertile (primary and secondary) women were selected to determine the causes of infertility. The subjects were selected from the gynecology clinic, between the periods of February 2015 to March 2016. The data were gathered using a questionnaire; and after that proper statistical method was applied to analyze the data. Results: From the results age between 28-37 years (37.16%) are more prevalent to infertility and the causes of infertility are mainly due to anovulatory cycle (31.18%) and menstrual irregularities (19.21%). BMI also one of the significant cause for infertility. Conclusion: Therefore, identifying the risk factors and proper treatment on time along with policy makers providing facilities to resolve the infertility could possible diverse this alarming increasing trend of infertility.

Distributed server's are used in every IT Firm and all the online-local and global communication today is greatly dependent on them. Therefore these servers undergo continuous usage round the clock, As a result of which performance of these servers degrades resulting to software aging. Software aging is the phenomenon that affects the performance of a software system drastically, thereby degrading it when functioning in a long running state. This is generally caused by factors like exhaustion or inappropriate use of system resources, the accumulation of internal errors and so on. In this paper, we are predicting software aging so that necessary precautionary measures can be taken before the server performance is actually affected. This work demonstrates a prediction model by taking NASA server log dataset information as an input. By the use of Modified Apriori and KNN Algorithm (AKNN) together, we are able to identify the number of anomalies successfully. This module fetches necessary information which includes: all the Host ID's that are facing anomaly, along with their respective failure percentages. Greater the failure rates more are the servers prone to aging. Results are discussed using graphical representations. The graphical representations include the sessions queried, Latency, total session duration and finally the number of anomalies detected with respect to computational time. Hence the proposed work combines two algorithms, and successfully predicts aging in a server with better accuracy and faster computational time.