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A series of canola fractions representing various stages in the protein isolation process were collected to assess the extent of glucosinolate recovery using two ultrafiltration systems. The total glucosinolate level of all fractions was estimated using a diabetic test kit (DTK), One Touch Blood Glucose Meter, to monitor glucose released on hydrolysis of glucosinolates by endogenous myrosinase and results compared to those obtained using gas chromatography (GC). Of the glucosinolates in the meal, approximately 1.9 g/100 g were recovered in the protein isolated from canola meal, regardless of the type of ultrafiltration system. A major reduction in glucosinolates was evident in the ultrafiltration step where, based on GC data, 63% and 39% of the glucosinolates were recovered in the discarded permeate using an Amicon™ stirred cell and Vivaflow™ 200 ultrafiltration, respectively. However, an overestimation of glucose was observed for the DTK results when looking at total glucosinolate recovery, possibly due to the presence of other free glucose in the canola fractions. These findings suggest that low glucosinolate protein isolates can be obtained, in large part due to glucosinolate removal during ultrafiltration of the extracted material. While the DTK method gave good estimates of the glucosinolates in the meal, it cannot be recommended for use with isolation products.

The concentrations of total phenolics, carotenoids, and chlorophylls of fresh and dried sea buckthorn leaves were determined. Overall, drying of leaves resulted in a decrease in the concentrations of these phytochemicals. The degree of reduction depended on the drying time, temperature, or specific component type. For the phenolics, a greater reduction in concentration was observed in the leaves dried at higher temperatures (80 °C or 100 °C) for longer times (to equilibrium moisture contents of 1% to 3%) compared with those dried at lower temperatures (50 °C or 60 °C). For the leaves dried to higher final moisture (5% to 8%), all drying temperatures resulted in a similar final phenolic concentration. The carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves decreased with the increasing temperatures. However, higher temperatures such as 80 °C or 100 °C resulted in similar carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations in the leaves. Nonetheless, dried sea buckthorn leaves were of a high nutraceutical quality comparable to those of frequently consumed vegetables.

Canadian regulations require that chicken carcasses with visible post-evisceration internal contamination be removed from the process line. Such carcasses are condemned after unaffected parts are salvaged by hot-boning. The present study was performed in order to provide data in regards to the microbiological safety of reprocessed broiler carcasses. Contaminated carcasses were reprocessed manually off-line and in a vent-down position by an immediate 5-sec inside/outside (I/O) spray wash followed by vacuuming and 1 15-sec I/O spray wash. Average colony forming units (log10/mL) for inspection-passed and reprocessed carcasses included: standard plate count (SPC), 3.99 and 3.55; coliforms, 3.49 and 3.07; Escherichia coli, 3.34 and 2.96; and Staphylococcus, 2.42 and 1.53; respectively. The detection frequencies for Salmonella and Campylobacter were 4 and 5% and 84 and 74%, respectively.

The objectives of this research project were to determine the distribution of smoke throughout a block of cheese over the processing time and during cheese aging, and to determine the diffusivity of phenolics as a smoke compound during cheese processing in a smoke house.