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3. An annotated list of bivalent chromatin regions in human ES cells: a new tool for cancer epigenetic research

Author

Court, Franck and Arnaud, Philippe

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks
Abstract

CpG islands (CGI) marked by bivalent chromatin in stem cells are believed to be more prone to aberrant DNA methylation in tumor cells. The robustness and genome-wide extent of this instructive program in different cancer types remain to be determined. To address this issue we developed a user-friendly approach to integrate the stem cell chromatin signature in customized DNA methylation analyses. We used publicly available ChIP-sequencing datasets of several human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines to determine the extent of bivalent chromatin genome-wide. We then created annotated lists of high-confidence bivalent, H3K4me3-only and H3K27me3-only chromatin regions. The main features of bivalent regions included localization in CGI/promoters, depletion in retroelements and enrichment in specific histone modifications, including the poorly characterized H3K23me2 mark. Moreover, bivalent promoters could be classified in three clusters based on PRC2 and PolII complexes occupancy. Genes with bivalent promoters of the PRC2-defined cluster displayed the lowest expression upon differentiation. As proof-of-concept, we assessed the DNA methylation pattern of eight types of tumors and confirmed that aberrant cancer-associated DNA hypermethylation preferentially targets CGI characterized by bivalent chromatin in hESCs. We also found that such aberrant DNA hypermethylation affected particularly bivalent CGI/promoters associated with genes that tend to remain repressed upon differentiation. Strikingly, bivalent CGI were the most affected by aberrant DNA hypermethylation in both CpG Island Methylator Phenotype-positive (CIMP+) and CIMP-negative tumors, suggesting that, besides transcriptional silencing in the pre-tumorigenic cells, the bivalent chromatin signature in hESCs is a key determinant of the instructive program for aberrant DNA methylation.

Published
2018

4. Imprinting control regions (ICRs) are marked by mono-allelic bivalent chromatin when transcriptionally inactive

Author

Maupetit-Méhouas, Stéphanie, Montibus, Bertille, Nury, David, Tayama, Chiharu, Wassef, Michel, Kota, Satya, Fogli, Anne, Campos, Fabiana Cerqueira, Hata, Kenichiro, Feil, Robert, Margueron, Raphaël, Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko, Court, Franck, and Arnaud, Philippe

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks
Abstract

Parental allele-specific expression of imprinted genes is mediated by imprinting control regions (ICRs) that are constitutively marked by DNA methylation imprints on the maternal or paternal allele. Mono-allelic DNA methylation is strictly required for the process of imprinting and has to be faithfully maintained during the entire lifespan. While the regulation of DNA methylation itself is well understood, the mechanisms whereby the opposite allele remains unmethylated are unclear. Here, we show that in the mouse, at maternally methylated ICRs, the paternal allele, which is constitutively associated with H3K4me2/3, is marked by default by H3K27me3 when these ICRs are transcriptionally inactive, leading to the formation of a bivalent chromatin signature. Our data suggest that at ICRs, chromatin bivalency has a protective role by ensuring that DNA on the paternal allele remains unmethylated and protected against spurious and unscheduled gene expression. Moreover , they provide the proof of concept that, beside pluripotent cells, chromatin bivalency is the default state of transcriptionally inactive CpG island promoters , regardless of the developmental stage, thereby contributing to protect cell identity.

Published
2018
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5. The long non-coding RNA HOTAIR is transcriptionally activated by HOXA9 and is an independent prognostic marker in patients with malignant glioma

Author

Xavier-Magalhães, Ana, Gonçalves, Céline, Fogli, Anne, Lourenço, Tatiana, Pojo, Marta, Pereira, Bruno, Rocha, Miguel, Lopes, Maria, Crespo, Inês, Rebelo, Olinda, Tão, Herminio, Lima, João, Moreira, Ricardo, Pinto, Afonso, Jones, Chris, Reis, Rui, Costello, Joseph, Arnaud, Philippe, Sousa, Nuno, and Costa, Bruno

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Genomics, Quantitative Biology - Molecular Networks
Abstract

The lncRNA HOTAIR has been implicated in several human cancers. Here, we evaluated the molecular alterations and upstream regulatory mechanisms of HOTAIR in glioma, the most common primary brain tumors, and its clinical relevance. HOTAIR gene expression, methylation, copy-number and prognostic value were investigated in human gliomas integrating data from online datasets and our cohorts. High levels of HOTAIR were associated with higher grades of glioma, particularly IDH wild-type cases. Mechanistically, HOTAIR was overexpressed in a gene dosage-independent manner, while DNA methylation levels of particular CpGs in HOTAIR locus were associated with HOTAIR expression levels in GBM clinical specimens and cell lines. Concordantly, the demethylating agent 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine affected HOTAIR transcriptional levels in a cell line-dependent manner. Importantly, HOTAIR was frequently co-expressed with HOXA9 in high-grade gliomas from TCGA, Oncomine, and our Portuguese and French datasets. Integrated in silico analyses, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and qPCR data showed that HOXA9 binds directly to the promoter of HOTAIR. Clinically, GBM patients with high HOTAIR expression had a significantly reduced overall survival, independently of other prognostic variables. In summary, this work reveals HOXA9 as a novel direct regulator of HOTAIR, and establishes HOTAIR as an independent prognostic marker, providing new therapeutic opportunities to treat this highly aggressive cancer.

Published
2018

9. Biallelic non-productive enhancer-promoter interactions precede imprinted expression of Kcnk9 during mouse neural commitment

Author

Rojas, Cecilia Rengifo, primary, Cercy, Jil, additional, Perillous, Sophie, additional, Gonthier-Guéret, Céline, additional, Montibus, Bertille, additional, Maupetit-Méhouas, Stéphanie, additional, Espinadel, Astrid, additional, Dupré, Marylou, additional, Hong, Charles C., additional, Hata, Kenichiro, additional, Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko, additional, Plagge, Antonius, additional, Bouschet, Tristan, additional, Arnaud, Philippe, additional, Vaillant, Isabelle, additional, and Court, Franck, additional

Published
2024
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12. Clash of norms judicial leniency on defendant birthdays

Author

Arnaud Philippe and Daniel L. Chen

Subjects
History, Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, Polymers and Plastics, Deterrence (legal), Business and International Management, Psychology, Social psychology, Social preferences, Reciprocity (evolution), Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Abstract

We document judicial leniency on defendant birthdays across 5 million decisions. French sentences are 1% fewer and 3% shorter. U.S. federal sentences are 33% shorter in the day component of sentences (the month component remains unaffected). New Orleans sentences are 15% shorter overall. No leniency appears on the days before or after a defendant’s birthday. Federal judges using deterrence language in opinions, are unaffected, isolating the judicial as opposed to defendant channel. The effect is doubled when judge and defendant share the same race. Our courtroom setting rules out many models of social preferences with reciprocity motives, but may be consistent with indirect reciprocity and guilt aversion based on the judge’s beliefs about the defendant’s reference point.

Published
2023

13. Biallelic non-productive enhancer-promoter interaction precedes imprinted expression of Kcnk9 during mouse neural commitment

Author

Rojas, Cecilia Rengifo, primary, Cercy, Jil, additional, Perillous, sophie, additional, Gonthier-Gueret, Celine, additional, Montibus, Bertille, additional, Maupetit-Mehouas, Stephanie, additional, Espinadel, Astrid, additional, Dupre, Marylou, additional, Hong, Charles C, additional, Hata, Kenichiro, additional, Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko, additional, Plagge, Antonius, additional, Bouschet, Trsitan, additional, arnaud, philippe, additional, Vaillant, Isabelle, additional, and Court, Franck, additional

Published
2023
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18. La déformation des juges

Author

Arnaud Philippe

Subjects
Sociology and Political Science, Political Science and International Relations
Abstract

Cet article explore les biais affectant les decisions de justice en matiere penale. Si les magistrats ne semblent pas avoir une perception de la gravite des faits differente de celle de leurs concitoyens, le contexte dans lequel se deroule un proces et les caracteristiques des participants influent sur le verdict. Ainsi, la mediatisation de faits divers tragiques provoque une augmentation de la duree des peines prononcees en cour d’assises, et des differences territoriales peuvent etre observees. Biais de genre ou d’origine et biais cognitifs ont par ailleurs investi l’enceinte du tribunal.

Published
2021

22. Variable allelic expression of imprinted genes at the Peg13, Trappc9, Ago2 cluster in single neural cells

Author

Claxton, Michael, Pulix, Michela, Seah, Michelle K.Y., Bernardo, Ralph, Zhou, Peng, Aljuraysi, Sultan, Liloglou, Triantafillos, Arnaud, Philippe, Kelsey, Gavin, Messerschmidt, Daniel M., Plagge, Antonius, Claxton, Michael, Pulix, Michela, Seah, Michelle K.Y., Bernardo, Ralph, Zhou, Peng, Aljuraysi, Sultan, Liloglou, Triantafillos, Arnaud, Philippe, Kelsey, Gavin, Messerschmidt, Daniel M., and Plagge, Antonius

Abstract

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process through which genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner resulting in mono-allelic or strongly biased expression of one allele. For some genes, imprinted expression may be tissue-specific and reliant on CTCF-influenced enhancer-promoter interactions. The Peg13 imprinting cluster is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and comprises canonical imprinted genes, which are conserved between mouse and human, as well as brain-specific imprinted genes in mouse. The latter consist of Trappc9, Chrac1 and Ago2, which have a maternal allelic expression bias of ∼75% in brain. Findings of such allelic expression biases on the tissue level raise the question of how they are reflected in individual cells and whether there is variability and mosaicism in allelic expression between individual cells of the tissue. Here we show that Trappc9 and Ago2 are not imprinted in hippocampus-derived neural stem cells (neurospheres), while Peg13 retains its strong bias of paternal allele expression. Upon analysis of single neural stem cells and in vitro differentiated neurons, we find not uniform, but variable states of allelic expression, especially for Trappc9 and Ago2. These ranged from mono-allelic paternal to equal bi-allelic to mono-allelic maternal, including biased bi-allelic transcriptional states. Even Peg13 expression deviated from its expected paternal allele bias in a small number of cells. Although the cell populations consisted of a mosaic of cells with different allelic expression states, as a whole they reflected bulk tissue data. Furthermore, in an attempt to identify potential brain-specific regulatory elements across the Trappc9 locus, we demonstrate tissue-specific and general silencer activities, which might contribute to the regulation of its imprinted expression bias.

Published
2022

23. In Vitro Corticogenesis from Embryonic Stem Cells Recapitulates the In Vivo Epigenetic Control of Imprinted Gene Expression

Author

Bouschet, Tristan, Dubois, Emeric, Reynès, Christelle, Kota, Satya K., Rialle, Stéphanie, Maupetit-Méhouas, Stéphanie, Pezet, Mikael, Le Digarcher, Anne, Nidelet, Sabine, Demolombe, Vincent, Cavelier, Patricia, Meusnier, Céline, Maurizy, Chloé, Sabatier, Robert, Feil, Robert, Arnaud, Philippe, Journot, Laurent, and Varrault, Annie

Published
2017
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24. Population pharmacokinetics of micafungin in ICU patients with sepsis and mechanical ventilation

Author

Jullien, Vincent, Azoulay, Elie, Schwebel, Carole, Le Saux, Thomas, Charles, Pierre Emmanuel, Cornet, Muriel, Souweine, Bertrand, Klouche, Kadda, Jaber, Samir, Trouillet, Jean-Louis, Bruneel, Fabrice, Cour, Martin, Cousson, Joel, Meziani, Ferhat, Gruson, Didier, Paris, Adeline, Darmon, Michael, Garrouste-Orgeas, Maité, Navellou, Jean-Christophe, Foucrier, Arnaud, Allaouchiche, Bernard, Das, Vincent, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, Ruckly, Stéphane, Wolff, Michel, Timsit, Jean-François, Timsit, Jean François, Hamidfar-Roy, Rebecca, Ciroldi, Magalie, Paugam-Burtz, Catherine, Foucrier, Arnaud, Navellou, Jean Christophe, Wolff, Michel, Timsit, Jean-Francois, Bouadma, Lila, Mourvillier, Bruno, Sonneville, Romain, Chemam, Sarah, Gruson, Didier, Souweine, Bertrand, Lautrette, Alexandre, Charles, Pierre Emmanuel, Bruyere, Rémi, Hamet, Maël, Allaouchiche, Bernard, Christian, Guillaume, Ber, Charles-Eric, Prothet, Johanne, Rimmele, Thomas, Argaud, Laurent, Simon, Marie, Cour, Martin, Hernu, Romain, Jaber, Samir, Jung, Boris, Conseil, Mathieu, Coisel, Yannael, Belafia, Fouad, Klouche, Kada, Amigues, Laurent, Machado, Sonia, Serveaux, Marianne, Chastre, Jean, Trouillet, Jean-Louis, Cousson, Joël, Raclot, Pascal, Floch, Thierry, Zeni, Fabrice, Darmon, Michael, Pichon, Matthias, Coudrot, Maud, Ninet, Sebastien, Diconne, Eric, Schlemmer, Benoit, Azoulay, Elie, Lemiale, Virginie, Maziers, Nicolas, Meziani, Ferhat, Schnell, David, Boisrame-Helms, Julie, Neagu-Anca, Raluca, Delabranche, Xavier, Martinet, Olivier, Garrouste-orgeas, Maité, Misset, Benoit, Bruneel, Fabrice, Laurent, Virginie, Lacave, Guillaume, Bedos, Jean-Pierre, Hammi, Khadija, Styfalova, Lenka, Fritzsch, Joelle, Letrou, Sophie, Estevez, Lucie, Adda, Mireille, Devaux, Therese, Dubien, Celine, Bayarassou, Soumia, Faure, Catherine Jouvene, de La Salle, Sylvie, Prades, Albert, Rodriguez, Annie, Meur, Pierre, Warchol, Magda, El Haouari, Hanane, Theodose, Igor, Fournier, Julien, Cavelot, Sebastien, Kodja, Lilia Bakir, Faure, Marie Joyeux, Maurisot, Sophie, Labat, Carole, Tacco, Frédéric, Roos, Sonia, Dupre, Karima, Abazid, Malek, Essert, Michele, Arnaud, Philippe, Papy, Emmanuelle, Ghezzoul, Bellabes, Gerbouin, Olivier, Peccoux, Sandrine Corny, Fagnoni, Philippe, Millaret, Anne, Pivot, Christine, Gerard, Cecile, Breuker, Cyril, Castet, Audrey, Charbonnier, Fanny, Legrand, Maryline, Mordini, Julia, Chambrin, Isabelle Madelaine, Clauss, Anne Hutt, Cherifi, Mohamed, Pattyn, Anne, Pichard, Camille, Cornet, Murielle, Zumbo, Christian, Smets, Aurélie, Benveniste, Eliane, Grenouillet, Fréderic, Chochillon, Christian, Accoberry, Isabelle, Pons, Denis, Mrozek, Natacha, Dalle, Frédéric, Bienvenu, Anne-lise, Picot, Stephane, Beyerle, Francoise, Bourgeois, Nathalie, Fekkar, Arnaud, Toubas, Dominique, Raberin, Hélène, Candolfi, Ermanno, Bru, Valérie, Kitzis, Marie Dominique, Senghor, Yaye, Palette, Catherine, Eloy, Odile, Ruckly, Stéphane, Vesin, Aurélien, Mira, Jean-Paul, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Shir, Edith, Larrey, Dominique, and Zarskii, Jean-Pierre

Published
2017
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25. The Long Non-Coding RNA HOXA-AS2 Promotes Proliferation of Glioma Stem Cells and Modulates Their Inflammation Pathway Mainly through Post-Transcriptional Regulation

Author

Le Boiteux, Elisa, primary, Guichet, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Masliantsev, Konstantin, additional, Montibus, Bertille, additional, Vaurs-Barriere, Catherine, additional, Gonthier-Gueret, Céline, additional, Chautard, Emmanuel, additional, Verrelle, Pierre, additional, Karayan-Tapon, Lucie, additional, Fogli, Anne, additional, Court, Franck, additional, and Arnaud, Philippe, additional

Published
2022
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26. L1 chimeric transcripts are expressed in healthy brain and their deregulation in glioma follows that of their host locus

Author

Pinson, Marie-Elisa, primary, Court, Franck, additional, Masson, Aymeric, additional, Renaud, Yoan, additional, Fantini, Allison, additional, Bacoeur-Ouzillou, Ophélie, additional, Barriere, Marie, additional, Pereira, Bruno, additional, Guichet, Pierre-Olivier, additional, Chautard, Emmanuel, additional, Karayan-Tapon, Lucie, additional, Verrelle, Pierre, additional, Arnaud, Philippe, additional, and Vaurs-Barrière, Catherine, additional

Published
2022
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28. Gender Disparities in Sentencing

Author

Arnaud Philippe

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Sentence length, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, gender gap, Prison, Sample (statistics), sentencing, 0502 economics and business, ECON Applied Economics, Gender gap, 050207 economics, Psychology, criminal justice, Period (music), ECON CEPS Welfare, 050205 econometrics, media_common, Demography, Criminal justice
Abstract

This paper uses the universe of convictions in France between 2000 and 2003 to document the gender gap in sentencing. It reveals three main findings. First, during this period, and after controlling for very precise descriptions of the offences as well as other observable characteristics, women received prison sentences that were 15 days shorter, on average, than those of men who committed comparable offences. This represents a 33% decrease relative to the average sentence length in the sample (45 days in the entire sample). Second, this gender gap is also observed for mixed‐gender pairs of criminals (one man and one woman) who are convicted together, on the same day, by the same person and for the same crime. Finally, this paper presents robust evidence that the gender gap is affected by the gender of the judge, but not that of the prosecutor. Using the evolution of the courts’ composition between 2000 and 2003, the results show that a one‐standard‐deviation increase in the number of women in the court decreases the gender gap by 10%.

Published
2020

29. Electoral Sentencing Cycles

Author

David Abrams, Roberto Galbiati, Emeric Henry, and Arnaud Philippe

Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, Economics and Econometrics, Law
Abstract

We add to our understanding of the optimal method of judicial selection by exploiting an unusual feature in North Carolina: judges rotate location every 6 months. This allows us to identify the existence and source of sentencing variation over the electoral cycle. We show that when elections approach, felony sentences rise. This increase is found exclusively when judges are sentencing in their district of election, and only when elections are contested. When judges hear cases outside their home district, sentences do not significantly vary over the electoral cycle. Our results show that electoral sentencing cycles can be explained by strategic sentencing by judges in an attempt to please voters. The unique setting allows us to reject alternative behavioral or contextual explanations for the rise in sentences as elections approach. (JEL K42).

Published
2022

37. Performance of Repeated Measures of (1–3)-β-D-Glucan, Mannan Antigen, and Antimannan Antibodies for the Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in ICU Patients: A Preplanned Ancillary Analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Dupuis, Claire, Le Bihan, Clément, Calvet, Laure, Schwebel, Carole, Cornet, Muriel, Hamidfar-Roy, Rebecca, Ciroldi, Magalie, Paugam-Burtz, Clichy Catherine, Foucrier, Arnaud, Navellou, Jean Christophe, Wolff, Michel, Timsit, Jean-Francois, Bouadma, Lila, Mourvillier, Bruno, Sonneville, Romain, Chemam, Sarah, Gruson, Didier, Souweine, Bertrand, Lautrette, Alexandre, Charles, Pierre Emmanuel, BRUYERE, Rémi, Hamet, Maël, Allaouchiche, Bernard, Guillaume, Christian, Ber, Charles-Eric, Prothet, Johanne, Rimmele, Thomas, Argaud, Laurent, Simon, Marie, Cour, Martin, Hernu, Romain, Jaber, Samir, Jung, Boris, Conseil, Mathieu, Coisel, Yannael, Belafia, Fouad, Klouche, Kada, Amigues, Laurent, Machado, Sonia, Serveaux, Marianne, Chastre, Jean, Trouillet, Jean-Louis, Cousson, Joël, Raclot, Pascal, Floch, Thierry, Zeni, Fabrice, Darmon, Michael, Pichon, Matthias, Coudrot, Maud, Ninet, Sebastien, Diconne, Eric, Schlemmer, Benoit, Azoulay, Elie, Lemiale, Virginie, Maziers, Nicolas, Meziani, Ferhat, Schnell, David, Boisrame-Helms, Julie, Neagu-Anca, Raluca, Delabranche, Xavier, Martinet, Olivier, Garrouste-Orgeas, Maité, Misset, Benoit, Brunee, Fabrice, Laurent, Virginie, Lacave, Guillaume, Bedos, Jean-Pierre, Hammi, Khadija, Styfalova, Lenka, Fritzsch, Joelle, Letrou, Sophie, Estevez, Lucie, Devaux, Therese, Dubien, Celine, Bayarassou, Soumia, Faure, Catherine Jouvene, de la Salle, Sylvie, Prades, Albert, Rodriguez, Annie, Meur, Pierre, Warchol, Magda, El Haouari, Hanane, Theodose, Igor, Fournier, Julien, Cavelot, Sebastien, Kodja, Lilia Bakir, Faure, Marie Joyeux, Tacco, Frédéric, Roos, Sonia, Dupre, Karima, Abazid, Malek, Essert, Michele, Arnaud, Philippe, Papy, Emmanuelle, Ghezzoul, Bellabes, Gerbouin, Olivier, Peccoux, Sandrine Corny, Fagnoni, Philippe, Millaret, Anne, Pivot, Christine, Gerard, Cecile, Breuker, Cyril, Castet, Audrey, Charbonnier, Fanny, Legrand, Maryline, Mordini, Julia, Chambrin, Isabelle Madeleine, Clauss, Anne Hutt, Cherifi, Mohamed, Pattyn, Anne, Cornet, Murielle, Maubon, Daniele, Benveniste, Eliane, Grenouillet, Frédéric, Chochillon, Christian, Accoberry, Isabelle, Pons, Denis, Mrozek, Natacha, Dalle, Frédéric, Picot, Stephane, Beyerle, Francoise, Bienvenu, Anne-Lise, Bourgeois, Nathalie, Fekkar, Arnaud, Toubas, Dominique, Raberin, Hélène, Candolfi, Ermanno, Bru, Valérie, Kitzis, Marie Dominique, Senghor, Yaye, Palette, Catherine, Ruckly, Stéphane, Vesin, Aurélien, Zahar, Jean-Ralph, Mira, Jean-Paul, Larrey, Dominique, Zarski, Jean-Pierre, Schir, Edith, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Population, Antibiotics, Gastroenterology, Major Articles, law.invention, Sepsis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Intensive care, Internal medicine, (1, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, (1,3)-β-D-glucan, education.field_of_study, business.industry, competing risk models, Repeated measures design, invasive candidiasis, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, 3)-β-D-glucan, 3. Good health, AcademicSubjects/MED00290, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Cohort, business
Abstract

Background We aimed to assess the prognostic value of repeated measurements of serum (1–3)-β-D-glucan (BDG), mannan-antigen (mannan-Ag), and antimannan antibodies (antimannan-Ab) for the occurrence of invasive candidiasis (IC) in a high-risk nonimmunocompromised population. Methods This was a preplanned ancillary analysis of the EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial, including nonimmunocompromised critically ill patients with intensive care unit–acquired sepsis, multiple Candida colonization, and multiple organ failure who were exposed to broad-spectrum antibacterial agents. BDG (>80 and >250 pg/mL), mannan-Ag (>125 pg/mL), and antimannan-Ab (>10 AU) were collected repeatedly. We used cause-specific hazard models. Biomarkers were assessed at baseline in the whole cohort (cohort 1). Baseline covariates and/or repeated measurements and/or increased biomarkers were then studied in the subgroup of patients who were still alive at day 3 and free of IC (cohort 2). Results Two hundred thirty-four patients were included, and 215 were still alive and free of IC at day 3. IC developed in 27 patients (11.5%), and day 28 mortality was 29.1%. Finally, BDG >80 pg/mL at inclusion was associated with an increased risk of IC (CSHR[IC], 4.67; 95% CI, 1.61–13.5) but not death (CSHR[death], 1.20; 95% CI, 0.71–2.02). Conclusions Among high-risk patients, a first measurement of BDG >80 pg/mL was strongly associated with the occurrence of IC. Neither a cutoff of 250 pg/mL nor repeated measurements of fungal biomarkers seemed to be useful to predict the occurrence of IC. The cumulative risk of IC in the placebo group if BDG >80 pg/mL was 25.39%, which calls into question the efficacy of empirical therapy in this subgroup.

Published
2021

39. Reducing Discrimination in the Field: Evidence from an Awareness Raising Intervention Targeting Gender Biases in Student Evaluations of Teaching

Author

Arnaud Philippe, Anne Boring, and Economics

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Gender discrimination, gender biases, SDG 5 - Gender Equality, Statement (logic), 05 social sciences, education, Raising (linguistics), Field (computer science), field experiment, Intervention (counseling), 0502 economics and business, Economics, ECON Applied Economics, Normative statement, 050207 economics, Set (psychology), student evaluations of teaching, Social psychology, Finance, 050205 econometrics
Abstract

This paper presents the results of a field experiment designed to reduce gender discrimination in student evaluations of teaching (SET). In the first intervention, students receive a normative statement reminding them that they should not discriminate in SETs. In the second intervention, the normative statement includes precise information about how other students (especially male students) have discriminated against female teachers in previous years. The purely normative statement has no significant impact on SET overall satisfaction scores, suggesting that a blanket awareness-raising campaign may be inefficient to reduce discrimination. However, the informational statement appears to significantly reduce gender discrimination. The effect we find mainly comes from a change in male students’ evaluation of female teachers.

Published
2021

45. Widespread overexpression from the four DNA hypermethylated HOX clusters in aggressive (IDHwt) glioma is associated with H3K27me3 depletion and alternative promoter usage

Author

Le Boiteux, Elisa, primary, Court, Franck, additional, Guichet, Pierre‐Olivier, additional, Vaurs‐Barrière, Catherine, additional, Vaillant, Isabelle, additional, Chautard, Emmanuel, additional, Verrelle, Pierre, additional, Costa, Bruno M., additional, Karayan‐Tapon, Lucie, additional, Fogli, Anne, additional, and Arnaud, Philippe, additional

Published
2021
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50. Angelo furioso (Giono et l’Arioste)

Author

Arnaud, Philippe

Subjects
littérature française, littérature, LIT004150, DSB, Literature, Romance
Abstract

Le corps de tous ces gens qui avaient un corps lui inspirait, bien sûr, un trouble qui ressemblait à de l’envie, mais aussi une crispation d’orgueil et de hautaine fierté.Italo Calvino, Le Chevalier inexistant Le nom de l’Arioste ou celui des principaux personnages de son grand poème épique Roland furieux apparaît souvent dans l’œuvre de Giono et il m’a semblé intéressant d’interroger cette source encore mal connue mais très présente en particulier dans le cycle du Hussard. J’évoquerai donc d...

Published
2020

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