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Kyoto Animation can rightly be called one of the leading studios of Japanese animation, and its works have been at the forefront of anime production in terms of both techniques and aesthetics. This is why it has been subjected to academic scrutiny by several notable anime scholars. However, no significant studies have been conducted on the works of Kyoto Animation from the perspective of the studio as a whole, or identified consistent themes and patterns flowing throughout them. This paper aims to rectify that gap by studying four works by the most prolific directors of Kyoto Animation (the Haruhi Suzumiya series (2006-2010), Beyond the Boundary (2013-15), A Silent Voice (2016) and Miss Kobayashi’s Maid Dragon (2017)) from the perspective of the Japanese Buddhist conception of tariki (Other-power) in order to tease out the central theme that lies at the heart of the studio’s work, and argues that Other-power (redefined as affective transformation) and the presence of a community of peers to nurture it offers powerful interpretive frameworks through which to understand these, and other, works by the studio.

There are a number of methodologies & approaches manufacturers and R&D Units can adopt to meet the desired Design & BOM (Bill of material) accuracy, but the most optimized & promising is developing a seamless digital platform (application) that caters to both Design and BOM (Bill of Material) review & its respective defects resolution and monitoring parallely. Considering complex products & large no. of new product introduction due to competitive market scenario, how do original equipment manufacturers, production and R&D firms determine the best way forward? Product Development team has developed an Innovative zero defect methodology that provides a platform for design review & its defects (Issues) closure mechanism simultaneously. This approach enables manufacturers to effectively handle complex design reviews, cost optimization, complexity reduction, BOM-Cost management & maintaining the intended product accuracy there by enabling faster product launch & time to market at competitive price. On top of it, it enables automated system based computation at each defined critical stage to concerned stakeholders for required action thus reducing manual intervention & time consumption. Integration of multiple system for automated reports generation and live dashboard for monitoring of part development and availability status. Predictive Analysis reports enlisting critical parts to take early development actions or providing alternate suggestions in order to meet the project delivery timeline. This paper discusses the in-depth process & stages of ‘E-VDHRS’ to effectively handle complex models/Products market introduction & benefits of this application in comparison to conventional approach along with in-sights of digital utilities & databases created in application to facilitate end-user with intended design review, cost optimize, Critical Issue management, defect reduction & accuracy achieved using this Innovative zero defect methodology. This robust system delivers a set of solutions that enabled process & productivity improvements via. Digital transformation resulting in drastically improved key levers like ‘Product design quality’, ‘Product launch timeline’, ‘BOM-Cost optimizations’ & ‘part complexity reductions’.

Japan is one of the richest democracies of Asia, a pillar of the international liberal order in the region, and a strongly pacifist nation with the only anti-war constitution in the world. It is al...

We propose a novel and minimal framework where a light scalar field can give rise to dark matter (DM) self-interactions, while enhancing the CP symmetry required for successful baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis route. For demonstration purpose we choose to work in a scotogenic seesaw scenario where the lightest among the right handed neutrinos (RHN), introduced for generating light neutrino masses radiatively, play the role of DM while the heavier two can play non-trivial roles in generating DM relic as well as lepton asymmetry. While dark matter self-interactions mediated by an additional singlet scalar can alleviate the small scale issues of cold dark matter paradigm, the same scalar can give rise to new one-loop decay processes of heavy RHN into standard model leptons providing an enhanced contribution to CP asymmetry, even with sub-TeV scale RHN mass. The thermally under-abundant relic of DM due to large annihilation rates into its light mediator receives a late non-thermal contribution from a heavier RHN. With only five new particles involved in the scotogenic seesaw, each having non-trivial roles in generating DM relic and baryon asymmetry, the model can explain non-zero neutrino mass while being verifiable at different experiments related to DM direct detection, flavour physics and colliders. The mechanism we demonstrated here by using a scotogenic seesaw scenario is also applicable to other models., Comment: 9 Pages, 6 Captioned Figures, Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

Natural circulation boiling water reactors (NCBWRs) are prone to flow instabilities. Due to instabilities, heat transfer deteriorates. However, the extent to which the heat transfer coefficient (HTC) deteriorates is not well established. In this work, experiments are conducted under controlled flow oscillations to evaluate the impact of the time period, mean mass flux, and amplitude ratio on HTC. Existing correlations for HTC are compared with experimental results and are found to be not satisfactory. To improve the predictions of HTC, correction factors (CFs) are proposed for existing correlations. Further, an improved HTC correlation has been developed, incorporating new nondimensional numbers.

We study the possibility of probing the scale of left-right symmetry breaking in the context of left-right symmetric models (LRSM). In LRSM, the right handed fermions transform as doublets under a newly introduced $SU(2)_R$ gauge symmetry. This, along with a discrete parity symmetry $\mathcal{P}$ ensuring identical gauge couplings of left and right sectors make the model left-right symmetric, providing a dynamical origin of parity violation in electroweak interactions via spontaneous symmetry breaking. The spontaneous breaking of $\mathcal{P}$ leads to the formation of domain walls in the early universe. These walls, if made unstable by introducing an explicit parity breaking term, generate gravitational waves (GW) with a spectrum characterized by the wall tension or the spontaneous $\mathcal{P}$ breaking scale, and the explicit $\mathcal{P}$ breaking term. Considering explicit $\mathcal{P}$ breaking terms to originate from Planck suppressed operators provides one-to-one correspondence between the scale of left-right symmetry and sensitivities of near future GW experiments. This is not only complementary to collider and low energy probes of TeV scale LRSM but also to GW generated from first order phase transition in LRSM with different spectral shape, peak frequencies as well as symmetry breaking scales., 8 pages, 4 figures, matches version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

Motivated by the growing evidence for a large neutrino asymmetry in the early universe from the recent $^4{\rm He}$ measurements, we point out the class of leptogenesis scenarios with decay or scattering being the source of lepton asymmetry, simultaneously consistent with such a large neutrino asymmetry as well as the observed baryon asymmetry of the universe. Considering $1 \rightarrow 2, 1 \rightarrow 3$ as well as $2 \rightarrow 2$ processes to be responsible for generating the asymmetries, we show that only TeV scale leptogenesis preferably of $1 \rightarrow N \, (N \geq 3)$ type can generate the required lepton asymmetry around sphaleron temperature while also generating a large neutrino asymmetry $\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-2})$ by the epoch of the big bang nucleosynthesis. This also offers the possibility of cogenesis if dark matter is in the form of a sterile neutrino resonantly produced in the early universe due to the presence of a large neutrino asymmetry. While such low scale leptogenesis has tantalising detection prospects at laboratory experiments, the indication of a large neutrino asymmetry provides a complementary indirect signature., 6 pages, 5 captioned figures

We analyze the classically scale-invariant $B-L$ model in the context of resonant leptogenesis with the recently proposed mass-gain mechanism. The $B-L$ symmetry breaking in this scenario is associated with a strong first order phase transition that gives rise to detectable gravitational waves (GWs) via bubble collisions. The same $B-L$ symmetry breaking also gives Majorana mass to right-handed neutrinos inside the bubbles, and their out of equilibrium decays can produce the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis. We show that the current LIGO-VIRGO limit on stochastic GW background already excludes part of the $B-L$ parameter space, complementary to the collider searches for heavy $Z^{\prime}$ resonances. Moreover, future GW experiments like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer can effectively probe the parameter space of leptogenesis over a wide range of the $B-L$ symmetry-breaking scales and gauge coupling values., 11 pages, 3 figures and 2 tables,version to appear in PRD

We propose a novel way of probing high scale Dirac leptogenesis, a viable alternative to canonical leptogenesis scenario where the total lepton number is conserved, keeping light standard model (SM) neutrinos purely Dirac. The simplest possible seesaw mechanism for generating light Dirac neutrinos involve heavy singlet Dirac fermions and a singlet scalar. In addition to unbroken global lepton number, a discrete $Z_2$ symmetry is imposed to forbid direct coupling between right and left chiral parts of light Dirac neutrino. Generating light Dirac neutrino mass requires the singlet scalar to acquire a vacuum expectation value (VEV) that also breaks the $Z_2$ symmetry, leading to formation of domain walls in the early universe. These walls, if made unstable by introducing a soft $Z_2$ breaking term, generate gravitational waves (GW) with a spectrum characterized by the wall tension or the singlet VEV, and the soft symmetry breaking scale. The scale of leptogenesis depends upon the $Z_2$-breaking singlet VEV which is also responsible for the tension of the domain wall, affecting the amplitude of GW produced from the collapsing walls. We find that most of the near future GW observatories will be able to probe Dirac leptogenesis scale all the way upto $10^{11}$ GeV., 7 pages, 4 captioned figures, matches version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

We study the possibility of realising leptogenesis from three body decay, dark matter (DM) and neutrino mass in a minimal framework. We propose a first of its kind model to implement the idea of leptogenesis from three body decay where CP asymmetry arises from interference of multiple $1 \rightarrow 3$ diagrams using resummed propagators along with DM. The standard model is extended by three heavy singlet fermions, one scalar singlet and one scalar doublet with appropriate discrete charges. Two of these singlet fermions not only play non-trivial roles in generating light neutrino mass at radiative level in scotogenic fashion, but also act as mediators in three body decay of the third singlet fermion leading to desired CP asymmetry through interference of such diagrams. With just one additional field compared to the minimal scotogenic model, we show that successful leptogenesis can occur at a scale as low as approximately 1 TeV which is much lower than the leptogenesis scale found for minimal scotogenic model. Also, the realisation of this three body decay leptogenesis naturally leads to a two component scalar singlet-doublet dark matter scenario offering a rich phenomenology. Apart from having interesting interplay of different couplings involved in processes related to both leptogenesis and dark matter, the model can also be tested at different experiments due to the existence of its particle spectrum at TeV scale., Comment: Version 3: 51 pages, 20 captioned figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

The Standard Model of Particle Physics cannot explain the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe. This observation is a clear sign of new physics beyond the Standard Model. There have been many recent theoretical developments to address this question. Critically, many new physics models that generate the baryon asymmetry have a wide range of repercussions for many areas of theoretical and experimental particle physics. This white paper provides an overview of such recent theoretical developments with an emphasis on experimental testability., Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021. Solicited white paper from TF08. v2: includes additional contributions

Motivated by the growing evidence for the possible lepton flavor universality violation after the first results from Fermilab's muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ measurement, we revisit one of the most widely studied anomaly free extensions of the standard model namely, gauged ${L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ model, to find a common explanation for muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ as well as baryon asymmetry of the universe via leptogenesis. The minimal setup allows TeV scale resonant leptogenesis satisfying light neutrino data while the existence of light ${L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ gauge boson affects the scale of leptogenesis as the right handed neutrinos are charged under it. For ${L}_{\ensuremath{\mu}}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ gauge boson mass at GeV scale or above, the muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ favored parameter space is already ruled out by other experimental data while bringing down its mass to sub-GeV regime leads to vanishing lepton asymmetry due to highly restrictive structures of lepton mass matrices at the scale of leptogenesis. Extending the minimal model with two additional Higgs doublets can lead to a scenario consistent with successful resonant leptogenesis and muon $g\ensuremath{-}2$ while satisfying all relevant experimental data.

We study a possibility of a strong first-order phase transition taking place below the electroweak scale in the context of a $U(1{)}_{D}$ gauge extension of the standard model. As pointed out recently by the NANOGrav Collaboration, gravitational waves from such a phase transition with appropriate strength and nucleation temperature can explain their 12.5 yr data. We first find the parameter space of this minimal model consistent with NANOGrav findings by considering only a complex singlet scalar and $U(1{)}_{D}$ vector boson. The existence of a singlet fermion charged under $U(1{)}_{D}$ can give rise to dark matter in this model, preferably of nonthermal type, while incorporating additional fields can also generate light neutrino masses through typical low-scale seesaw mechanisms like a radiative or inverse seesaw.

This paper will attempt to map the emergence of linguistic nationalism as a direct offshoot of the language debate in early-colonial Assam. In 1836, Bengali was made the language of courts and schools in Assam. Ten years later, the Baptist Mission at Sadiya started publishing a monthly magazine called Orunodoi. Orunodoi gradually became a critical instrument in the effort to reinstate Assamese as the language of the province’s courts and schools. How did the emergent public sphere react to the debate on language? What was the power dynamic between an emergent native intelligentsia, the Baptist Mission and the colonial state in early-colonial Assam? What are the factors that prevented Assamese from being reinstated as the language of courts and schools in Assam until 1873? Was the debate on language merely about imposition of a ‘foreign’ language, or was the discourse more fluid with concerns like language standardisation operating as undercurrents? Can the language debate in early-colonial Assam be isolated as the first assertion of a sub-national identity based upon cultural and linguistic ‘uniqueness’? Through an analysis of some articles published in Orunodoi, read along with private letters and official correspondences of the American Baptist Mission in Assam, this paper will attempt to address some of these questions and recover the context of the debate around language in nineteenth-century Assam.

We study a dark $SU(2)_D$ gauge extension of the standard model (SM) with the possibility of a strong first order phase transition (FOPT) taking place below the electroweak scale in the light of NANOGrav 12.5 yr data. As pointed out recently by the NANOGrav collaboration, gravitational waves (GW) from such a FOPT with appropriate strength and nucleation temperature can explain their 12.5 yr data. We impose a classical conformal invariance on the scalar potential of $SU(2)_D$ sector involving only a complex scalar doublet with negligible couplings with the SM Higgs. While a FOPT at sub-GeV temperatures can give rise to stochastic GW around nano-Hz frequencies being in agreement with NANOGrav findings, the $SU(2)_D$ vector bosons which acquire masses as a result of the FOPT in dark sector, can also serve as dark matter (DM) in the universe. The relic abundance of such vector DM can be generated in a non-thermal manner from the SM bath via scalar portal mixing. We also discuss future sensitivity of gravitational wave experiments to the model parameter space., Comment: 10 pages, 6 captioned figures. accepted for publication in JCAP. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.01007

Minimalistic Dirac radiative neutrino mass model based on modular symmetry is proposed. We predict maximum number of observables possible including neutrino mass splittings, neutrino mass scale, lepton mixing angles, and Dirac phases in the leptonic sector with minimum number of input parameters possible. Model is capable of accommodating multicomponent dark matter, thanks to the $\emph{R}-$parity and accidental scotogenic $\mathbb{Z}_2$ discrete symmetry. Furthermore, even-though neutrinos are Dirac in our model, matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe is achieved via neutrinogenesis mechanism. Phenomenology of the dark sector including various dark matter candidates is briefly discussed., Comment: 24 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables

Two major security threats for wireless networks are physical jamming and virtual jamming. The inherent openness of the wireless channels exposes the network to the physical jamming problem. On the other hand, the virtual carrier-sensing mechanism of IEEE 802.11 based MAC protocols opens up even a less expensive virtual jamming problem. A malicious node can effectively launch Denial of Service (DoS) attacks through virtual jamming inhibiting access to a large portion of a wireless network at the minimum expense of power, resulting in a significant drop in aggregate throughput and traffic carrying capacity of the network. The existing solution(s) can recover to some extent but the attackers are developing new variants of attacks day-by-day. Therefore, novel and more robust mechanisms are needed to combat virtual jamming. In this paper, we propose a novel machine learning based solution that can effectively classify the malicious (i.e., jammer) and non-malicious nodes in order to intelligently ignore any channel allocation requests made by the jammers. Finally, by presenting rigorous simulation results, we show the efficacy of the proposed solution and its superiority over other non machine learning based solutions.

We propose a new mechanism for generating matter-antimatter asymmetry via the interference of tree-level diagrams only, where the imaginary part of the Breit-Wigner propagator for an unstable mediator plays a crucial role. We first derive a general result that a nonzero $CP$-asymmetry can be generated via at least two sets of interfering tree-level diagrams involving either $2\rightarrow2$ or $1\rightarrow n$ (with $n\geq3$) processes. We illustrate this point in a simple TeV-scale extension of the Standard Model with an inert Higgs doublet and right-handed neutrinos, along with an electroweak-triplet scalar field, where small Majorana neutrino masses are generated via a combination of radiative type-I and tree-level type-II seesaw mechanisms. The imaginary part needed for the required $CP$-asymmetry comes from the trilinear coupling of the inert doublet with the triplet scalar, along with the width of the triplet scalar mediator. The real part of the neutral component of the inert doublet serves as a cold dark matter candidate. The evolutions of the dark matter relic density and the baryon asymmetry are intimately related in this scenario., 12 pages, 7 figures and 1 table, title changed, some figures updated and added, more comments, version to appear in PRD

We study the possibility of realising successful leptogenesis from dark matter annihilations in the scotogenic model of neutrino masses to explain the same order of magnitude abundance of dark matter and baryons in the present Universe, and show that the correct leptonic asymmetry, dark matter abundance and neutrino mass can be simultaneously achieved in the model. Interestingly, the scale of leptogenesis can be as low as 5 TeV, lower than the one in vanilla leptogenesis scenario in scotogenic model along with the additional advantage of explaining the baryon-dark matter coincidence. Due to such low scale, the model remains predictive at dark matter direct detection and rare decay experiments looking for charged lepton flavour violating processes

We consider the possibility of probing left-right symmetric model (LRSM) via cosmic microwave background (CMB). We adopt the minimal LRSM with Higgs doublets, also known as the doublet left-right model (DLRM), where all fermions including the neutrinos acquire masses only via their couplings to the Higgs bidoublet. Due to the Dirac nature of light neutrinos, there exist additional relativistic degrees of freedom which can thermalise in the early universe by virtue of their gauge interactions corresponding to the right sector. We constrain the model from Planck 2018 bound on the effective relativistic degrees of freedom and also estimate the prospects for planned CMB Stage IV experiments to constrain the model further. We find that $W_R$ boson mass below 4.06 TeV can be ruled out from Planck 2018 bound at $2\sigma$ CL in the exact left-right symmetric limit which is equally competitive as the LHC bounds from dijet resonance searches. On the other hand Planck 2018 bound at $1\sigma$ CL can rule out a much larger parameter space out of reach of present direct search experiments, even in the presence of additional relativistic degrees of freedom around the TeV corner. We also study the consequence of these constraints on dark matter in DLRM by considering a right handed real fermion quintuplet to be the dominant dark matter component in the universe., Comment: 29 pages, 8 figures, matches version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

We scrutinise the widely studied minimal scotogenic model of dark matter (DM) and radiative neutrino mass from the requirement of a strong first order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) and observable gravitational waves at future planned space based experiments. The scalar DM scenario is similar to inert scalar doublet extension of standard model where a strong first order EWPT favours a portion of the low mass regime of DM which is disfavoured by the latest direct detection bounds. In the fermion DM scenario, we get newer region of parameter space which favours strong first order EWPT as the restriction on mass ordering within inert scalar doublet gets relaxed. While such leptophilic fermion DM remains safe from stringent direct detection bounds, newly allowed low mass regime of charged scalar can leave tantalising signatures at colliders and can also induce charged lepton flavour violation within reach of future experiments. While we get such new region of parameter space satisfying DM relic, strong first order EWPT with detectable gravitational waves, light neutrino mass and other relevant constraints, we also improve upon previous analysis in similar model by incorporating appropriate resummation effects in effective finite temperature potential., 36 pages, 6 figures, matches version accepted for publication in JCAP

We propose a novel mechanism to realize leptogenesis through the Breit-Wigner resonance of a dark $U(1)_D$ gauge boson $Z_D$, which mediates lepton number violating annihilations of dark matter (DM) in the context of the scotogenic model with a $U(1)_D$. The processes occur out of equilibrium and the DM freezes out lately giving rise to the observed abundance. The CP violation required for leptogenesis can be achieved by the interference between tree-level t-channel scattering of DM and the subsequent 1-loop mediated by $Z_D$, which arises due to the unremovable imaginary part of either the $Z_D$ propagator coming from its self-energy correction or the 1-loop giving rise to the effective coupling of $Z_D\bar{\nu}\nu$., Comment: 15 pages and 5 figures, added 2 References

International audience; The Andaman and Nicobar ophiolites, in the forearc of the western Sunda subduction zone, underwent enigmatic, rapid Cenozoic vertical motions: shallow-water sediments with abundant arc debris characterize the middle Paleocene-middle Eocene and are under-and overlain by significantly deeper sediments. Recent paleomagnetic results revealed a near-equatorial paleolatitude of the West Burma Block and the associated subduction zone, at a similar latitude as the Andaman forearc until the early Eocene, providing a new avenue toward explaining the unusual stratigraphy. Here, we studied the provenance of the clastic sediments of the Andaman-Nicobar accretionary ridge using petrography, geochemistry, and detrital zircon geochronology. We found that the Paleocene-Eocene Namunagarh Grit is likely to be derived from a then proximal, 60 Ma old arc that was likely located in the ocean to the north (present-day east) of the West Burma Block, west of Andaman-Nicobar. The Oligocene-lower Miocene East Andaman Flysch contains West Burma Block debris that traveled much farther and mixed with sediments derived from Sundaland. The West Andaman and Great Nicobar Flysch have an additional Himalayan source consistent with derivation from the downgoing plate. We interpret this history as reflecting the late Paleocene-early Eocene collision of the West Burma Block, likely then part of the Australian Plate, with the Andaman forearc causing uplift and proximal sedimentation shed from the colliding arc. Subsequent northward motion of the West Burma Block caused subsidence of the Andaman forarc and N-S opening of the Andaman Sea, which opened a pathway for Sundaland-derived sediments to reach the Andaman ophiolites. The recently proposed high Cenozoic mobility of the West Burma Block remains to be reconciled in detail with geological observations in Myanmar and Sundaland, but our results show that this scenario provides ample opportunity to explain the previously enigmatic stratigraphic evolution of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

The Indian Ocean region serves as one of the busiest commercial as well as primary energy supply lines in the world. However, the energy traffic in the region is vulnerable to various strategic choke points. Any disruption caused either by sudden incidents or by sustained developments, thus, might create havoc for the entire global energy security. A unique geostrategic position has accrued India certain natural strategic advantages in the Indian Ocean. On the other hand, India depends essentially on the vital maritime energy supply lines in the region. Hence, ensuring the security of the Indian Ocean Region thus becomes India’s natural prerogative. India therefore needs to strategize its national maritime interest in the Indian Ocean as an uninterrupted energy supply is essential for national economic growth. This article seeks to identify the critical aspect of the Indian Ocean maritime supplies in India’s energy security and to find out India’s strategic imperative to that effect.

This study focuses on the evolution of the Central Gneissic Belt of the Archean Rengali Province which evolved as a craton-margin orogenic belt. The Central Gneissic Belt is constituted of charnockite gneiss, migmatitic hornblende gneiss and granite gneiss often showing gradational contacts. While mafic granulite occurs as enclave within the charnockite gneiss, amphibolite and calc-silicate granofels enclaves are present within the granite gneiss. Mafic granulite shows peak metamorphic assemblage of garnet + clinopyroxene + plagioclase + quartz ± orthopyroxene which was stabilized at 10.6 ± 0.5 kbar and 860 ± 20 °C. Charnockite gneiss with the peak assemblage of orthopyroxene + quartz + plagioclase + K-feldspar was metamorphosed at 792 ± 48 °C and 7.6 ± 0.4 kbar. Amphibolite and migmatitic hornblende gneiss contain hornblende along with plagioclase and garnet and these rocks were metamorphosed at 800 ± 20 °C, 8.5 ± 0.2 kbar and 695 °C, 8 kbar respectively. Later meta-dolerite dikes exhibit relic igneous textures which are slightly modified by greenschist-facies metamorphism. Charnockite gneiss, migmatitic hornblende gneiss and granite gneiss show similar trace and REE characteristics (moderate fractionation in terms of La and Yb, LREE enrichment and flat HREE pattern) implying the same protolith composition for these rock groups. Based on the field, petrographic and geochemical data, we propose that the protoliths for the charnockite gneiss, the migmatitic hornblende gneiss and the granite gneiss crystallized as fractionated magma in within-plate syncollisional setting during the ca. 2860–2780 Ma orogeny at the Rengali Province.