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1. Laboratory realization of relativistic pair-plasma beams

Author

Arrowsmith, C. D., Simon, P., Bilbao, P., Bott, A. F. A., Burger, S., Chen, H., Cruz, F. D., Davenne, T., Efthymiopoulos, I., Froula, D. H., Goillot, A. M., Gudmundsson, J. T., Haberberger, D., Halliday, J., Hodge, T., Huffman, B. T., Iaquinta, S., Miniati, F., Reville, B., Sarkar, S., Schekochihin, A. A., Silva, L. O., Simpson, R., Stergiou, V., Trines, R. M. G. M., Vieu, T., Charitonidis, N., Bingham, R., and Gregori, G.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Relativistic electron-positron plasmas are ubiquitous in extreme astrophysical environments such as black holes and neutron star magnetospheres, where accretion-powered jets and pulsar winds are expected to be enriched with such pair plasmas. Their behaviour is quite different from typical electron-ion plasmas due to the matter-antimatter symmetry of the charged components and their role in the dynamics of such compact objects is believed to be fundamental. So far, our experimental inability to produce large yields of positrons in quasi-neutral beams has restricted the understanding of electron-positron pair plasmas to simple numerical and analytical studies which are rather limited. We present first experimental results confirming the generation of high-density, quasi-neutral, relativistic electron-positron pair beams using the 440 GeV/c beam at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) accelerator. The produced pair beams have a volume that fills multiple Debye spheres and are thus able to sustain collective plasma oscillations. Our work opens up the possibility of directly probing the microphysics of pair plasmas beyond quasi-linear evolution into regimes that are challenging to simulate or measure via astronomical observations., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures

Published
2023
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2. Laboratory realization of relativistic pair-plasma beams

Author

Arrowsmith, C. D., Simon, P., Bilbao, P. J., Bott, A. F. A., Burger, S., Chen, H., Cruz, F. D., Davenne, T., Efthymiopoulos, I., Froula, D. H., Goillot, A., Gudmundsson, J. T., Haberberger, D., Halliday, J. W. D., Hodge, T., Huffman, B. T., Iaquinta, S., Miniati, F., Reville, B., Sarkar, S., Schekochihin, A. A., Silva, L. O., Simpson, R., Stergiou, V., Trines, R. M. G. M., Vieu, T., Charitonidis, N., Bingham, R., and Gregori, G.

Published
2024
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3. Generating ultra-dense pair beams using 400 GeV/c protons

Author

Arrowsmith, C. D., Shukla, N., Charitonidis, N., Boni, R., Chen, H., Davenne, T., Froula, D. H., Huffman, B. T., Kadi, Y., Reville, B., Richardson, S., Sarkar, S., Shaw, J. L., Silva, L. O., Trines, R. M. G. M., Bingham, R., and Gregori, G.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A previously unexplored experimental scheme is presented for generating low-divergence, ultra-dense, relativistic, electron-positron beams using 400 GeV/c protons available at facilities such as HiRadMat and AWAKE at CERN. Preliminary Monte-Carlo and Particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate the possibility of generating beams containing $10^{13}-10^{14}$ electron-positron pairs at sufficiently high densities to drive collisionless beam-plasma instabilities, which are expected to play an important role in magnetic field generation and the related radiation signatures of relativistic astrophysical phenomena. The pair beams are quasi-neutral, with size exceeding several skin-depths in all dimensions, allowing for the first time the examination of the effect of competition between transverse and longitudinal instability modes on the growth of magnetic fields. Furthermore, the presented scheme allows for the possibility of controlling the relative density of hadrons to electron-positron pairs in the beam, making it possible to explore the parameter spaces for different astrophysical environments.

Published
2020
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5. MLLT1 in complex with compound 10a

Author

Raux, B., primary, Diaz-Saez, L., additional, Huber, K.V.M., additional, Fedorov, O., additional, Owen, D.R., additional, Londregan, A.T., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A., additional, and Arrowsmith, C., additional

Published
2023
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6. MLLT3 in complex with compound PFI-6

Author

Raux, B., primary, Diaz-Saez, L., additional, Huber, K.V.M., additional, Fedorov, O., additional, Owen, D.R., additional, Londregan, A.T., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A., additional, and Arrowsmith, C., additional

Published
2023
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10. Inductively-coupled plasma discharge for use in high-energy-density science experiments

Author

Arrowsmith, C. D., Dyson, A., Gudmundsson, Jon Tomas, Bingham, R., Gregori, G., Arrowsmith, C. D., Dyson, A., Gudmundsson, Jon Tomas, Bingham, R., and Gregori, G.

Abstract

Inductively-coupled plasma discharges are well-suited as plasma sources for experiments in fundamental high-energy density science, which require large volume and stable plasmas. For example, experiments studying particle beam-plasma instabilities and the emergence of coherent macroscopic structures - which are key for modelling emission from collisionless shocks present in many astrophysical phenomena. A meter-length, table-top, inductive radio-frequency discharge has been constructed for use in a high-energy density science experiment at CERN which will study plasma instabilities of a relativistic electron-positron beam. In this case, a large volume is necessary for the beam to remain inside the plasma as it diverges to centimeter-scale diameters during the tens-of-centimeters of propagation needed for instabilities to develop. Langmuir probe measurements of the plasma parameters show that plasma can be stably sustained in the discharge with electron densities exceeding 1011 cm-3. The discharge has been assembled using commercially-available components, making it an accessible option for commissioning at a University laboratory., QC 20230705

Published
2023
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11. Inductively-coupled plasma discharge for use in high-energy-density science experiments

Author

Arrowsmith, C, Dyson, A, Gudmundsson, J, Bingham, R, and Gregori, G

Subjects
Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Inductively-coupled plasma discharges are well-suited as plasma sources for experiments in fundamental high-energy density science, which require large volume and stable plasmas. For example, experiments studying particle beam-plasma instabilities and the emergence of coherent macroscopic structures — which are key for modelling emission from collisionless shocks present in many astrophysical phenomena. A meter-length, table-top, inductive radio-frequency discharge has been constructed for use in a high-energy density science experiment at CERN which will study plasma instabilities of a relativistic electron-positron beam. In this case, a large volume is necessary for the beam to remain inside the plasma as it diverges to centimeter-scale diameters during the tens-of-centimeters of propagation needed for instabilities to develop. Langmuir probe measurements of the plasma parameters show that plasma can be stably sustained in the discharge with electron densities exceeding 1011 cm-3. The discharge has been assembled using commercially-available components, making it an accessible option for commissioning at a University laboratory.

Published
2023

12. ?18O and ?13C of Cyprideis torosa from coastal lakes: Modern systematics and down-core interpretation

Author

Roberts, L. R., Holmes, J. A., Sloane, H. J., Arrowsmith, C., Leng, M. J., and Horne, D. J.

Subjects
Paleontology, Oceanography
Abstract

© 2020 Stable isotope analyses of ostracod shells are a commonly-used proxy for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Although the fundamental controls on isotope composition of ostracod shells are well understood and, in some instances, quantifiable, the paleoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of records from lake sediments depends strongly on the characteristics of individual lakes including the climatic setting, depth, volume, hydrology, aquatic vegetation and catchment properties. This is particularly important for coastal lakes where physio-chemical variations may occur on diurnal timescales. Here, we combine variations in δ18Owater, δ18Oostracod and δ13Costracod, hourly water temperature, and Mg/Caostracod inferred water temperatures (constraining calcification temperature) to improve palaeoenvironmental interpretation and provide insights into lake carbon cycle. The dataset improves understanding of complex coastal lake site systematics and downcore interpretation of stable isotopes from C. torosa, a geographically widespread brackish water ostracod. The δ18Oostracod values show a complex relationship with temperature and suggest, in most circumstances, that δ18Owater is the dominant control on δ18Oostracod. During times of fresher water, δ13Costracod increases, suggesting increasing aquatic productivity. Above a certain δ18Owater threshold however, aquatic productivity begins to decline. The interpretation of δ13Costracod in some coastal lakes, may therefore be dependent on understanding of the range of expected δ18Owater. Due to short-term (diurnal to seasonal) variations that cause large ranges in δ18Owater and δ18Oostracod, stable isotope analyses of C. torosa should be: (1) undertaken on multiple single shells (2) where carapaces are preserved, paired with trace-element/Ca analyses on the same individual; and (3) undertaken alongside a study of the modern lake system.

Published
2022

16. UK Geoenergy Observatories, Glasgow Environmental Baseline Surface Water Chemistry Dataset 1

Author

Palumbo-Roe, B., Monaghan, A.A., Spence, M.J., Fordyce, F.M., Shorter, K.M., Walker-Verkuil, K., Barlow, T., Sloane, H.J., Arrowsmith, C., Hamilton, E.M., Everett, P.A., Bearcock, J.M., Palumbo-Roe, B., Monaghan, A.A., Spence, M.J., Fordyce, F.M., Shorter, K.M., Walker-Verkuil, K., Barlow, T., Sloane, H.J., Arrowsmith, C., Hamilton, E.M., Everett, P.A., and Bearcock, J.M.

Abstract

This report accompanies the United Kingdom Geoenergy Observatories Glasgow Surface Water Chemistry Dataset_1. The dataset comprises chemical analysis of 98 (84 samples and 14 duplicates) surface water samples that were collected monthly between February 2019 and March 2020 from water bodies proximal to the Glasgow Observatory. This baseline dataset provides valuable information on surface water chemistry prior to the operation of the Observatory, against which any future change can be assessed. This information is necessary to help understand the Observatory hydrological-hydrogeological regime; and to help de-risk similar shallow geothermal schemes in the future, provide public reassurance, and inform sustainable energy policy.

Published
2021

17. Generating ultradense pair beams using 400 GeV/c protons

Author

Arrowsmith, C. D., Shukla, N., Charitonidis, N., Boni, R., Chen, H., Davenne, T., Dyson, A., Froula, D. H., Gudmundsson, Jon Tomas, Huffman, B. T., Kadi, Y., Reville, B., Richardson, S., Sarkar, S., Shaw, J. L., Silva, L. O., Simon, P., Trines, R. M. G. M., Bingham, R., Gregori, G., Arrowsmith, C. D., Shukla, N., Charitonidis, N., Boni, R., Chen, H., Davenne, T., Dyson, A., Froula, D. H., Gudmundsson, Jon Tomas, Huffman, B. T., Kadi, Y., Reville, B., Richardson, S., Sarkar, S., Shaw, J. L., Silva, L. O., Simon, P., Trines, R. M. G. M., Bingham, R., and Gregori, G.

Abstract

An experimental scheme is presented for generating low-divergence, ultradense, relativistic, electron-positron beams using 400 GeV/c protons available at facilities such as HiRadMat and AWAKE at CERN. Preliminary Monte Carlo and particle-in-cell simulations demonstrate the possibility of generating beams containing 10(13)-10(14) electron-positron pairs at sufficiently high densities to drive collisionless beam-plasma instabilities, which are expected to play an important role in magnetic field generation and the related radiation signatures of relativistic astrophysical phenomena. The pair beams are quasineutral, with size exceeding several skin depths in all dimensions, allowing the examination of the effect of competition between transverse and longitudinal instability modes on the growth of magnetic fields. Furthermore, the presented scheme allows for the possibility of controlling the relative density of hadrons to electron-positron pairs in the beam, making it possible to explore the parameter spaces for different astrophysical environments., QC 20210719

Published
2021
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18. Generating ultradense pair beams using 400 GeV/c protons

Author

Arrowsmith, C. D., primary, Shukla, N., additional, Charitonidis, N., additional, Boni, R., additional, Chen, H., additional, Davenne, T., additional, Dyson, A., additional, Froula, D. H., additional, Gudmundsson, J. T., additional, Huffman, B. T., additional, Kadi, Y., additional, Reville, B., additional, Richardson, S., additional, Sarkar, S., additional, Shaw, J. L., additional, Silva, L. O., additional, Simon, P., additional, Trines, R. M. G. M., additional, Bingham, R., additional, and Gregori, G., additional

Published
2021
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20. A semi-automated intestinal organoid screening method demonstrates epigenetic control of epithelial maturation

Author

Ostrop, J., Zwiggelaar, R., Pedersen, M.T., Gerbe, F., Bösl, K., Lindholm, H.T., Díez-Sánchez, Al., Parmar, N., Radetzki, S., von Kries, J.P., Jay, P., Jensen, K.B., Arrowsmith, C., and Oudhoff, M.J.

Subjects
Technology Platforms
Abstract

The intestinal epithelium maintains an important barrier throughout life. It consists of several epithelial cell lineages that are derived from LGR5+ intestinal stem cells. Although epigenetic regulation of embryonic stem cell differentiation is well established, its role in adult stem cell systems such as the intestinal epithelium is still undefined. Yet, targeting of epigenetic regulatory enzymes may be relevant for new therapeutics, for example in cancer treatment. Here, we combine a newly established organoid toolbox with an epigenetic probe library to identify epigenetic regulators of intestinal epithelial biology. We discover several probes that alter intestinal epithelial biology including those targeting HDACs, EP300/CREBBP, LSD1, and type I PRMTs. We conclude that epigenetic modifiers are primarily involved in mediating maturation of the epithelium rather than dictating specific cell lineage differentiation. Furthermore, we show that inhibiting type I PRMTs, which leads to epithelial maturation, blocks the growth of adenoma but not normal organoid cultures. Thus, epigenetic probes are a powerful tool in defining biological processes and demonstrate therapeutic potential.

Published
2020

21. δ18O and δ13C of Cyprideis torosa from coastal lakes: modern systematics and down-core interpretation

Author

Roberts, L.R., Holmes, J.A., Sloane, H.J., Arrowsmith, C., Leng, M.J., Horne, D.J., Roberts, L.R., Holmes, J.A., Sloane, H.J., Arrowsmith, C., Leng, M.J., and Horne, D.J.

Abstract

Stable isotope analyses of ostracod shells are a commonly-used proxy for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction. Although the fundamental controls on isotope composition of ostracod shells are well understood and, in some instances, quantifiable, the paleoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental interpretation of records from lake sediments depends strongly on the characteristics of individual lakes including the climatic setting, depth, volume, hydrology, aquatic vegetation and catchment properties. This is particularly important for coastal lakes where physio-chemical variations may occur on diurnal timescales. Here, we combine variations in δ18Owater, δ18Oostracod and δ13Costracod, hourly water temperature, and Mg/Caostracod inferred water temperatures (constraining calcification temperature) to improve palaeoenvironmental interpretation and provide insights into lake carbon cycle. The dataset improves understanding of complex coastal lake site systematics and downcore interpretation of stable isotopes from C. torosa, a geographically widespread brackish water ostracod. The δ18Oostracod values show a complex relationship with temperature and suggest, in most circumstances, that δ18Owater is the dominant control on δ18Oostracod. During times of fresher water, δ13Costracod increases, suggesting increasing aquatic productivity. Above a certain δ18Owater threshold however, aquatic productivity begins to decline. The interpretation of δ13Costracod in some coastal lakes, may therefore be dependent on understanding of the range of expected δ18Owater. Due to short-term (diurnal to seasonal) variations that cause large ranges in δ18Owater and δ18Oostracod, stable isotope analyses of C. torosa should be: (1) undertaken on multiple single shells (2) where carapaces are preserved, paired with trace-element/Ca analyses on the same individual; and (3) undertaken alongside a study of the modern lake system.

Published
2020

23. Investigating the record of Permian climate change from argillaceous sedimentary rocks, Oman

Author

Stephenson, M.H., Leng, M.J., Vane, C.H., Osterloff, P.L., and Arrowsmith, C.

Subjects
Palynology -- Research, Geology -- Research, Climatic changes -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

A standard method for the analysis of carbon isotope composition of bulk organic matter ([[sigma].sup.13][C.sub.bulk]) in palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic studies of sedimentary basins associated with hydrocarbons is suggested. This method includes the removal of interstitial hydrocarbon within the sediments, which is shown to have a negative effect on [[sigma].sup.13]C. Using the method, a [[sigma].sup.13][C.sub.bulk] trend (c. -21 to 24 [per thousand]) was found within the Lower Permian Al Khlata and lower Gharif formations of Thuleilat-16 and -42 well sections, south Oman. Palaeontological and sedilnentological evidence indicates considerable palacocnvironmental change, from a cold climate lowland fern flora and upland primitive conifer flora low in the sequence, to a lowland cycad-like and upland glossopterid or other gymnospermous flora higher in the sequence. The lithologies range from glacial duamictite at the base to calcrete horizons and redbeds at the top. It is therefore likely that the [[sigma].sup.13][C.sub.bulk] trend is related to palaeoenvironmental change. Keywords: Permian, [sup.13]C, climate change, palynology.

Published
2005

27. Structure of human KCTD1

Author

Pinkas, D.M., primary, Bufton, J.C., additional, Fox, A.E., additional, Pike, A.C.W., additional, Newman, J.A., additional, Krojer, T., additional, Shrestha, L., additional, Burgess-Brown, N.A., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, Edwards, A., additional, Bountra, C., additional, and Bullock, A.N., additional

Published
2020
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28. Human CSNK2A1 bound to ERB-041

Author

Abdul Azeez, K.R., primary, Sorrell, F.J., additional, Krojer, T., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2020
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31. Local δ18O and δ²H variability in UK rainfall

Author

Jones, M. D., Leng, M. J., Arrowsmith, C., Deuchars, C., Hodgson, J., and Dawson, T.

Abstract

Rainfall collected twice weekly from 3 nearby UK stations between November 2004 and October 2006 allows local differences in δ18O and δ2H to be observed. Local gradients in δ18Op appear to be of the same order of magnitude as national trends, suggesting the spatial δ18Op picture is more complicated than the one currently available from sparse GNIP coverage. Comparing data from this study with previous work we find that average δ18Op has changed in the UK over the last 20 years concurrent with an average temperature increase although inter-annual controls on the values remain seasonal temperature and the amount of precipitation in each rain event. Climate-isotope relationships observed from the weekly data do not explain the observed decadal scale shifts.

Published
2018

32. Human DYRK2 bound to Curcumin

Author

Elkins, J.M., primary, Soundararajan, M., additional, Vollmar, M., additional, Krojer, T., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Knapp, S., additional

Published
2019
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33. Human DYRK2 bound to Scorzodihydrostilbene A

Author

Elkins, J.M., primary, Soundararajan, M., additional, Proksch, P., additional, Meijer, L., additional, Vollmar, M., additional, Krojer, T., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Knapp, S., additional

Published
2019
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35. Human AURKA bound to BRD-7880

Author

Abdul Azeez, K.R., primary, Sorrell, F.J., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2019
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36. Human AURKC INCENP complex bound to BRD-7880

Author

Abdul Azeez, K.R., primary, Sorrell, F.J., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2019
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37. Human AURKC INCENP complex bound to VX-680

Author

Abdul Azeez, K.R., primary, Sorrell, F.J., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2019
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46. Human STK10 bound to Foretinib

Author

Sorrell, F.J., primary, Berger, B.-T., additional, Oerum, S., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Knapp, S., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2018
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47. Human STK10 bound to a maleimide inhibitor

Author

Sorrell, F.J., primary, Salah, E., additional, Serafim, R.A.M., additional, Savitsky, P.A., additional, Krojer, T., additional, Bailey, H.J., additional, Pinkas, D., additional, Burgess-Brown, N.A., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Knapp, S., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2018
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48. Human RIOK2 bound to inhibitor

Author

Wang, J., primary, Krojer, T., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2018
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49. Human STK10 bound to BIRB-796

Author

Berger, B.T., primary, Sorrell, F.J., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2018
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50. Human CSNK1G3 bound to SB-223133

Author

Szklarz, M., primary, Vollmar, M., additional, von Delft, F., additional, Bountra, C., additional, Knapp, S., additional, Edwards, A.M., additional, Arrowsmith, C., additional, and Elkins, J.M., additional

Published
2018
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