Search

Your search keyword '"Arrowsmith, Sarah"' showing total 48 results
Start Over Author "Arrowsmith, Sarah"
48 results on '"Arrowsmith, Sarah"'

5. Assessment of thermal index compliance in clinical ultrasound examinations.

Author

Butler, Sam, Ashcroft, Kerry, Arrowsmith, Sarah, Griffiths, Rachel, and Studd, Adam

Subjects
BONES, TISSUES, PATIENT safety, ACADEMIC medical centers, COMPUTER-assisted image analysis (Medicine), MATERNAL health services, DOPPLER ultrasonography, BODY temperature, PICTURE archiving & communication systems
Abstract

Introduction: The thermal index (TI) is critical for monitoring potential heating risks in ultrasound examinations. This study aims to analyse adherence to TI guidelines in clinical ultrasound exams, focusing on the thermal index for soft tissue (TIS) and thermal index for bone at the focus (TIB). Methods: Clinical ultrasound images over a five working day period from a single NHS University Hospital Trust were analysed using a custom MATLAB script. TI values were extracted from DICOM headers, supplemented by optical character recognition for missing values. Time at each TI value (image interval) was measured assuming a constant TI between consecutive images. TI values and corresponding image intervals were compared to TI guidelines provided by the British Medical Ultrasound Society (BMUS). Results: Analysis included 627 obstetric and 1023 non-obstetric examinations, comprising 4643 obstetric and 19,228 non-obstetric image intervals. TIS values across all examinations and image intervals adhered to recommended BMUS limits; however, breaches of the guidelines were observed for TIB. In obstetrics, 44 image intervals across 47 examinations exceeded the TIB limits (1.01% of TIB image intervals and 7.02% of examinations). For non-obstetrics, two image intervals across two examinations exceeded the TIB limits (0.02% of intervals and 0.44% of examinations). Conclusion: The majority of ultrasound examinations considered for this analysis demonstrated compliance with BMUS guidelines for TI, except for a small fraction which showed breaches in the obstetric thermal index for bone at the focus limits. All breaches were associated with the use of pulsed-wave Doppler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

10. Nanomedicine strategies to improve therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of preterm birth and future directions

Author

Taylor, Jessica, Sharp, Andrew, Rannard, Steve P, Arrowsmith, Sarah, McDonald, Tom O, Taylor, Jessica, Sharp, Andrew, Rannard, Steve P, Arrowsmith, Sarah, and McDonald, Tom O

Abstract

The World Health Organisation (WHO) estimates 15 million babies worldwide are born preterm each year, with 1 million infant mortalities and long-term morbidity in survivors. Whilst the past 40 years have provided some understanding in the causes of preterm birth, along with development of a range of therapeutic options, notably prophylactic use of progesterone or uterine contraction suppressants (tocolytics), the number of preterm births continues to rise. Existing therapeutics used to control uterine contractions are restricted in their clinical use due to pharmacological drawbacks such as poor potency, transfer of drugs to the fetus across the placenta and maternal side effects from activity in other maternal systems. This review focuses on addressing the urgent need for the development of alternative therapeutic systems with improved efficacy and safety for the treatment of preterm birth. We discuss the application of nanomedicine as a viable opportunity to engineer pre-existing tocolytic agents and progestogens into nanoformulations, to improve their efficacy and address current drawbacks to their use. We review different nanomedicines including liposomes, lipid-based carriers, polymers and nanosuspensions highlighting where possible, where these technologies have already been exploited e.g. liposomes, and their significance in improving the properties of pre-existing therapeutic agents within the field of obstetrics. We also highlight where active pharmaceutical agents (APIs) with tocolytic properties have been used for other clinical indications and how these could inform the design of future therapeutics or be repurposed to diversify their application such as for use in preterm birth. Finally we outline and discuss the future challenges.

Published
2023

11. Pharmacological Interventions in Labor and Delivery

Author

Wray, Susan, Arrowsmith, Sarah, Sharp, Andrew, Wray, Susan, Arrowsmith, Sarah, and Sharp, Andrew

Abstract

While there is not a wide range of pregnancy-specific drugs, there are some very specific high-risk areas of obstetric care for which unique pharmacological approaches have been established. In preterm birth, labor induction and augmentation, and the management of postpartum hemorrhage, these pharmacological approaches have become the bedrock in managing some of the most common and problematic areas of antenatal and intrapartum care. In this review, we summarize the existing established and emerging evidence that supports and broadens these pharmacological approaches to obstetric management and its impact on clinical practice. It is clear that existing therapeutics are limited. They have largely been developed from our knowledge of the physiology of the myometrium and act on hormonal receptors and their signaling pathways or on ion channels influencing excitability. Newer drugs in development are mostly refinements of these two approaches, but novel agents from plants and improved formulations are also discussed.

Published
2023

29. List of Contributors

Author

Allen, Paul D., primary, Amadi, Ovid C., additional, Anderson, Mark, additional, Andersson, Daniel C., additional, Archer, Stephen L., additional, Arnett, Andrea L.H., additional, Arnoldi, Richard, additional, Arrowsmith, Sarah, additional, Barton, Elisabeth R., additional, Bassel-Duby, Rhonda, additional, Belmonte, Stephen L., additional, Yaou, Rabah Ben, additional, Benjamin, Ivor J., additional, Berk, Bradford C., additional, Bers, Donald M., additional, Bertrand, Anne T., additional, Betzenhauser, Matthew J., additional, Birnbaum, Morris J., additional, Black, Brian L., additional, Blaxall, Burns C., additional, Bolli, Roberto, additional, Bonanno, Elena, additional, Bonne, Gisèle, additional, Bönnemann, Carsten G., additional, Bowens, Nina, additional, Brønnum, Hasse, additional, Bruneau, Benoit G., additional, Buckingham, Margaret, additional, Burdyga, Theodor, additional, Butler-Browne, Gillian, additional, Buttrick, Peter, additional, Cahill, P.A., additional, Calvert, John W., additional, Campbell, Kevin P., additional, Cannon, Stephen C., additional, Cattaneo, Paola, additional, Chakravarti, Aravinda, additional, Chamberlain, Jeffrey S., additional, Chaponnier, Christine, additional, Chin, Stephanie E., additional, David Cohen, Ethan, additional, Cohn, Ronald D., additional, Condorelli, Gianluigi, additional, Cummins, James H., additional, Davies, Kelvin P., additional, Deasy, Bridget, additional, DeMazumder, Deeptankar, additional, Demer, Linda, additional, de Wit, Cor, additional, Dietz, Harry C., additional, Di Lisa, Fabio, additional, DiMauro, Salvatore, additional, Dobner, Stephan, additional, Dorn, Gerald W., additional, Doroudgar, Shirin, additional, Edgerton, V. Reggie, additional, Emerson, Charles P., additional, Engel, Andrew G., additional, Esser, Karyn A., additional, Fang, Yong-Hu, additional, Feng, QiPing, additional, Fishman, Glenn I., additional, Force, Thomas, additional, Frangogiannis, Nikolaos G., additional, Franzini-Armstrong, Clara, additional, Frey, Norbert, additional, Frid, Maria G., additional, Gabbiani, Giulio, additional, Gelb, Bruce D., additional, George, Eric M., additional, Gerdes, A. Martin, additional, Gharaibeh, Burhan, additional, Gillespie, Hamilton S., additional, Glembotski, Christopher C., additional, Gori, Tommaso, additional, Granger, Joey P., additional, Griendling, Kathy K., additional, Gunst, Susan J., additional, Guttridge, Denis C., additional, Hajjar, Roger J., additional, Haller, Ronald G., additional, Hernández-Ochoa, Erick O., additional, Herring, Neil, additional, Hilenski, Lula L., additional, Hill, Joseph A., additional, Hill, Michael A., additional, Himeda, Charis L., additional, Hinz, Boris, additional, Houser, Steven R., additional, Huard, Johnny, additional, Jackson, William F., additional, Lynn Jefferies, John, additional, Kalluri, Raghu, additional, Kamal, Fadia A., additional, Kapoor, Ashish, additional, Kass, David A., additional, Katz, Arnold M., additional, Kelly, Daniel P., additional, Khakoo, Aarif Y., additional, Kharade, Sujay V., additional, Kim, Eugene, additional, Kim, Jung A., additional, Kitsis, Richard N., additional, Kobayashi, Yvonne M., additional, Komuro, Issei, additional, Kramerova, Irina, additional, Kwartler, Callie S., additional, Lakatta, Edward G., additional, Lally, Triona, additional, Larsson, Lars, additional, Latronico, Michael V.G., additional, Lavandero, Sergio, additional, Lavasani, Mitra, additional, Lee, Richard T., additional, Lee, Se-Jin, additional, il Lee, Young, additional, Lefer, David J., additional, Leinwand, Leslie A., additional, Levine, Benjamin, additional, Li, Yong, additional, Liggett, Stephen B., additional, Lin, Zhiqiang, additional, Liu, Ning, additional, Lopez, Jose R., additional, Losordo, Douglas W., additional, MacRae, Calum A., additional, Maejima, Yasuhiro, additional, Majesky, Mark W., additional, Marks, Andrew R., additional, Martin, Melissa L., additional, Mauriello, Alessandro, additional, Mayeuf, Alicia, additional, McCarthy, John J., additional, McNally, Elizabeth, additional, Meininger, Gerald A., additional, Mercola, Mark, additional, Miano, Joseph M., additional, Carrie Miceli, M., additional, Milewicz, Dianna M., additional, Morgan, Kathleen G., additional, Morrisey, Edward E., additional, Mouly, Vincent, additional, Münzel, Thomas, additional, Murphy, Anne, additional, Muslin, Anthony J., additional, Kannan Mutharasan, R., additional, Nagaraju, Kanneboyina, additional, Naito, Atsuhiko T., additional, Napolitano, Carlo, additional, Nathan, Sandeep, additional, Nozik-Grayck, Eva, additional, Ochala, Julien, additional, Offermanns, Stefan, additional, Olson, Eric N., additional, Orlandi, Augusto, additional, Papait, Roberto, additional, Parmacek, Michael S., additional, Patel, Amit R., additional, Paterson, David J., additional, Pathan, Asif R., additional, Patterson, Cam, additional, Paul, Richard J., additional, Piao, Lin, additional, Priori, Silvia G., additional, Pu, William T., additional, Ram, Rashmi, additional, Rame, J. Eduardo, additional, Ramos, Julian N., additional, Redmond, E.M., additional, Reggiani, Carlo, additional, Rich, Stuart, additional, Rinaldi, Chiara, additional, Rothermel, Beverly A., additional, Roy, Roland R., additional, Rusch, Nancy J., additional, Ryan, John J., additional, Sadoshima, Junichi, additional, San Martín, Alejandra, additional, Scarpulla, Richard C., additional, Schiaffino, Stefano, additional, Schiffrin, Ernesto L., additional, Schneider, Jay W., additional, Schneider, Martin F., additional, Schober, Andreas, additional, Scimeca, Manuel, additional, Scorrano, Luca, additional, Shih, Tiffany L., additional, Shiojima, Ichiro, additional, Siegman, Marion J., additional, Smolock, Elaine, additional, Solaro, R. John, additional, Somlyo, Avril V., additional, Sowers, James R., additional, Spagnoli, Luigi Giusto, additional, Spencer, Melissa J., additional, Spragg, David, additional, Stastna, Miroslava, additional, Steenbergen, Charles, additional, Stenmark, Kurt R., additional, Strait, James B., additional, Sweeney, H. Lee, additional, Taegtmeyer, Heinrich, additional, Takimoto, Eiki, additional, Thakali, Keshari M., additional, Thompson, Wesley J., additional, Thornton, Charles, additional, Tidball, James G., additional, Tintut, Yin, additional, Tomaselli, Gordon F., additional, Touyz, Rhian M., additional, Towbin, Jeffrey A., additional, Tsai, Kevin, additional, Vallese, Denis, additional, Van Eyk, Jennifer E., additional, Van Rooij, Eva, additional, Vetterkind, Susanne, additional, Voermans, Nicol C., additional, Volpe, Antonio, additional, Wang, Xuejun, additional, Wang, Yanggan, additional, Wang, Yibin, additional, Ware, Stephanie, additional, Weber, Christian, additional, Whaley-Connell, Adam, additional, Wilke, Russell A., additional, Wirth, Angela, additional, Wray, Susan, additional, Yada, Erica, additional, Yeager, Michael E., additional, Yutzey, Katherine E., additional, Zablocki, Daniela, additional, Zhang, Cuihua, additional, Zhang, Hanrui, additional, Zhang, Pingbo, additional, Zhe, Zhou, additional, and Zhou, Bin, additional

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

36. Subtle modifications to oxytocin produce ligands that retain potency and improved selectivity across species

Author

Muttenthaler, Markus, primary, Andersson, Åsa, additional, Vetter, Irina, additional, Menon, Rohit, additional, Busnelli, Marta, additional, Ragnarsson, Lotten, additional, Bergmayr, Christian, additional, Arrowsmith, Sarah, additional, Deuis, Jennifer R., additional, Chiu, Han Sheng, additional, Palpant, Nathan J., additional, O’Brien, Margaret, additional, Smith, Terry J., additional, Wray, Susan, additional, Neumann, Inga D., additional, Gruber, Christian W., additional, Lewis, Richard J., additional, and Alewood, Paul F., additional

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

42. Ethnobotanical survey of Rinorea dentata (Violaceae) used in South-Western Nigerian ethnomedicine and detection of cyclotides

Author

Attah, Alfred F., Hellinger, Roland, Sonibare, Mubo A., Moody, Jones O., Arrowsmith, Sarah, Wray, Susan, and Gruber, Christian W.

Subjects
Pharmacology, Rinorea dentata, Uterus muscle contractility, Veterinary medicine, Drug Discovery, Ethnopharmacology, Cyclotides, Violaceae
Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevancePeople living in the tropical rain forest of South-Western Nigeria use Rinorea dentata (P. Beauv.) Kuntze (Violaceae) in ethno-veterinary medicine to facilitate parturition. There are no evidence-based pharmacological investigations for the uterotonic activity of this plant.Aims of study(i) Collection of data about the ethnopharmacological uses of R. dentata and evaluation of its uses and applications in health care; (ii) determining potential uterotonic effects in vitro, and (iii) chemical characterization of R. dentata, which is a member of the Violaceae family known to express circular cystine-knot peptides, called cyclotides.Materials and methodsThe ethnopharmacological use of R. dentata in settlement camps within the area J4 of Omo forest has been investigated by semi-structured questionnaires and open interviews. Use index analysis has been performed by seven quantitative statistical models. Respondents’ claim on the beneficial ethno-veterinary application of the plant to aid parturition has been investigated in vitro by myometrial contractility organ bath assays. The bioactive plant extract was screened by chemical derivatization and mass spectrometry-based peptidomics using reversed-phase HPLC fractionation and MALDI-TOF/TOF analysis.ResultsBased on the survey analysis, medicinal preparations of R. dentata have been used for anti-microbial and anti-malaria purpose in humans, and for aiding parturition in farm animals. The latter application was mentioned by one out of six respondents who claimed to use this plant for any medicinal purpose. The plant extract exhibited a weak uterotonic effect using organ bath studies. The plant contains cyclotides and the peptide riden A has been identified by de novo amino acid sequencing using mass spectrometry.ConclusionFew dwellers around the settlement camps of the tropical forest of Omo (Nigeria) use R. dentata for various health problems in traditional veterinary and human medicine. The weak uterotonic effect of the cyclotide-rich extract is in agreement with the low use value index obtained for this plant. Cyclotides have been reported in the genus Rinorea confirming the ubiquitous expression of these stable bioactive plant peptides within the family of Violaceae.

Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Development of a human vasopressin V1a-receptor antagonist from an evolutionary-related insect neuropeptide.

Author

Di Giglio, Maria Giulia, Muttenthaler, Markus, Harpsøe, Kasper, Liutkeviciute, Zita, Keov, Peter, Eder, Thomas, Rattei, Thomas, Arrowsmith, Sarah, Wray, Susan, Marek, Ales, Elbert, Tomas, Alewood, Paul F., Gloriam, David E., and Gruber, Christian W.

Abstract

Characterisation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) relies on the availability of a toolbox of ligands that selectively modulate different functional states of the receptors. To uncover such molecules, we explored a unique strategy for ligand discovery that takes advantage of the evolutionary conservation of the 600-million-year-old oxytocin/vasopressin signalling system. We isolated the insect oxytocin/vasopressin orthologue inotocin from the black garden ant (Lasius niger), identified and cloned its cognate receptor and determined its pharmacological properties on the insect and human oxytocin/vasopressin receptors. Subsequently, we identified a functional dichotomy: inotocin activated the insect inotocin and the human vasopressin V1b receptors, but inhibited the human V1aR. Replacement of Arg8 of inotocin by D-Arg8 led to a potent, stable and competitive V1aR-antagonist ([D-Arg8]-inotocin) with a 3,000-fold binding selectivity for the human V1aR over the other three subtypes, OTR, V1bR and V2R. The Arg8/D-Arg8 ligand-pair was further investigated to gain novel insights into the oxytocin/vasopressin peptide-receptor interaction, which led to the identification of key residues of the receptors that are important for ligand functionality and selectivity. These observations could play an important role for development of oxytocin/vasopressin receptor modulators that would enable clear distinction of the physiological and pathological responses of the individual receptor subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Human Myometrial Contractility Assays.

Author

Arrowsmith S

Subjects
Female, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Oxytocin, Uterine Contraction, Uterus, Myometrium
Abstract

Traditional contractility assays using an organ bath setup consist of several chambers (or baths) perfused with temperature-controlled, oxygenated physiological saline. Strips or rings of tissue (usually smooth or cardiac muscle) are mounted within the organ bath between a fixed hook and an isometric force transducer. The contraction force is recorded by the transducer and different parameters of contraction are analyzed. Different experimental protocols can be performed to investigate the effect of drugs and reagents on tissue contractility to investigate tissue physiology or determine the in vivo potential of novel pharmaceutical compounds. Here, the application of a modified organ bath to measure ex vivo contractions of small strips of human uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) is described, as well as protocols to study the effect of oxytocin and uterine relaxants on contraction., (© 2022. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results