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This study aims to classify research impact indicators based on their characteristics and scope. A concept of evidence-based nomenclature of research impact (RI) indicator has been introduced for generalization and transformation of scope.

This review paper introduces and explores the Research Impact Quintuple Helix Model, a comprehensive framework designed to analyse and enhance the impact of research across societal, economic, and environmental dimensions. Unlike traditional models focusing on sectoral collaboration for innovation and economic development, this model integrates five critical elements - Research, Publication, Researchers, Institutions, and Countries - offering a holistic approach to understanding research impact. The study systematically examines the dynamic interactions among these elements, emphasising their collective role in fostering collaborative synergies, interdisciplinary research, and effective resource allocation. By aligning research activities with broader societal needs and environmental considerations, the model aims to extend the scope of research impact beyond academic achievements, highlighting the importance of policy alignment, societal engagement, and sustainable practices. Key comparisons with the standard Helix models demonstrate the unique contributions of the research impact quintuple helix model, illustrating its potential to address specific challenges in maximising research benefits. The paper identifies strategic collaborations and policy implications that could significantly enhance the societal benefits of research, advocating for a structured integration of the model's elements into research and policymaking processes. The review concludes by recognising limitations in the existing literature and calling for empirical studies to validate and refine the model. Future research should incorporate quantitative methods to measure the impact effectively, aiming to transform theoretical insights into actionable strategies for a sustainable and impactful research ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global trade and social relationships are greatly facilitated by transportation. However, the majority of nations, including Bahrain, face substantial challenges with their transportation systems. For the development of technical solutions that can promote the progress of these transport systems, it is now crucial to have a complete understanding of travel demands and driver's characteristics. This paper aims to explore the influential factors concerning travel mode choice in Bahrain and utilize mode choice models to forecast the probable utilities of various future public transport modes. The study utilizes diverse, 3864 data records extracted from previous surveys as well as a recent one conducted within this research. Subsequently, using Minitab software, two types of mode choice models were built, namely the logit model and the classification tree model, focusing on modelling the future transportation system, considering potential public transport modes (Public Bus, Metro, and Tram). The analysis of the data identified trip cost as the top predictor, moreover, direct, and quick travel, accessibility, and convenience were also found to significantly influence the choice of travel mode in Bahrain. Additionally, the findings indicate that the metro is the preferred choice for future public transport, with a strong preference observed for a combination of metro and tram. The research also suggests, in terms of model performance, that when capturing more complex patterns, as in this study, the classification tree outperforms the multinomial Logit model. Overall, the research provides valuable insights into mode choice in Bahrain and highlights the important factors influencing commuting decisions. The results of this study can support the development of an efficient public transportation system that would satisfy the needs and preferences of commuters in Bahrain and ultimately lead to a sustainable and accessible transportation infrastructure in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of human–computer interaction (HCI) is a growing area of research. However, its ascendancy and evolution is not understood in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, which is knocking on the doors of innovation and technological advancements. In our analysis, we present a bibliometric and socioeconomic overview of the progress of HCI research in the MENA region. Using a pool of 10 premier venues in the discipline, we extracted 549 papers. We show that authors from high-income MENA countries are the most prolific in terms of both research output and first authorship and that authors from upper-middle-income countries are more likely to publish their work in journals. The topical focus of conducted research was also observed to vary as per the socioeconomic category to which a country belonged to. The USA emerged as the standout collaborative partner of the MENA region, and there was an observed lack of intra-MENA associations. We conclude with the assertion that additional efforts are warranted to promote collaborations amongst the region. Our work is one of the first attempts to quantitatively chart the development of HCI in the MENA region using the socioeconomic level of a country as an important predictor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper aims to investigate carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations on roadways of Karachi, potential blood levels carboxy hemoglobin (COHb) in Karachiites and evaluate its association with asthma prevalence in Landhi and Korangi towns of Karachi city. Geographical information system (GIS) was used for spatial analysis of diseases potentiality while an interpolation technique has been applied for surface generation with town boundaries and later evaluates risk areas. The results depicted that the Union Councils wise estimated carboxy hemoglobin (COHb) levels with mean and maximum values were found in the range of 1.24% to 1.86% and 1.35% to 3.06% respectively. This study shows that the asthma prevalence and carbon monoxide values are strongly correlated, indicating higher the CO levels with higher the Asthma prevalence. The higher concentration of carbon monoxide in the ambient is mainly due to automobile exhaust and industrial emissions, resulting in an increase in asthma, other respiratory and heart related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the association among number of factors influenced by asthma using geographic information system., Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in Landhi and Korangi towns of Karachi from 2011 to 2013, and comprised ecological mapping and multi-criteria evaluation techniques to discover the relationship of local environmental settings with asthma. Additionally, exacerbating environment and the root causes within the local settings were assessed. Data was gathered using an extended version of the questionnaire developed by the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. Data was analysed by using ArcGIS 10., Results: The findings are very alarming as almost 40% (468,930 estimated pop 1998 census) of the study population lived in high asthma-prone environment, having a very high risk of respiratory disorders, including asthma., Conclusions: The integrated environmental effect in the form of respiratory disorders was appraised, focusing on asthma by using multi-criteria analysis.