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Depto. de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub

Purpose. To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of the iStent inject device (Glaukos Corporation, Laguna Hills, CA) combined with phacoemulsification in patients with coexistent cataract and open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods. A prospective, uncontrolled, nonrandomized, interventional case series study was conducted in patients with both mild or moderate open-angle glaucoma or OHT and cataract. Patients underwent cataract surgery along with the implant of two iStent inject devices. Outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), topical hypotensive medications required, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Results. 20 patients were enrolled. Mean follow-up was months. Mean baseline IOP was mmHg with medication and mmHg after washout. Mean end-follow-up IOP was mmHg, representing an IOP decrease of 36.92%, mmHg (), from baseline washout IOP. The mean number of medications was significantly reduced from to (). 45% of patients were medication-free by the end of follow-up. Mean BCVA improved significantly from to (). No complications of surgery were observed. Conclusion. The iStent inject device combined with cataract surgery served to significantly reduce both IOP and medication use in the long term in patients with coexistent open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension (OHT) and cataract., Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Purpose: To examine the relationship between ocular surface disease (OSD) and topical antiglaucoma therapy. Methods: A total of 211 eyes of 211 patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension on topical medication were recruited over 10 months. Controls were 51 eyes of 51 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers. In each patient, we recorded the intraocular pressure-lowering eyedrops used, the number of medications used, and daily and cumulative preservative concentrations (PC). Main outcome measures were fluorescein corneal staining score (Oxford scale), lower tear meniscus height (LTMH) (spectral-domain optical coherence tomography), noninvasive tear film breakup time (NI-TBUT) (Oculus Keratograph 5M), and OSD symptom questionnaire index (OSDI). Results: Compared to controls, significantly higher OSDI (median [interquartile range] 10.24 [4.54-18.94] vs 2.5 [0-12.5]; p<0.001) and corneal staining (≥1: 64.93% vs 32.61%; p<0.001) scores were recorded in the medication group. The NI-TBUT and LTMH failed to vary between the groups (p>0.05). A higher daily PC was associated with a lower LTMH (R −0.142; p = 0.043). In the medication group, multivariate analysis identified correlations between benzalkonium chloride (BAK) (odds ratio [OR] 1.56) and BAK plus polyquaternium-containing drops (OR 5.09) or higher OSDI (OR 1.06) and abnormal corneal staining test results and between older age (mean ratio [MR] 1.05), longer treatment duration (MR 1.02), or corneal staining presence (MR 1.22) and a higher OSDI score. Conclusions: Ocular surface disease was more prevalent in the medication group. The main factors impacting OSD were drops with preservatives, longer treatment duration, and older age., Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Objective: This study was designed to assess changes in corneal topography and biomechanics after intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring using the Triggerfish contact lens sensor (CLS). Methods: For this prospective study, 30 eyes of 30 subjects: 14 healthy subjects (G1) and 6 glaucoma patients (G2), were recruited for 24 hours of continuous IOP monitoring using the CLS. The following measurements were taken before CLS fitting and after lens removal: maximum keratometry (Kmax), mean keratometry (MK), and corneal astigmatism (Cyl) measured through Pentacam corneal topography, and the corneal biomechanical variables corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) measured with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Results: Pentacam data revealed significant changes after CLS removal in Kmax (+3.14 ± 2.46 D, p = 0.002), MK (+0.52 ± 0.63 D, p = 0.02), and Cyl (+0.48 ± 0.53 D, p = 0.019) in G1; and Kmax (+1.38 ± 1.43 D, p = 0.002) in G2. The changes observed were more pronounced in G1 than in G2 but differences were not significant. The ORA results indicated higher CH (11.35 ± 2.42 vs 8.17 ± 2.09) and CRF (10.3 ± 2.03 vs 9.1 ± 1.81) before lens fitting in G1 than G2, while no significant changes were produced after CLS removal in either group. Conclusions: The use of CLS for IOP monitoring over 24 hours caused topographic changes in both healthy subjects and glaucoma patients. No changes were produced in corneal biomechanics., Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, inpress

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and clinical presentation of conjunctivitis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Hospital Clinico San Carlos of Madrid, Spain. A total of 301 subjects from the COVID admission unit with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The presence and clinical characteristics of conjunctivitis were evaluated. Laboratory, radiological, and clinical results in patients with and without conjunctivitis stratified by sex were analyzed. Results: Of the 301 subjects included, 180 patients (59.8%) were male and the median age was 72 years (IQ 59–82). Overall, 35 patients (11.6%) were diagnosed with acute conjunctivitis. We found no relationship between the COVID-19 severity score and the presence of conjunctivitis (P = 0.17). However, conjunctivitis was more frequent in males with moderate clinical severity and in women classified as clinically mild. The natural history of the disease seems to be a rapid self-limited conjunctivitis that improves without treatment and does not affect visual acuity nor associate short-term complications. Conclusions: Approximately, 1 out of 10 hospitalized non-critical COVID-19 patients presents conjunctivitis during the disease. Compared with other viral conjunctivitis, we found distinctive clinical findings that could guide defining and differentiating conjunctivitis in COVID-19 patients., Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Purpose To compare measurements taken using a swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLmaster 700) and an optical low-coherence reflectometry biometer (Lenstar 900), and to determine the clinical impacts of differences in their measurements on intraocular lens (IOL) power predictions. Methods Eighty eyes of 80 patients scheduled to undergo cataract surgery were examined with both biometers. The measurements made using each device were axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (MK), white-to-white distance (WTW), and pupil diameter (PD). Holladay 2 and SRK/T formulas were used to calculate IOL power. Differences in measurement between the two biometers were determined using the paired t-test. Agreement was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results Mean patient age was 76.3±6.8 years (range 59-89). Using the Lenstar, AL and PD could not be measured in 12.5 and 5.25% of eyes, respectively, while IOLMaster 700 took all measurements in all eyes. The variables CCT, AQD, LT, and MK varied significantly between the two biometers. According to ICCs, correlation between measurements made with both devices was excellent except for WTW and PD. Using the SRK/T formula, IOL power prediction based on the data from the two devices were statistically different, but differences were not clinically significant. Conclusions No clinically relevant differences were detected between the biometers in terms of their measurements and IOL power predictions. Using the IOLMaster 700, it was easier to obtain biometric measurements in eyes with less transparent ocular media or longer AL., Unidad Docente de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Received 11 July 2016, Accepted 2 September 2016, Available online 25 October 2016, Purpose: to determine whether pupil dilation affects biometric measurements and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation made using the new swept-source optical coherence tomography-based optical biometer (IOLMaster 700©; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Procedures: eighty-one eyes of 81 patients evaluated for cataract surgery were prospectively examined using the IOLMaster 700© before and after pupil dilation with tropicamide 1%. The measurements made were: axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (MK), white-to-white distance (WTW) and pupil diameter (PD). Holladay II and SRK/T formulas were used to calculate IOL power. Agreement between measurement modes (with and without dilation) was assessed through intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Bland-Altman plots. Results: mean patient age was 75.17 ± 7.54 years (range: 57–92). Of the variables determined, CCT, ACD, LT and WTW varied significantly according to pupil dilation. Excellent intraobserver correlation was observed between measurements made before and after pupil dilation. Mean IOL power calculation using the Holladay 2 and SRK/T formulas were unmodified by pupil dilation. Conclusions: the use of pupil dilation produces statistical yet not clinically significant differences in some IOLMaster 700© measurements. However, it does not affect mean IOL power calculation., Propos Déterminer si la dilatation pupillaire modifie les mesures biométriques et le calcul de la puissance de l’implant intraoculaire obtenus avec un nouveau biomètre optique basé sur la tomographie par cohérence optique swept-source (IOLMaster 700© ; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Allemagne) Méthodes Nous avons évalué prospectivement 81 yeux de 81 patients prévus pour la chirurgie de la cataracte au moyen du biomètre IOLMaster 700©, avant et après dilatation pupillaire avec tropicamide 1 %. Les mesures réalisées ont été : longueur axiale (AL), épaisseur cornéenne centrale (CCT), profondeur de la chambre antérieure (épaisseur cornéenne exclue) (ACD), épaisseur cristallinienne (LT), kératométrie moyenne (MK), distance blanc à blanc (WTW) et diamètre pupillaire (PD). Les formules Holladay II et SRK/T ont été employées pour calculer la puissance de l’implant intraoculaire. Nous avons évalué la concordance entre les deux méthodes de mesure (sous dilatation pupillaire et sans) au moyen des coefficients de corrélation intraclasse (ICC) et des graphiques de Bland-Altman. Résultats La moyenne d’âge des patients était de 75,17 ± 7,54 ans (intervalle : 57–92). Parmi les variables mesurées, la CCT, l’ACD, la LT et la WTW montraient des variations significatives en fonction de la dilatation pupillaire. On a observé une excellente corrélation intra-observateur entre les mesures réalisées avant et après la dilatation pupillaire. Celle-ci ne modifiait pas la prédiction de la puissance moyenne de l’implant avec Holladay 2 et SKR/T. Conclusions L’emploi de tropicamide 1 % produit des différences significatives du point de vue statistique mais pas clinique sur certaines mesures réalisées avec IOLMaster 700©. Cependant, la mesure de la puissance moyenne de l’implant intraoculaire n’est pas affectée., Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, inpress

This review has identified evidence about pseudomyopia as the result of an increase in ocular refractive power due to an overstimulation of the eye’s accommodative mechanism. It cannot be confused with the term “secondary myopia”, which includes transient myopic shifts caused by lenticular refractive index changes and myopia associated with systemic syndromes. The aim was to synthesize the literature on qualitative evidence about pseudomyopia in terms that clarify its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, assessment and diagnosis and treatment. A comprehensive literature search of PubMed and the Scopus database was carried out for articles published up to November 2021, without a data limit. This review was reported following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Following inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 54 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis. The terms pseudomyopia and accommodation spasm have been found in most of the studies reviewed. The review has warned that although there is agreement on the assessment and diagnosis of the condition, there is no consensus on its management, and the literature describes a range of treatment., Depto. de Inmunología, Oftalmología y ORL, Depto. de Optometría y Visión, Fac. de Medicina, Fac. de Óptica y Optometría, TRUE, pub

Las alteraciones de la superficie ocular afectan a una gran parte de la población, en particular la enfermedad de ojo seco (EOS) que es una de las primeras causas de consulta oftalmológica. Estas alteraciones han sido objeto de una amplia investigación en la población adulta que no se extiende a la población pediátrica. Las modificaciones de la superficie ocular alteran la composición lagrimal y los tejidos oculares, reducen la calidad de la visión y producen sintomatología que afecta a la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Hay factores ambientales a los que también están expuestos los niños como la contaminación, el porte de lentes de contacto y el uso de pantallas digitales que influyen negativamente en el estado de la superficie ocular. Adicionalmente, se ha descrito una falta de asociación entre la sintomatología y la afectación de la superficie ocular, detectándose en ocasiones signos de alteración ocular sin manifestar síntomas y viceversa. Si a esto se añade, que para los niños y adolescentes puede ser más difícil identificar y manifestar estos síntomas cabe la posibilidad de que exista una parte de la población con alteraciones de la superficie ocular sin detectar. Los escasos estudios en población pediátrica hasta la fecha están realizados en distintas poblaciones (bebés, niños, adolescentes) utilizan distintos protocolos y criterios diagnósticos establecidos para poblaciones adultas...

Las alteraciones de la superficie ocular afectan a una gran parte de la población, en particular la enfermedad de ojo seco (EOS) que es una de las primeras causas de consulta oftalmológica. Estas alteraciones han sido objeto de una amplia investigación en la población adulta que no se extiende a la población pediátrica. Las modificaciones de la superficie ocular alteran la composición lagrimal y los tejidos oculares, reducen la calidad de la visión y producen sintomatología que afecta a la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Hay factores ambientales a los que también están expuestos los niños como la contaminación, el porte de lentes de contacto y el uso de pantallas digitales que influyen negativamente en el estado de la superficie ocular. Adicionalmente, se ha descrito una falta de asociación entre la sintomatología y la afectación de la superficie ocular, detectándose en ocasiones signos de alteración ocular sin manifestar síntomas y viceversa. Si a esto se añade, que para los niños y adolescentes puede ser más difícil identificar y manifestar estos síntomas cabe la posibilidad de que exista una parte de la población con alteraciones de la superficie ocular sin detectar. Los escasos estudios en población pediátrica hasta la fecha están realizados en distintas poblaciones (bebés, niños, adolescentes) utilizan distintos protocolos y criterios diagnósticos establecidos para poblaciones adultas..., Ocular surface disorders affect a large part of the population, in particular dry eye disease (DED), which is one of the leading cause of ophthalmological consultations. These disorders have been the focus of extensive research in the adult population, which does not extend to the pediatric population. Modifications of the ocular surface alter tear composition and ocular tissues, reduce the quality of vision and produce symptoms that affect the quality of life of patients. Environmental factors (to which children are also exposed) such as pollution, the wearing of contact lenses and the use of digital screens have a negative influence on the condition of the ocular surface. Furthermore, a lack of association has been described between symptomatology and ocular surface conditions, with signs of ocular alteration sometimes being detected without manifesting symptoms and vice versa. If we add the fact that it may be more difficult to identify and manifest these symptoms for children and adolescents, it is possible that there is a part of the population with undetected ocular surface disorders. The few studies in the pediatric population to date have been carried out in different populations (infants, children, teenagers) using different protocols and diagnostic criteria established for adult populations...