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Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVES: This study examines the outcome and procedural outcomes of percutaneous stent angioplasty for aortic coarctation in patients with Turner syndrome (TS). BACKGROUND: TS occurs in 1 in 2,500 live-born females and is associated with aortic coarctation. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, all patients with TS and a coarctation of the aorta, treated with percutaneous stent implantation were included. The procedural strategies were dictated by local protocols. Adverse events at short- and long-term follow-up and qualitative parameters concerning the stent implantation were assessed. RESULTS: In the largest study to date of TS patients receiving aortic stents, a total of 19 patients from 10 centers were included. Twelve patients were treated for native and 7 for recurrent coarctation. Age at intervention was 16.9 (7-60) years (median; min-max). The coarctation diameter increased significantly from 8.0 mm (2-12) pre-intervention to 15.0 mm (10-19) post-intervention (P < 0.001). Three (15.8%) adverse events occurred within 30 days of the procedure, including two dissections despite the use of covered stents, one resulting in death. At long-term follow-up (6.5 years, min-max: 1-16), two additional deaths occurred not known to be stent-related. CONCLUSIONS: Though percutaneous treatment of aortic coarctation in TS patients is effective, it is associated with serious morbidity and mortality. These risks suggest that alternative treatment options should be carefully weighed against percutaneous stenting strategies. (c) 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The central Peloncillo Mountains consist of a broken, faulted arch of precambrian to middle Tertiary extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks overlain to the north and south by middle Teriary and younger extrusive volcanic rocks. Palaeozoic carbonate rocks and Mesozoic clastic rocks with a proportion of carbonates underlie most of the mountains. The Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and the Precambrian granite are intruded and metamorphosed by four groups of igneous rocks: an 8 sq km outcrop at Granite Gap, granite porphyry dikes and sills; finegrained porphyritic to felsitic rhyolite dikes, probably related to the granite porphyry; and quartz-latite porphyry dikes and sills. Contact metamorphic aureoles in the sedimentary rocks surround these dikes and sills and exhibit anomalous concentrations of the trace metals, copper, lead, zinc, silver, molybdenum, bismuth, and tungsten., The central Peloncillo Mountains consist of a broken, faulted arch of precambrian to middle Tertiary extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks and sedimentary rocks overlain to the north and south by middle Teriary and younger extrusive volcanic rocks. Palaeozoic carbonate rocks and Mesozoic clastic rocks with a proportion of carbonates underlie most of the mountains. The Palaeozoic and Mesozoic sedimentary rocks and the Precambrian granite are intruded and metamorphosed by four groups of igneous rocks: an 8 sq km outcrop at Granite Gap, granite porphyry dikes and sills; finegrained porphyritic to felsitic rhyolite dikes, probably related to the granite porphyry; and quartz-latite porphyry dikes and sills. Contact metamorphic aureoles in the sedimentary rocks surround these dikes and sills and exhibit anomalous concentrations of the trace metals, copper, lead, zinc, silver, molybdenum, bismuth, and tungsten.

Of the five host-rock units below the Roberts Mountains thrust, only the Roberts Mountains and Popovich Formations have the mineralogy and porosity which favours gold mineralisation. In both, sediments are typically calcitic dolostones with primary intercrystalline vug porosity, resulting essentially from early diagenetic crystallisation of dolomite in lime muds. An abundance of intercrystalline S-rich carbon has subsequently enhanced its reactivity to the gold-bearing fluids that circulated during the Cretaceous and/or Tertiary. The underlying Hanson Creek Formation consists of arenaceous dolostones, the Bootstrap limestones are well-cemented mudstone-to-ooid shelf carbonates and the Rodeo Creek Unit is a monotonous sequence of chert from a silt-starved anoxic basin., Of the five host-rock units below the Roberts Mountains thrust, only the Roberts Mountains and Popovich Formations have the mineralogy and porosity which favours gold mineralisation. In both, sediments are typically calcitic dolostones with primary intercrystalline vug porosity, resulting essentially from early diagenetic crystallisation of dolomite in lime muds. An abundance of intercrystalline S-rich carbon has subsequently enhanced its reactivity to the gold-bearing fluids that circulated during the Cretaceous and/or Tertiary. The underlying Hanson Creek Formation consists of arenaceous dolostones, the Bootstrap limestones are well-cemented mudstone-to-ooid shelf carbonates and the Rodeo Creek Unit is a monotonous sequence of chert from a silt-starved anoxic basin.

Early deformation in Lower Palaeozoic strata along the site of the future Carlin trend is inferred to have included a dilational jog between two of the major fault strands that constitute the Crescent Valley-Independence Lineament. If a companion NW-striking shear is present, a likely site for it is the trace of the Miocene northern Nevada rift, where a proto-rift may have concentrated right-lateral shear in Lower Palaeozoic rocks. A favourable environment for a new gold trend might therefore be ENE-trending dilational jogs now reflected in horsts near the northern Nevada rift. Palaeozoic rocks were subsequently subjected to Mesozoic E-W shortening and emplacement of plutons and dykes. Tertiary extension is reflected by faults and by tuffs in pull-apart basins., Early deformation in Lower Palaeozoic strata along the site of the future Carlin trend is inferred to have included a dilational jog between two of the major fault strands that constitute the Crescent Valley-Independence Lineament. If a companion NW-striking shear is present, a likely site for it is the trace of the Miocene northern Nevada rift, where a proto-rift may have concentrated right-lateral shear in Lower Palaeozoic rocks. A favourable environment for a new gold trend might therefore be ENE-trending dilational jogs now reflected in horsts near the northern Nevada rift. Palaeozoic rocks were subsequently subjected to Mesozoic E-W shortening and emplacement of plutons and dykes. Tertiary extension is reflected by faults and by tuffs in pull-apart basins.

Four localities within the study area have mineral resource potential: a 3 mile long area on the northwest side of the Nopah Range has moderate resource potential for undiscovered silver; two areas on the southeastern side of the study area have low resource potential for undiscovered silver and lead resources; and finally an area on the east-central side of the range has low resource potential for gold, molybdenum and lead resources., Four localities within the study area have mineral resource potential: a 3 mile long area on the northwest side of the Nopah Range has moderate resource potential for undiscovered silver; two areas on the southeastern side of the study area have low resource potential for undiscovered silver and lead resources; and finally an area on the east-central side of the range has low resource potential for gold, molybdenum and lead resources.

The district contains multiple, nearly horizontal, thrust massess of platform carbonate rocks exposed in a series of N- to NE-elongated tectonic windows through Lower/Middle Palaeozoic Roberts Mountains rocks thrust eastwards at the end of the Devonian. The gold deposits are hosted by tectonically truncated units of Silurian to Devonian are within structural slices of Cambrian to Devonian carbonate rocks. The multiply thrust and folded host rocks are structurally interleaved with Mississippian siliciclastic rocks and overlain by Roberts Mountains siliciclastics. Fluid pathways and deposit locations were controlled by structural and host-rock geometries within specific lithologies. Gold is most common near intersections of NE-striking faults, NW-striking dykes and thrust planes adjacent to permeable stratigraphic horizons. Host units include carbonate sequences that had primary intercrystalline permeability as flow pathways and precipitation sites. Alteration during and prior to mineralisation enhanced permeability by dissolution of calcite and formation of dolomite. Microveinlets and microbrecciation in zones of intense alteration also provided networks of secondary permeability., The district contains multiple, nearly horizontal, thrust massess of platform carbonate rocks exposed in a series of N- to NE-elongated tectonic windows through Lower/Middle Palaeozoic Roberts Mountains rocks thrust eastwards at the end of the Devonian. The gold deposits are hosted by tectonically truncated units of Silurian to Devonian are within structural slices of Cambrian to Devonian carbonate rocks. The multiply thrust and folded host rocks are structurally interleaved with Mississippian siliciclastic rocks and overlain by Roberts Mountains siliciclastics. Fluid pathways and deposit locations were controlled by structural and host-rock geometries within specific lithologies. Gold is most common near intersections of NE-striking faults, NW-striking dykes and thrust planes adjacent to permeable stratigraphic horizons. Host units include carbonate sequences that had primary intercrystalline permeability as flow pathways and precipitation sites. Alteration during and prior to mineralisation enhanced permeability by dissolution of calcite and formation of dolomite. Microveinlets and microbrecciation in zones of intense alteration also provided networks of secondary permeability.

The Quartz prospect, Graham Jem mine, and Jewell Quartz prospect within the study area have identified resources of gold and silver. The area west of Salsberry Peak has low resource potential for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn. An area south of Salsberry Peak in the southeast part of the study area has a low resource potential for Zn. The Calico Peaks locality northeast of Epaulet Peak in the north central part of the study area has a low resource potential for Pb and Cu. An area of low potential for Pb was delineated north of Epaulet Peak. The resource potential for nonmetallic boron-bearing minerals is low in the study area despite their presence 25 miles to the north in Greenwater Valley., The Quartz prospect, Graham Jem mine, and Jewell Quartz prospect within the study area have identified resources of gold and silver. The area west of Salsberry Peak has low resource potential for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn. An area south of Salsberry Peak in the southeast part of the study area has a low resource potential for Zn. The Calico Peaks locality northeast of Epaulet Peak in the north central part of the study area has a low resource potential for Pb and Cu. An area of low potential for Pb was delineated north of Epaulet Peak. The resource potential for nonmetallic boron-bearing minerals is low in the study area despite their presence 25 miles to the north in Greenwater Valley.