Search

The intensification of pig farming has posed significant challenges in managing and preventing sanitary problems, particularly diseases of the respiratory complex. Monitoring at slaughter is an important control tool and cannot be overstated. Hence, this study aimed at characterizing both macroscopical and microscopical lesions and identifying the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyo), and Pasteurella multocida (PM) associated with pleurisy in swine. For this, a selected slaughterhouse in São Paulo State underwent a thorough examination of carcasses on the slaughter line, followed by lung sampling. The carcasses and lungs underwent macroscopical examination and were classified according to the score of pleurisy and lung samples were allocated into five groups, being: G0: score 0 - no lesions; G1: score 1; G2: score 2; G3: score 3; and G4: score 4. In total, 217 lung fragments were collected, for the histopathological evaluation and detection of the following respiratory pathogens: APP, Mhyo, and PM by qPCR. The results demonstrated that Mhyo and APP were the most prevalent etiological agents (single and co-identification) in lung samples, in different scores of pleurisies, while bronchopneumonia and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) hyperplasia lesions were the most frequent histopathological findings. Positive correlations were found between the quantification of APP DNA with 1) the score of pleurisy (R=0.254); 2) with the score of lung consolidation in all lung lobes (R=0.181 to R=0.329); and 3) with the score of lung consolidation in the entire lung (R=0.389). The study brings relevant information regarding the main bacterial pathogens associated with pleurisy in pigs and helps with understanding the relationship between the abovementioned pathogens and their impact on the respiratory health of pigs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Porcine Respiratory Diseases Complex (PRDC) is a multifactorial disease that involves several bacterial pathogens, including Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) , Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A. pleuropneumoniae) , Pasteurella multocida (P. multocida) , Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) , and Streptococcus suis (S. suis). In pigs, the infection may cause lesions such pleurisy, which can lead to carcass condemnation. Hence, 1015 carcasses were selected from three different commercial pig farms, where the respiratory conditions were evaluated using slaughterhouse pleurisy evaluation system (SPES) and classified into five groups. In total, 106 pleural and lung fragments were collected for qPCR testing to identify the five abovementioned pathogens. A moderate correlation between the severity of the lesions and the presence of P. multocida (R = 0.38) and A. pleuropneumoniae (R = 0.28) was observed. Concerning the lung samples, the severity of the lesions was moderately correlated with the presence of P. multocida (R = 0.43) and M. hyopneumoniae (R = 0.35). Moreover, there was a strong correlation between the presence of P. multocida and M.hyopneumoniae in the pleura (R = 0.82). Finally, this approach may be a useful tool to identify and quantify causative agents of PRDC using qPCR, providing a comprehensive evaluation of its relevance, strength, and potential application in the field as a surveillance tool for veterinarians.

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a difficult-to-control bacterium since commercial vaccines do not prevent colonization and excretion. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of an orally administered vaccine composed of antigens extracted from Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and incorporated into mesoporous silica (SBA-15), which has an adjuvant-carrier function, aiming to potentiate the action of the commercial intramuscular vaccine. A total of 60 piglets were divided into four groups (n = 15) submitted to different vaccination protocols as follows, Group 1: oral SBA15 + commercial vaccine at 24 days after weaning, G2: oral vaccine on the third day of life + vaccine commercial vaccine at 24 days, G3: commercial vaccine at 24 days, and G4: commercial vaccine + oral vaccine at 24 days. On the first day, the piglets were weighed and, from the third day onwards, submitted to blood collections for the detection and quantification of anti- Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae IgG. Nasal swabs were collected to monitor IgA by ELISA, and oropharyngeal swabs were used to assess the bacterial load by qPCR. Biological samples were collected periodically from the third day of life until the 73rd day. At 41 days of life, 15 individuals of the same age, experimentally challenged with an inoculum containing M. hyopneumoniae , were co-housed with the animals from groups (1 to 4) in a single pen to increase the infection pressure during the nursery period. At 73 days, all piglets were euthanized, and lungs were evaluated by collecting samples for estimation of bacterial load by qPCR. Quantitative data obtained from physical parameters and laboratory investigation were analyzed by performing parametric or non-parametric statistical tests. Results indicate that animals from G2 showed smaller affected lung areas compared to G3. Animals from G2 and G4 had a low prevalence of animals shedding M. hyopneumoniae at 61 days of age. Additionally, no correlation was observed between lung lesions and M. hyopneumoniae load in lung and BALF samples in animals that received the oral vaccine, while a strong correlation was observed in other groups. In the present study, evidence points to the effectiveness of the oral vaccine developed for controlling M. hyopneumoniae in pig production under field conditions.

Surgical site infection of abdominal incisions is an important complication after laparotomy with increased risk of incisional hernia formation in horses. This study aims to evaluate the healing process of abdominal incisions and correlate peritonitis with the occurrence of surgical site infection and incisional hernias. Nine horses underwent standardized laparotomy, intestinal exploration, and induced septic peritonitis. Standardized relaparotomy was performed two (n = 3), four (n = 3), and six (n = 3) months later to evaluate the abdominal cavity for adhesions and to collect the sutured ventral abdominal wall to evaluate and prepare it for histopathological and tensile strength study. All horses presented with endotoxemia, controllable peritonitis, heat and touch-sensitive ventral abdominal edema and surgical wound infection with presence of purulent discharge. Adhesion of the cecum or colon to the internal portion of the surgical wound was observed. Healing of the infected surgical wounds occurred by second intention and a space between the rectus abdominis muscles developed because of the presence of a scar, which was related to incisional hernia. In the histopathological evaluation, the collagen content increased, and the inflammation decreased over time. The tensile strength increased over time and was highest after 6 months. After the second surgical intervention, there was no infection of the surgical wound in any of the animals and healing by first intention occurred. Surgical site infection may be a symptom of peritonitis in horses recovering from abdominal surgery. Infected surgical wounds heal by second intention, which favors the spacing of rectus abdominis muscle and the formation of incisional hernia., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: This research aimed to conduct an investigation of the tools used to assess safety culture in the primary health care., Study Design: Integrative review of the literature., Methods: We conducted a literature search using an instrument that included quantitative assessments of safety culture, using the following databases: CINAHL, ScienceDirect, PubMed, BIREME, and SciELO. Retrieved material comprised original articles published from 1998 to 2014, with titles and abstracts available in English, Portuguese, Spanish, and French., Results: The search resulted in seven instruments; however, only three were primary healthcare focused., Conclusion: Most of the existing instruments for assessing safety culture have acceptable psychometric properties. The study serves as a source for students, workers, and researchers who want to know more about appropriate instruments for evaluating safety culture in primary care., (Copyright © 2018 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective:: to assess the culture of safety in three public hospitals., Method:: transversal study undertaken in three Brazilian public hospitals, with health professionals through applying the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Scores greater than or equal to 75 were considered positive., Results:: a total of 573 professionals participated in the study, including nurse technicians and auxiliary nurses 292 (51%), nurses 105 (18.3%), physicians 59 (10.3%), and other professionals 117 (20.4%). The mean of the SAQ varied between 65 and 69 in the three hospitals. Among the domains, however, 'Job satisfaction' presented a higher score, and the opposite was observed for the domain 'Perceptions of management'. The outsourced professionals presented a better perception of the culture of safety than did the statutory professionals. The professionals with higher education presented a better perception of the stressing factors than did the professionals educated to senior high school level., Conclusion:: the level of the culture of safety found is below the ideal. The managerial actions are considered the main contributing factor to the culture's weakness; however, the professionals demonstrated themselves to be satisfied with the work., Objetivo:: evaluar la cultura de seguridad en tres hospitales públicos., Método:: estudio transversal realizado en tres hospitales públicos brasileños, desarrollado con profesionales de la salud aplicando el Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Fueron considerados positivos puntajes mayores o iguales a 75., Resultados:: participaron del estudio 573 profesionales, incluyendo técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería 292 (51%), enfermeros 105 (18,3%), médicos 59 (10,3%), y otros profesionales 117 (20,4%). El promedio del SAQ varió entre 65 a 69 en los tres hospitales. Sin embargo, en los dominios, Satisfacción en el Trabajo presentó mayor puntaje y lo opuesto fue observado en el dominio Percepción de la Administración. Los profesionales tercerizados presentaron mejor percepción de la cultura de seguridad que los profesionales estatutarios. Los profesionales de nivel superior presentaron mejor percepción de los factores estresores que los profesionales de nivel medio., Conclusión:: el nivel de cultura de seguridad encontrado se encuentra debajo de lo ideal. Las acciones administrativas son consideradas como el principal contribuyente para la fragilidad de la cultura, entretanto los profesionales se demostraron satisfechos con el trabajo., Objetivo:: avaliar a cultura de segurança em três hospitais públicos., Método:: estudo transversal realizado em três hospitais públicos brasileiros, desenvolvido com profissionais de saúde aplicando-se o Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). Foram considerados positivos escores maiores ou iguais a 75., Resultados:: participaram do estudo 573 profissionais, incluindo técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem 292 (51%), enfermeiros 105 (18,3%), médicos 59 (10,3%), e outros profissionais 117 (20,4%). A média do SAQ variou entre 65 a 69 nos três hospitais. No entanto, entre os domínios, Satisfação no trabalho apresentou maior escore e o oposto foi observado no domínio Percepção da gerência. Os profissionais terceirizados apresentaram melhor percepção da cultura de segurança do que os profissionais estatutários. Os profissionais de nível superior apresentaram melhor percepção dos fatores estressores do que os profissionais de nível médio., Conclusão:: o nível de cultura de segurança encontrado é abaixo do ideal. As ações gerenciais são consideradas o principal contribuinte para a fragilidade da cultura, entretanto os profissionais demonstraram-se satisfeitos com o trabalho.

Background: The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process where cells lose their epithelial features and acquire properties of typical mesenchymal cells. The dissociation of tumor cells due to changes in cell-cell adhesion is one of the key principles of tumor invasion and EMT. Thus, the knowledge of the molecular features of EMT in keratocyst odontogenic tumor (KOT) can provide useful markers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis and perhaps contribute to an alternative therapeutic approach as it shows an aggressive clinical behavior and high recurrence rates. This study aimed to evaluate the EMT in KOT by the immunoexpression of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, and Slug and comparing to radicular cysts and dental follicles., Methods: Thirty-two KOTs, 15 radicular cysts, and 08 dental follicles were used for immunohistochemistry, evaluating the extent, intensity, labeling pattern, cellular compartment in the epithelium and stroma, and the presence of inflammation., Results: E-cadherin was preserved in most cases of keratocystic odontogenic tumor. N-cadherin was increased in the tumor epithelium, a result that was positively correlated with the heterogeneous and nuclear immunoexpression of Slug in the epithelium; Slug also correlated with high Snail immunoexpression. N-cadherin was positively correlated with Slug in the stroma of keratocystic odontogenic tumors., Conclusions: The high immunoexpression of Snail and nuclear Slug in keratocystic odontogenic tumors suggests these proteins as transcription factors without necessarily participating in 'cadherin switching'. However, the knowledge of their induction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in odontogenic tumors is still limited., (© 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intravenous regional limb perfusion (IRLP) administration of amphotericin B in horses to treat pythiosis after surgical excision and thermocautery., Study Design: Case series., Animals: Horses (n = 12) with Pythium insidiosum infection of the distal aspect of the thoracic or pelvic limbs., Methods: After surgical excision of granulation tissue and thermocautery, 50 mg amphotericin B was administered by IRLP through a catheter placed in a superficial vein of the affected limb next to the lesion after placing a tourniquet above the injection site. The lesions and locomotor system were evaluated before treatment and at 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 60 days., Results: Ninety-two percent of horses treated with amphotericin B had complete lesion resolution 35 or 60 days after 1 or 2 IRLP treatments, respectively. IRLP induced limb edema and pain during regional palpation in 42%, and inflammation of the injection site in 33% of horses; however these signs resolved after 14 days., Conclusions: IRLP administration of amphotericin B was effective for treating pythiosis in equine limbs, resolving infection with manageable side effects., (© Copyright 2012 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.)