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2. SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration

Author

Surya Chandra Rao Thumu, Monika Jain, Sumitha Soman, Soumen Das, Vijaya Verma, Arnab Nandi, David H Gutmann, Balaji Jayaprakash, Deepak Nair, James P Clement, Swananda Marathe, and Narendrakumar Ramanan

Subjects
astrocytes, reactive astrocytes, astrogliosis, SRF, serum response factor, neuroprotection, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Reactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of CNS injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain. These SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes do not affect neuron survival, synapse numbers, synaptic plasticity or learning and memory. However, the brains of Srf knockout mice exhibited neuroprotection against kainic-acid induced excitotoxic cell death. Relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases, SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes abrogate nigral dopaminergic neuron death and reduce β-amyloid plaques in mouse models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. Taken together, these findings establish SRF as a key molecular switch for the generation of reactive astrocytes with neuroprotective functions that attenuate neuronal injury in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.

Published
2024
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6. EVALUATION OF OPTIMAL TRANSMIT POWER IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS IN PRESENCE OF RAYLEIGH FADING

Author

Arnab Nandi and Sumit Kundu

Subjects
Sensor Networks, Power Control, Network connectivity, Rayleigh Fading, Computer engineering. Computer hardware, TK7885-7895, Information technology, T58.5-58.64
Abstract

Design of an energy efficient wireless sensor network (WSN) has emerged as an important research area. Minimizing energy consumption is the primary objective for WSN. WSN is usually characterized by tiny size, low cost and low transmission power. So optimization of transmission power is of great importance. Optimal transmit power not only achieves better network lifetime but also reduces inter-node interference significantly. In this paper we carry out simulation studies to investigate the effects of Rayleigh fading on the performance of WSN and optimal transmit power in presence of Rayleigh fading is derived. The effects of bit rate and Rayleigh fading on optimal transmit power are investigated under several network conditions. In this paper the network performance is estimated in terms of a quality of service (QoS) constraint given by the maximum tolerable bit error rate (BER). The derived optimal transmit power maintains a minimum BER constraint. The impact of fading on critical bit rate i.e., the bit rate below which a desired BER can not be achieved with any amount of transmit power is also studied.

Published
2010

37. SRF-deficient astrocytes provide neuroprotection in mouse models of excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration

Author

Surya Chandra Rao Thumu, Monika Jain, Sumitha Soman, Soumen Das, Vijaya Verma, Arnab Nandi, David H. Gutmann, Balaji Jayaprakash, Deepak Nair, James Premdoss Clement, Swananda Marathe, and Narendrakumar Ramanan

Abstract

Reactive astrogliosis is a common pathological hallmark of central nervous system (CNS) injury, infection, and neurodegeneration, where reactive astrocytes can be protective or detrimental to normal brain functions. Currently, the mechanisms regulating neuroprotective astrocytes and the extent of neuroprotection are poorly understood. Here, we report that conditional deletion of serum response factor (SRF) in adult astrocytes causes reactive-like hypertrophic astrocytes throughout the mouse brain. TheseSrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes do not affect neuron survival, synapse numbers, synaptic plasticity or learning and memory. However, the brains ofSrfknockout mice exhibited neuroprotection against kainic-acid induced excitotoxic cell death. Relevant to human neurodegenerative diseases,SrfGFAP-ERCKO astrocytes abrogate nigral dopaminergic neuron death and reduce β-amyloid plaques in mouse models of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, respectively. Taken together, these findings establish SRF as a key molecular switch for the generation of reactive astrocytes with neuroprotective functions that attenuate neuronal injury in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases.

Published
2023

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