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La expresión de Bessel es una ecuación diferencial ordinaria de segundo orden (EDOPO), cuyas soluciones son esféricas y pueden resolverse por los métodos de Frobenius, series y coeficientes indeterminados; cuyos valores se pueden utilizar muy bien y con facilidad en la ingeniería y tecnología de los alimentos. Sus soluciones se particularizan en cuatro partes, de las cuales las del tipo son las que tienen una aplicación en el presente estudio. La EDOPO de Bessel fue resuelta en sus cuatro posibilidades, donde los valores y comportamientos se proporcionan en tablas y gráficas en detalle. Los valores correspondientes de se usaron en la distribución de temperatura para envases cilíndricos de dimensiones conocidas usando las ecuaciones de transferencia de calor por conducción, preferentemente, proveniente de la teoría de Fourier; facilitando mejorar, modificar y diseñar nuevos procesos. Los resultados de la distribución de temperatura fueron calculados por las ecuaciones respectivas y los resultados obtenidos fueron empleados satisfactoriamente en el desarrollo del trabajo.

Se evaluó el aprovechamiento de los subproductos cítricos mediante la fermentación de la corteza de naranja por medio de Aspergillus niger van Tieghem, 1867, el que fue obtenido por inoculación en placa Petri, a temperatura de 35°C y a un pH de 4,3. Se utilizó como substrato la corteza de naranja triturada, parcialmente deshidratada, extendida en bandejas, secada en bandejas de cartón y sin pretratamiento térmico, añadiéndole, únicamente, componentes y nutrientes minerales, y se cultivó a A. niger a diferentes temperaturas de fermentación entre 8°C y 40°C. Al culminar el proceso fermentativo de la corteza de naranja pretratada se obtuvieron porcentajes máximos de transformación de nitrógeno mineral a nitrógeno orgánico de 34,5 %, para un valor de la integral térmica entre 0°C y 320°C por día, obteniendo para un kg de materia seca, 6,6 % de proteína para 600 g de producto (pienso) con 18 % de proteína. Finalmente, se correlacionó la variación del pH del sustrato en función de la integral térmica del cultivo; el rendimiento de la transformación del nitrógeno mineral a orgánico en función de la integral térmica del cultivo y la evolución del contenido de nitrógeno orgánico del sustrato de naranja fermentado por el A. niger frente a la integral térmica. Los resultados muestran altos coeficientes de correlación. Se concluye que es posible aprovechar los subproductos cítricos mediante la fermentación de la corteza de naranja por A. niger.

Esta es una investagación descriptivo-correlacional y con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal que tiene por objetivo determinar la relación de los factores personales, eclesiásticos, relacionales asociados con la permanencia de los miembros de la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día de la Misión del Lago Titicaca, 2015.

Forty seven clinical samples of Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH) from Peruvian broilers received between July 2006 and April 2013 were genotyped using sequencing of L1 Loop of Hexon gene. All 47 clinical samples presented macroscopic and histopathology lesions consistent with IBH, and amplified a specific fragment of Hexon gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A unique nucleotide sequence of 789 base pairs of Hexon gene (position 273 to 1061) was obtained in all 47 clinical samples analyzed. This sequence showed a high level of conservation in amino acid and nucleotide sequence (>99%) with a Fowl Adenovirus C serotype 4 previously identified. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicate no genotypic variation in Peruvian isolates. The presence of a unique genotype very closely related with genotype C1 previously reported in Peru and Ecuador (>99%), suggests the presence of FAdV C serotype 4 genotype C1 in clinical cases of IBH from Peruvian broilers.

Blood samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with ehrlichiosis were examined for infection of Ehrlichia canis using PCR, multiplex real-time PCR, and DNA sequencing analysis. Eleven of 25 samples were positive for a new strain of E. canis . This is the first molecular identification of E. canis infection in dogs from Peru.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar la presencia de las micotoxinas ocratoxina A y toxina T-2 en dos ingredientes alimenticios comunes en las dietas avícolas de procedencia diversa. Se analizaron 139 muestras de maíz y 64 de torta de soya para el contenido de ocratoxina A y 193 muestras de maíz y 144 de torta de soya para el contenido de toxina T-2, las mismas que fueron recibidas para análisis entre 2007 y 2011. Los resultados indicaron 66.2 y 67.4% de muestras positivas de maíz para ocratoxina A y toxina T-2, respectivamente. Asimismo, 71.9 y 88.9% muestras positivas de torta de soya para ocratoxina A y toxina T-2, respectivamente. Ninguna muestra llegó a sobrepasar los límites de ocratoxina A y T-2 permitidos, según las recomendaciones de la Comisión Europea (2006/576/EC)., The study aimed to quantify the presence of micotoxins ochratoxine A and toxin T-2 in two common feedstuffs used in poultry diets (yellow corn and soybean meal) from different origins. Samples received for analysis from 2007 to 2011 were included in the study: 139 samples of corn and 64 of soybean meal were analyzed for ochratoxine A and 193 samples of corn and 144 of soybean were analized for toxin T-2. Results showed 66.2 and 67.4% positive samples of maize to ochratoxine A and toxin T-2 respectively, and 71.9 y 88.9% positive samples of soybean for ochratoxine A and toxin T-2 respectively. None of the samples surpassed the accepted limits recommended by the European Commission (2006/576/EC).

To investigate the presence of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) in pelvic tissue after oral administration of tegafur. To measure tegafur and 5-FU concentrations in normal rectal mucosa, perirectal fat and residual tumor in rectal cancer patients receiving preoperative chemoradiation. To correlate drug concentrations with cancer down-staging effects. Three tissue samples taken from 16 surgical specimens after recto-sigmoid resection were analyzed. Tegafur and 5-FU concentrations were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. 16 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were treated with preoperative pelvic irradiation (45–50 Gy) sensitized with oral tegafur (400 mg for every 8 hours daily). Seven patients received a precharge dose of tegafur (400 mg oral every 8 hours) 24 hours before surgery. In 8 of the 9 patients who did not receive a precharge dose, detectable levels of tegafur were observed in fat tissue, normal mucosa and tumor, but detectable 5-FU levels were only observed in one patient. Mean concentrations (ranges) for tegafur in fat, normal mucosa and tumor in patients without the precharge dose were 72.19 (12.1–205.6), 179.53 (11.30–727.7) and 252.35 (27.9–874.6) ng/g, respectively; mean concentrations for 5-FU in the same samples were 0.95, 1.92 and 2.68 ng/g (1 patient), respectively. In patients receiving a tegafur precharge, both tegafur and 5-FU were present in all tissue samples with the exception of 2 fat samples, in which drug concentrations were undetectable. 5-FU levels were higher in tumor than other sites, with a median value of 68.24 ng/g (range 3.8–283.05 ng/g). Tegafur levels were also higher in tumor samples than other sites (mean 3446.53 ng/g, range 1044.5–7847.0 ng/g), except in 2 patients who had higher levels of tegafur in normal mucosa. Tegafur and 5-FU are not always present in pelvic tissues 5 to 6 weeks after oral administration of tegafur. Both drugs were present in the tissues analyzed, in relevant concentrations, 24 hours after oral administration of tegafur. The data obtained suggest a tendency (not significant) toward a correlation between levels of 5-FU present in the residual tumor and cancer down staging.

Background and purpose : To analyze early results of a single institution experience using adjuvant intraoperative electron radiation therapy (IOERT) presacral boost in locally advanced rectal cancer following preoperative chemoradiation. Materials and methods : In a 63 month period (March 1995–June 2000), 100 consecutive T 3–4 N x rectal cancer patients were treated with preoperative chemoradiation (45–50 Gy plus oral Tegafur or 5-Fluorouracil continuous intravenous infusion), radical surgery and IOERT presacral boost (mean dose, 12.5 Gy; range, 10–15 Gy). Adjuvant chemotherapy (5-FU–leucovorin: 4–6 cycles) was given to 52 patients. The median age was 63 years, and 39 patients were ≥70 years old (65 males). Clinical staging was performed with computed tomography (94%) and/or endorectal ultrasound (71%) categorizing 90 cT 3 , 10 cT 4 , 20 cN x , and 36 cN + . Abdomino-perineal resection was performed in 41 cases. Results : The IOERT cancellation rate was 6%. With a median follow-up of 23 months in IOERT treated patients, three developed pelvic recurrence: one anastomotic and one in the posterior vaginal wall (simultaneously with distant metastatic disease); and one presacral (in-field IOERT) as the only site of initial failure. Distant metastasis has been observed in 14 patients (exceptionally in pT 0–1 downstaged patients: 1/20; 5%). Overall treatment tolerances, including neoadjuvant and surgical segments, were acceptable. The actuarial 4-year estimations of local control, disease-free and overall survival are 94, 75 and 65%, respectively. Conclusions : IOERT electron boost to the presacral region is feasible to integrate systematically in the intensive combined treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer, including neoadjuvant chemoradiation segment. Topography of pelvic recurrences identified 2/3 relapses located in non-IOERT boosted anatomic intrapelvic sites: posterior vaginal wall and anastomotic suture. Presacral recurrence in locally advanced rectal cancer seems to be of low incidence, in a non-subspecialized academic surgical practice coordinated with a multidisciplinary oncology evaluation context, if an IOERT boost is included as a component of treatment together with preoperative chemoradiation.

Se analiza retrospectivamente la tolerancia y el control tumoral en pacientes con cancer infiltrante de vejiga cuya unica alternativa terapeutica radical es la radioterapia externa.

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las biovariedades de Pasteurella multocida y Gallibacterium anatis en aves de producción con signos respiratorios. Estas bacterias fueron aisladas de muestras de secreciones y órganos de pollos de carne, gallinas de postura y patos criollos afectados, provenientes de granjas avícolas de la costa y selva del Perú. De 25 aislamientos se identificaron 13 cepas de P. multocida y 12 de G. anatis, mediante características de cultivo, morfología y pruebas bioquímicas (oxidasa, catalasa, indol, ureasa). Las cepas fueron sometidas a la prueba de fermentación en micropozos, consistente en una batería de 10 carbohidratos y un aminoácido para su tipificación. Los resultados indican que ocho cepas de P. multocida correspondieron a la biovariedad 1 y las restantes a las biovariedades 3, 4, 6, 10 y 11, en tanto que 11 cepas de G. anatis correspondieron a la biovariedad haemolytica y la otra a la biovariedad anatis The aim of the study was to identify biovars of Pasteurella multocida and Gallibacterium anatis in poultry with respiratory signs. These bacteria were isolated from samples of secretions and organs of affected broilers, layers and ducks from various poultry farms in the coast and the tropics of Peru. Out of 25 isolates obtained, 13 strains of P. multocida and 12 of G. anatis were identified based on culture characteristics, morphology and biochemical tests (oxidase, catalase, indole, urease). These strains were subjected to micro-well fermentation tests with 10 carbohydrates and one amino acid for typification. Results showed that eight strains of P. multocida corresponded to biovar 1 and the others to biovars 3, 4, 6, 10 and 11, while 11 strains of G. anatis corresponded to biovar haemolytica and one strain to biovar anatis

El propósito del estudio fue determinar la variabilidad genética de 96 cepas de Gallibacterium anatis aisladas de aves comerciales con sintomatología respiratoria, provenientes de Arequipa (2), Ica (3), La Libertad (27), Lima (62), Madre de Dios (1) y Ucayali (1), y recolectadas desde el 2007 al 2011. Las cepas se tipificaron mediante pruebas de fermentación de carbohidratos y sensibilidad a nueve antimicrobianos. La variabilidad genética de las cepas de G. anatis se determinó mediante ERIC-PCR, previa identificación por PCR usando cebadores específicos. Del análisis de fermentación de carbohidratos se obtuvieron perfiles que correspondieron a 10 biovares, todos los cuales se encontraron en Lima y el 45.8% de las cepas pertenecieron al biovar 4. Con respecto a la sensibilidad antimicrobiana, el 40.8% de las cepas fueron resistentes a todos los antimicrobianos estudiados, en tanto que el 94.8 y 95.8% fueron resistentes a enrofloxacina y ciprofloxacina. Por ERIC-PCR se obtuvieron 24 perfiles de ADN no asociados con los biovares, lo cual indica la existencia de variabilidad genética intraespecífica en cepas de G. anatis circulantes en Perú., The purpose of this study was to determine the genetic variability of strains of Gallibacterium anatis isolated in commercial poultry with respiratory symptoms from Arequipa (2), Ica (3), La Libertad (27), Lima (62), Madre de Dios (1) and Ucayali (1), collected from 2007 to 2011. Strains were typified by carbohydrate fermentation tests and sensitivity to nine antimicrobials. The genetic variability of these strains was determined by ERIC-PCR, after identification by PCR using specific primers. The analysis of carbohydrate fermentation profiles corresponded to 10 biovars, all of which were found in Lima and 45.8% of the strains belonged to biovar 4. Concerning antimicrobial susceptibility, 40.8% of strains were resistant to all antimicrobials studied, while 94.8 and 95.8% were resistant to enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. By ERIC-PCR 24 DNA profiles associated with biovars were obtained, indicating the existence of intraspecific genetic variability in strains of G. anatis circulating in Peru.

Se estableció el perfil bioquímico sanguíneo hepático de vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna) criadas en cautiverio en dos parques zoológicos de la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Se tomaron muestras de sangre a 31 animales por punción de la vena yugular, y se determinó bilirrubina total (BT), directa (BD) e indirecta (BD), alanino amino transferasa (ALT), aspartato amino transferasa (AST), fosfatasa alcalina (FA), gamma lutamil transferasa (GGT), proteínas totales (PT), albúmina, globulinas y glucosa. Los valores encontrados (media ± DE) fueron: BT 0.27 ± 0.10 mg/dl; BD 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/dl; BI 0.17 ± 0.09 mg/dl; ALT 6.39 ± 4.62 UI/L; AST 242.77 ± 61.36 UI/L; FA 175.16 ± 67.23 UI/L; GGT 11.32 ± 9.84 UI/L; PT 8.27 ± 2.25 g/dl; albúmina 4.06 ± 0.82 g/dl; globulinas 4.21 ± 1.93 g/dl; glucosa 143.16 ± 33.14 mg/dl. No hubo diferencia estadística por sexo pero el lugar de procedencia fue estadísticamente significativo (p, The blood biochemical liver profile in vicunas (Vicugna vicugna) was determined using 31 animals reared in captivity in two zoological parks in the city of Lima, Peru. Blood was collected by puncture of the jugular vein to measure total (BT), direct (BD) and indirect bilirubin (BI), alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FA), gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), total protein (PT), albumin, globulin and glucose. The values (mean ± sd) were: BT 0.27 ± 0.10 mg/dl; BD 0.10 ± 0.06 mg/dl; BI 0.17 ± 0.09 mg/dl; ALT 6.39 ± 4.62 UI/L; AST 242.77 ± 61.36 UI/L; FA 175.16 ± 67.23 UI/L; GGT 11.32 ± 9.84 UI/L; PT 8.27 ± 2.25 g/dl; albumin 4.06 ± 0.82 g/dl; globulins 4.21 ± 1.93 g/dl; glucose 143.16 ± 33.14 mg/dl. No statistically difference due to sex was found but rearing location was significantly different (p

Se evaluó el efecto de la adición de una mezcla probiótica en la dieta sobre la ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento y conversión alimenticia de cuyes en crecimiento y engorde. Se trabajó con 64 cuyes machos de un día de edad de una granja experimental en Huancayo, Perú. Los animales fueron distribuidos al azar en cuatro tratamientos consistentes en una dieta base de forraje (ryegrass-trébol rojo) suplementada con afrechillo de trigo, más 0, 100, 150 o 200 ml de una mezcla probiótica en suspensión de Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium-Saccharomyces. La suspensión probiótica fue mezclada con 1 kg del suplemento y administrada por 10 semanas. Se observaron patrones significativos de respuesta lineal a los niveles del probiótico en ganancia de peso (y = 631.04571 + 0.60537x; r2=0.2971, p=0.029) y conversión alimenticia (y = 6.21121 - 0.0339x; r2=0.625, p=0.0003), sin que hubiera una respuesta significativa en consumo total de alimento. Se concluye que la mezcla probiótica tiene el potencial de incrementar la productividad y la eficiencia alimenticia en cuyes en crecimiento y acabado; sin embargo, mayores niveles del probiótico deberían ser explorados para obtener resultados biológicos y prácticos óptimos., The study evaluated the effect of addition of a probiotic mix in the diet on body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion of growing and finishing guinea pigs. A total of 64 male guinea pigs, 1 day-old from an experimental farm in Huncayo, Peru were selected. The animals were randomly allocated to four feed treatments consisting of a rye grass-clover forage basal diet supplemented with wheat bran plus 0, 100, 150 or 200 ml of a Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium-Saccharomyces probiotic mix suspension. The probiotic was mixed with 1 kg of the supplement and supplied during 10 weeks. Significant linear response patterns to the probiotic levels were observed for body weight gain (y = 631.04571 + 0.60537x; r2=0.2971, p=0.029) and feed conversion (y = 6.21121 - 0.0339x; r2=0.625, p=0.0003). There was no significant effect on feed intake. It is concluded that the probiotic mix has the potential for improving the productivity and feed efficiency of guinea pigs, but higher levels should be explored in order to obtain biological and practical optimal results.

Se determino los niveles sericos de las enzimas asparto aminotransferasa (AST), creatina fosfokinasa (CK), isoenzima creatina fosfokinasa-MB (CK-MB) y lactato deshidrogenasa (LDH) en perros adultos con enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) y aparentemente sanos, para evaluar su uso como predictor de dano miocardico en insuficiencia cardiaca. Se evaluo a 25 animales sin distincion de sexo y raza, los cuales se dividieron en 2 grupos: 10 animales aparentemente sanos (G1) y 15 animales con enfermedad cardiovascular (G2). Se colecto sangre de la vena cefalica y los sueros resultantes se analizaron por espectrofotometria. Los niveles sericos de la isoenzima CK-MB fueron los unicos que tuvieron diferencia estadistica (p

Se determinó el grado de concordancia entre el examen hematológico y la prueba de ELISA directa en el diagnóstico de ehrlichiosis canina. Se emplearon 77 muestras de sangre de perros con signos clínicos compatibles a ehrlichiosis canina y 20 controles clínicamente normales que fueron obtenidos en la Clínica de Animales Menores de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Se encontró un 84.7 ± 11.0% de grado de concordancia mediante la prueba de Kappa. Así mismo, se determinó que la trombocitopenia, leucopenia, anemia y el antecedente de contacto con garrapatas tuvieron una relación significativa con la presencia de la enfermedad (p, The present study evaluated the level of agreement between the hematology test and the direct ELISA assay for the diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis. It was used 77 samples from dogs with clinical signs compatible with canine ehrlichiosis and 20 control samples from the Hospital of Small Animals of the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, San Marcos National University. The results showed 84.7 ± 11.0% of concordance by the Kappa test. Likewise, the thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, anemia and history of tick infestation were significantly related (p

This study was carried out with 23 adult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus)of both sexes, kept in captivity in the province of Lima to establish reference liverbiochemistry profilevalues (Total and direct bilirubin, total protein, albumin, alanineamino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AF),and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT). The animals (7 males and 16 females) were from three local zoos and were anesthesyzed with ketamine hydrochloride or with acombination of ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride. Blood samples (7ml) were collected from the saphenous vein in sterile tubes and serum was analyzedusing commercial kits. The values (mean ± SD) were Total Bilirubin: 0.6 ± 0.3 mg/dl;Direct Bilirubin: 0.08 ± 0.06 mg/dl; Total Protein: 6.6 ± 0.7 g/dl; Albumin: 3.6 ± 0.5 g/dl;ALT: 26.0 ± 9.7 UI/l; AST: 87.6 ± 22.9 UI/l; AF: 73.9 ± 33.8 UI/l, and GGT: 42.5 ± 12.6 UI/l.There were no statistical differences due to sex except for total bilirubin and albumin(p

Se determino la seroprevalencia de cisticercosis porcina en caserios de la zona de Tumbes, Peru. Se evaluo el 97% (1872/1927) del total de cerdos mayores a 7 meses de edad, provenientes de 17 caserios rurales de la provincia de Tumbes, departamento de Tumbes, mediante la prueba de Electroinmunotransferencia. Ademas, se evaluo las variables caserio de procedencia, edad y sexo para determinar si existia asociacion respecto a la presentacion de la enfermedad, mediante la prueba de Chi Cuadrado y el analisis de Regresion Logistica. La seroprevalencia corregida fue de 45 ± 2.3%. Los caserios que presentaron las seroprevalencias mas altas fueron La Capitana, Carretas y Rica Playa (70 ± 7.8, 69 ± 12.3 y 64 ± 6.8%, respectivamente). Los seroprevalencia en cerdos mayores de 12 meses fue de 49 ± 3.1% en tanto que en cerdos de 8 a 12 meses fue de 40 ± 3.3% (p

Radio-induced dermatitis is one of the most frequent side effects of radiotherapy. Among the commercially available products for the care of irradiated skin is a hydrating lotion containing 3% urea, polidocanol and hyaluronic acid. Its effectiveness for preventing the appearance of radiodermatitis or reducing its severity has been studied on a number of occasions. To evaluate the effectiveness of “intensive use” of the lotion containing 3% urea, polidocanol and hyaluronic acid for preventing the appearance of acute radiodermatitis and controlling its severity. Prospective observational study in 98 patients with breast cancer with a 10-week follow-up period. Skin toxicity (RTOG/EORTC scale) was evaluated weekly. To study the effectiveness we compared incidence and grade of toxicity with a sample of 174 breast cancer patients (control sample) treated in our centre during 2006 who used skin-support measures at the start of the radiotherapy or the occurrence of radiodermatitis. The proportion of patients who did not develop radiodermatitis was significantly higher in the intensive use group (27.6% vs. 15.5%; p

Summary Introduction Gliosarcoma is a very rare primary mixed tumor in the central nervous system, with a biphasic pattern consisting of glial and malignant mesenchymal elements. Its onset is between the fourth and sixth decade of life, and it has a male/female ratio of 1.8/1. Here we present two cases of Gliosarcoma treated in our department. Discussion The monoclonal or biclonal origin of its biphasic nature is still subject to debate; hence the importance of its diagnosis and histogenesis. Results Standard treatment consists in surgical resection of the tumor followed in some cases by external radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Cistozoitos obtenidos a partir de macroquistes de Sarcocystis aucheniae presentes en carne de alpacas con sarcocistiosis fueron inoculados en cultivo primario de células de cornete nasal de feto de alpaca (CNA) y en líneas de células establecidas de riñón de bovino (BHK) y de mono (VERO). Los cistozoitos ingresaron a todas las células, transformándose en grandes y pequeños esquizontes multinucleares o en estadios como quistes, produciendo gran cantidad de merozoitos, todos de posición perinuclear. Cultivos continuos a partir del inóculo original de cistozoitos fueron mantenidos por más de 150 días por subcultivo de cistozoitos sobre nuevos cultivos de células CNA, BHK y VERO. Durante este tiempo, se mantuvo la capacidad de producir ambos tipos de esquizontes. Se confirmó la reproducción de los cistozoitos por tinción Giemsa y mediante inmunofluorescencia e inmunoperoxidasa, ambas pruebas utilizando antisuero anti S. aucheniae producido en conejos., Cystozoites obtained from macrocysts of Sarcocystis aucheniae, collected from alpaca meat infected with sarcocystiosis, were inoculated onto primary monolayer cultures of alpaca turbinate (AT) and secondary monolayer of bovine kidney (BHK) and monkey kidney (VERO) cells. Sporozoites entered the cells, formed large and small multinucleate schizonts, and produced large numbers of cystozoites of perinuclear position. Continuous cultivation from the original cystozoite inoculum was maintained for more than 150 days by inoculating cystozoites onto new cultures of AT, BHK and VERO cells. During this time, the capacity to produce both types of schizonts was preserved. The reproduction of cystozoites of S. aucheniae in tissue culture was confirmed using the Giemsa stain and the fluorescence microscopy and immunoperoxidase test, both of them, using antibodies anti S. aucheniae produced in rabbit.

El objetivo de esta investigación fue establecer valores de referencia en suero de urea y creatinina en el cautivo pecarí de labios blancos (Tayassu pecari). Las muestras de suero de 44 animales adultos (23 hombres y 21 mujeres) de una colonia en cautiverio en el Parque de las Leyendas Zoo (Lima, Perú) fueron recolectados después de inmovilización química. Urea y creatinina se analizaron mediante ensayos colorimétricos, y los valores fueron 27,4 ± 2,7 mg / dl y 2,8 ± 0,2 mg / dl, respectivamente. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre ambos sexos se encontraron. Valor urea fue superiores a los obtenidos en otros estudios, probablemente debido al contenido de proteína de alto la dieta zoo., The objective of this research was to establish reference serum values for urea and creatinine in the captive white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari). Serum samples from 44 adult animals (23 males and 21 females) from a captive colony in the Parque de las Leyendas Zoo (Lima, Peru) were collected after chemical inmobilization. Urea and creatinine were analyzed using colorimetric assays, and values were 27.4 ± 2.7 mg/dl and 2.8 ± 0.2 mg/dl respectively. No significant differences between sexes were found. Urea value was greater than those obtained in other studies probably due to the high protein content of the zoo diet.

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer valores de referencia para el suero de alanina aminotransferasa (ALT), aspartato aminotransferasa (AST), bilirrubina (total y directa), fosfatasa alcalina, proteínas totales y albúmina en cautiverio coatí sudamericano (Nasua nasua). Un total de 19 coatíes (11 hombres y 8 mujeres) de dos parques zoológicos en la zona de Lima, Perú se tomaron muestras de sangre. Los coatíes se le impidió químicamente usando clorhidrato de ketamina (10 mg / kg de peso corporal) y xilacina clorhidrato (1 mg / kg de peso corporal) por vía IM. sangre muestras (4 ml) se recogieron a través de punción de la vena femoral utilizando tubos vacutainer sin anticoagulante. Los valores de química sanguínea obtenidos fueron ALT: 94,0 ± 48,5 UI / L, AST: 124,7 ± 49,4 UI / L, bilirrubina total: 0,72 ± 0,55 mg / dl, bilirrubina directa: 0,19 ± 0,21 mg / dl, bilirrubina indirecta: 0,52 ± 0,52 mg / dl, fosfatasa alcalina: 46,8 ± 26,4 UI / l, proteínas totales: 8,0 ± 1,1 g / dl y albúmina: 3,9 ± 0,5 g / dl., The objective of this study was to establish reference serum values for alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), bilirubin (total and direct), alkaline phosphatase, total proteins and albumin in captive South American coati (Nasua nasua). A total of 19 coatis (11 males and 8 females) from two zoo parks in the area of Lima, Peru were blood sampled. The coatis were chemically restrained using ketamine clorhidrate (10 mg/kg body weight) and xilacine clorhidrate (1 mg/kg body weight) via IM. Blood samples (4 ml) were collected through femoral vein puncture using vacutainer tubes without anticoagulant. The blood chemistry values obtained were ALT: 94.0 ± 48.5 UI/L, AST: 124.7 ± 49.4 UI/L, total bilirubin: 0.72 ± 0.55 mg/dl, direct bilirubin: 0.19 ± 0.21 mg/dl, indirect bilirubin: 0.52 ± 0.52 mg/dl, alkaline phosphatase: 46.8 ± 26.4 UI/L, total proteins: 8.0 ± 1.1 g/dl, and albumin: 3.9 ± 0.5 g/dl.

El Neospora caninum es un protozoo implicado como agente causal de abortos y muerte neonatal, principalmente en el ganado bovino. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo para determinar la seroprevalencia a Neospora caninum en llamas de la zona central del país. Se evaluaron 175 sueros de llamas hembras en edad reproductiva, pertenecientes a la empresa Sociedad Agraria de Interés Social (SAIS) Pachacútec, del departamento de Junín, mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta (IFI). Los resultados confirman la presencia del Neospora caninum en llamas de la sierra central, aunque con una seroprevalencia reducida (2.9 ± 2.5%)., The Neospora caninum is a protozoan that causes abortion, especially in cattle. Thepresent study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence to Neospora caninum inllamas of the central zone of the country. A total of 175 serum samples of breeding femalellamas of the Agrarian Cooperative Pachacútec were analyzed by the immunofluorescentantibody test (IFAT). The results confirmed the presence of Neospora caninum in llamasof the Central Sierra, but the seroprevalence was low (2.9 ± 2.5 %).

La linfadenitis granulomatosa es una enfermedad de significancia económica en alpacas, la cual es causada por Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, una bacteria gram positiva cuyo principal factor de virulencia es una exotoxina (fosfolipasa D). El objetivo del presente trabajo fue probar la eficacia de una vacuna elaborada a partir de precipitado proteico de C. pseudotuberculosis conteniendo la exotoxina, en un grupo de 20 ratones (grupo vacunado), quienes recibieron el inóculo con C.pseudotuberculosis, frente a otro grupo de 20 ratones (grupo control), quienes recibieron placebo y el inóculo. La inmunización del grupo vacunado con 16 g del precipitado proteico de C. pseudotuberculosis indujo protección después de la inoculación intraperitoneal con 104 UFC de C. pseudotuberculosis. La vacuna disminuyó los efectos tóxicos del C. pseudotuberculosis, lo cual se observó con la disminución del número y tamaño de abscesos de los animales del grupo vacunado (40% afectado) comparado con las lesiones severas y generalizadas encontradas en los animales del grupo control (95% afectado). Como parte de la metodología se desarrolló la técnica de PCR para la detección de C.pseudotuberculosis en los animales que presentaban abscesos, encontrándose una banda de DNA de 815 bp, demostrándose así al C. pseudotuberculosis como agente causal de la infección., The granulomatous lymphadenitis is an economically important infectious disease in alpacas. This disease is caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, which is a gram positive bacterium that has an exotoxin (Phospholipase D) as its main virulence factor. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a vaccine in a group of mice (20 vaccinated and 20 control). The vaccine was prepared with protein extracts from C. pseudotuberculosis isolated from an alpaca, containing the exotoxin, and used for the immunization of mice which received 16 g of protein extract. This confered protection after challenging intraperitoneally with 104 UFC of C. pseudotuberculosis. The vaccine ameliorated the toxic effects of C. pseudotuberculosis, which was evidenced by the decrease in number and size of abscesses in the vaccinated group (40% affected), in contrast with the severe and systemic damages found in the control animals (95% affected). Furthermore, a PCR methodology was set up in order to detect C. pseudotuberculosis in the experimental animals which showed abscesses, producing a band of 815 bp, indicating that C. pseudotuberculosis was the pathogen agent involved in the infections.

El propósito del estudio fue establecer valores de referencia para urea y creatinina sérica, análisis físico y químico de la orina en Saimiri boliviensis. Se utilizaron quince hembras y 15 machos criados en cautividad en el Centro de Reproducción y Conservación de Primates No Humanos, Iquitos, Perú. Los valores medios de urea y creatinina sérica fueron 66,7±25,2 y 2,0±0,5 respectivamente, y sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre sexos. Los valores medio para pH fue de 6,9±0,7 y para la gravedad específica fue de 1,021±0,004. Los valores de urea y creatinina fueron mayores a los reportados para Aotus nancymae., The purpose of the study was to establish reference values for serum urea and creatinine, and for physical and chemical analysis in urine in Saimiri boliviensis. Fifteen females and 15 males raised in captivity at the Centro de Reproducción y Conservación de Primates No Humanos, Iquitos, Peru were used. Mean values of urea and creatinine were 66.7 ± 25.2 and 2.0 ± 0.5 respectively, and without statistical differences between sexes. Mean values forpH was 6.9 ± 0.7 and for specific gravity was 1.021±0.004. Urea and creatinine values were higher to those reported for Aotus nancymae.

To describe downstaging effects in locally advanced rectal cancer induced by 2 fluopirimidine radiosensitizing agents given through different routes in conjunction with preoperative radiotherapy.From March 1995 to December 1999, two consecutive groups of patients with cT3-4Nx rectal cancer (94% CT scan, 71% endorectal ultrasound) were treated with either (1) 45-50 Gy (1.8 Gy/day, 25 fractions) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (500-1,000 mg/m2 by 24-h continuous i.v. infusion on Days 1-4 and 21-25) or (2) oral Tegafur (1,200 mg/day on Days 1-35, including weekends). Surgery was performed 4 to 6 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation.The total T downstaging rate was 46% in the 5-FU group and 53% in the Tegafur group. Subcategories were downstaged by the sensitizing agents (5-FU vs. Tegafur) as follows: pT0-1, 14% vs. 23%; pT2, 32% vs. 32%; pT3, 49% vs. 37%; pT4, 5% vs. 7%; and N(0), 74% vs. 86%. Analysis of residual malignant disease in the specimen discriminated mic/mac subgroups (mic:20% of microscopic cancer residue), with evident superior downstaging effects in the Tegafur-treated group: pTmic 23% vs. 58% (p = 0.002).When administered concurrent with pelvic irradiation, oral Tegafur induced downstaging rates in both T and N categories superior to those induced by intermediate doses of 5-FU by continuous i.v. infusion. In this pilot experience, oral Tegafur reproduced the characteristics of downstaging described previously when full doses of 5-FU have been combined with radiotherapy.

A 64-year-old male patient was studied for repeated right basal pneumonia of long duration. A computed tomography scan showed a cholecystitis of concealed evolution. Surgery revealed fistulization toward the thorax, with the passage of multiple calculi of a biliary origin to the chest cavity. We report the first described case to our knowledge of cholecyst-thoracic fistula secondary to cholecystitis of long evolution.

Twenty-five isolates of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale were examined by agar gel precipitation, immunoperoxidase assay, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, western blot analysis, and a polymerase chain reaction. All of the isolates were identified as serotype A. Protein profiles of whole cell extracts were similar for all the isolates, and a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 33 kD was a major component, being present in all the isolates. In the main, proteins of 33, 42, 52, and 66 kD were recognized in immunoblots with sera from chickens naturally exposed to O. rhinotracheale. A modified polymerase chain reaction assay identified O. rhinotracheale DNA from all the isolates and tracheal swabs, producing amplicons of 784 bp, and distinguished O. rhinotracheale from bacterial agents causing similar clinical signs.