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In the June of 2009 central Europe witnessed a rampant rainfall spell that spread across populated areas of the country. High-intensity rainfall caused 3000+ landslides in the southeastern Austrian state of Styria, and property damages worth €10 Million. Elsewhere in Austria, flooding amounted to reparations worth €40 Million. Numerous synoptic-scale studies indicated the presence of a cut-off low over central Europe and excessive moisture convergence behind the extreme event. In a warmer climate change scenario, such an extreme precipitation event may manifest into a more intense event due to the higher water holding capacity of air with increased temperatures, but this reasoning may not be so straightforward considering the complex physics of precipitation, more so in a topographically heterogeneous region such as the GAR (Greater Alpine Region).The flooding and landslides caused in the region raise an alarm and thus motivate this study whereby we investigate if the rainfall event did become stronger with time due to climate change compared to how it would have been in a counterfactual (climate change free) past. Here we have deployed the CCLM high-resolution regional model coupled with a statistical landslide model to simulate this event (rainfall and landslides) in a pseudo (surrogate) warming scenario. A marked decrease in rainfall intensity is observed in the simulations for a 1 K cooler climate (pre-industrial past) and the consequent landslide risk could reduce by up to 20%. In the future, depending on the changes in rainfall and soil moisture, the area affected during a 2009-type event could grow by 45% at 4 K global warming, although a slight reduction is also possible.In this novel event-based study, we discuss the results from the lens of attribution perspective - how conditional attribution is much more useful compared to the conventional risk-based approach of attributing extreme events. We develop physical storylines to address the increasing risks of landslides in the region.

Abomasal ulcers are common in cattle, especially in calves, and to date, there is no reliable antemortem method for diagnosis, to our knowledge. We assessed if measuring sucrose in blood after oral administration in calves could be used to identify animals with abomasal ulcers. Terminally ill calves ( n = 12; part A) and calves designated for slaughter ( n = 123; part B) were given a sucrose solution per os, and blood samples were taken 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min (part A) or 30 and 60 min (part B) after administration. The calves were then euthanized or slaughtered, and their abomasa were examined. Serum samples were analyzed using highperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and data were analyzed using general linear mixed models. Calves both with and without affected abomasa had increasing sucrose values over time without significant differences. Also, there was no relationship between the size of the mucosal lesion and sucrose values.