165 results on '"Armen Sedrakian"'
Search Results
2. Impact of Multiple Phase Transitions in Dense QCD on Compact Stars
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Armen Sedrakian
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QCD matter ,phase diagram ,compact stars ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
This review covers several recent developments in the physics of dense QCD with an emphasis on the impact of multiple phase transitions on astrophysical manifestations of compact stars. To motivate the multi-phase modeling of dense QCD and delineate the perspectives, we start with a discussion of the structure of its phase diagram and the arrangement of possible color-superconducting and other phases. It is conjectured that pair-correlated quark matter in β-equilibrium is within the same universality class as spin-imbalanced cold atoms and the isospin asymmetrical nucleonic matter. This then implies the emergence of phases with broken space symmetries and tri-critical (Lifshitz) points. The beyond-mean-field structure of the quark propagator and its non-trivial implications are discussed in the cases of two- and three-flavor quark matter within the Eliashberg theory, which takes into account the frequency dependence (retardation) of the gap function. We then construct an equation of state (EoS) that extends the two-phase EoS of dense quark matter within the constant speed of sound parameterization by adding a conformal fluid with a speed of sound cconf.=1/3 at densities ≥10nsat, where nsat is the saturation density. With this input, we construct static, spherically symmetrical compact hybrid stars in the mass–radius diagram, recover such features as the twins and triplets, and show that the transition to conformal fluid leads to the spiraling-in of the tracks in this diagram. Stars on the spirals are classically unstable with respect to the radial oscillations but can be stabilized if the conversion timescale between quark and nucleonic phases at their interface is larger than the oscillation period. Finally, we review the impact of a transition from high-temperature gapped to low-temperature gapless two-flavor phase on the thermal evolution of hybrid stars.
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- 2023
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3. Baryonic models of ultra-low-mass compact stars for the central compact object in HESS J1731-347
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Jia Jie Li and Armen Sedrakian
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Equation of state ,Heavy baryons ,Compact stars ,Supernova remnant ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The recent attempt on mass and radius inference of the central compact object within the supernova remnant HESS J1731-347 suggests for this object an unusually low mass of M=0.77−0.17+0.20M⊙ and a small radius of R=10.4−0.78+0.86km. We explore the ways such a result can be accommodated within models of dense matter with heavy baryonic degrees of freedom which are constrained by the multi-messenger observations. We find that to do so using only purely nucleonic models, one needs to assume a rather small value of the slope of symmetry energy Lsym. Once heavy baryons are included higher values of the slope Lsym become acceptable at the cost of a slightly reduced maximum mass of static configuration. These two scenarios are distinguished by the particle composition and will undergo different cooling scenarios. In addition, we show that the universalities of the I-Love-Q relations for static configurations can be extended to very low masses without loss in their accuracy.
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- 2023
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4. Bulk Viscosity of Relativistic npeμ Matter in Neutron-Star Mergers
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Mark Alford, Arus Harutyunyan, and Armen Sedrakian
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bulk viscosity ,weak processes ,npeμ matter ,binary neutron star mergers ,damping of density oscillations ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
We discuss the bulk viscosity of hot and dense npeμ matter arising from weak-interaction direct Urca processes. We consider two regimes of interest: (a) the neutrino-transparent regime with T≤Ttr (Ttr≃5÷10 MeV is the neutrino-trapping temperature); and (b) the neutrino-trapped regime with T≥Ttr. Nuclear matter is modeled in relativistic density functional approach with density-dependent parametrization DDME2. The maximum of the bulk viscosity is achieved at temperatures T≃5÷6 MeV in the neutrino-transparent regime, then it drops rapidly at higher temperatures where neutrino-trapping occurs. As an astrophysical application, we estimate the damping timescales of density oscillations by the bulk viscosity in neutron star mergers and find that, e.g., at the oscillation frequency f=10 kHz, the damping will be very efficient at temperatures 4≤T≤7 MeV where the bulk viscosity might affect the evolution of the post-merger object.
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- 2022
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5. Hybrid Star Models in the Light of New Multimessenger Data
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Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Mark Alford
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Compact objects ,Neutron stars ,Nuclear astrophysics ,High energy astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
Recent astrophysical mass inferences of compact stars HESS J1731-347 and PSR J0952-0607, with extremely small and large masses respectively, as well as the measurement of the neutron skin of Ca in the CREX experiment challenge and constrain the models of dense matter. We examine the concept of hybrid stars—objects containing quark cores surrounded by nucleonic envelopes—as models that account for these new data along with other inferences. We employ a family of 81 nucleonic equations of state (EOSs) with variable skewness and slope of symmetry energy at saturation density and a constant speed-of-sound EOS for quark matter. For each nucleonic EOS, a family of hybrid EOSs is generated by varying the transition density, the energy jump, and the speed of sound. These models are tested against the data from GW170817 and J1731-347, which favor low-density soft EOS and J0592-0607 and J0740+6620, which require high-density stiff EOS. The addition of J0592-0607's mass measurement to the constraints has no significant impact on the parameter space of the admissible EOS, but allows us to explore the potential effect of pulsars more massive than J0740+6620, if such exists. We then examine the occurrence of twin configurations and quantify the ranges of masses and radii that they can possess. It is shown that including J1731-347 data favors EOSs that predict low-mass twins with M ≲ 1.3 M _⊙ that can be realized if the deconfinement transition density is low. If combined with large speed of sound in quark matter such models allow for maximum masses of hybrid stars in 2.0–2.6 M _⊙ .
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- 2024
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6. Massive relativistic compact stars from SU(3) symmetric quark models
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Han Rui Fu, Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Fridolin Weber
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Equation of state ,Hyperonic stars ,Rapid rotation ,Gravitational wave events ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
We construct a set of hyperonic equations of state (EoS) by assuming SU(3) symmetry within the baryon octet and by using a covariant density functional (CDF) theory approach. The low-density regions of our EoS are constrained by terrestrial experiments, while the high-density regime is modeled by systematically varying the nuclear matter skewness coefficient Qsat and the symmetry energy slope Lsym. The sensitivity of the EoS predictions is explored in terms of z parameter of the SU(3) symmetric model that modifies the meson-hyperon coupling constants away from their SU(6) symmetric values. Our results show that model EoS based on our approach can support static Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkof (TOV) masses in the range 2.3-2.5M⊙ in the large-Qsat and small-z regime, however, such stars contain only a trace amount of hyperons compared to SU(6) models. We also construct uniformly rotating Keplerian configurations for our model EoS for which the masses of stellar sequences may reach up to 3.0M⊙. These results are used to explore the systematic dependence of the ratio of maximum masses of rotating and static stars, the lower bound on the rotational frequency of the models that will allow secondary masses in the gravitational waves events to be compact stars with M2≲3.0M⊙ and the strangeness fraction on the model parameters. We conclude that very massive stellar models can be, in principle, constructed within the SU(3) symmetric model, however, they are nucleonic-like as their strangeness fraction drops below 3%.
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- 2022
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7. Phenomenological Relativistic Second-Order Hydrodynamics for Multiflavor Fluids
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Arus Harutyunyan and Armen Sedrakian
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relatavistic fluid dynamics ,transport coefficients ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this work, we perform a phenomenological derivation of the first- and second-order relativistic hydrodynamics of dissipative fluids. To set the stage, we start with a review of the ideal relativistic hydrodynamics from energy–momentum and particle number conservation equations. We then go on to discuss the matching conditions to local thermodynamical equilibrium, symmetries of the energy–momentum tensor, decomposition of dissipative processes according to their Lorentz structure, and, finally, the definition of the fluid velocity in the Landau and Eckart frames. With this preparatory work, we first formulate the first-order (Navier–Stokes) relativistic hydrodynamics from the entropy flow equation, keeping only the first-order gradients of thermodynamical forces. A generalized form of diffusion terms is found with a matrix of diffusion coefficients describing the relative diffusion between various flavors. The procedure of finding the dissipative terms is then extended to the second order to obtain the most general form of dissipative function for multiflavor systems up to the second order in dissipative fluxes. The dissipative function now includes in addition to the usual second-order transport coefficients of Israel–Stewart theory also second-order diffusion between different flavors. The relaxation-type equations of second-order hydrodynamics are found from the requirement of positivity of the dissipation function, which features the finite relaxation times of various dissipative processes that guarantee the causality and stability of the fluid dynamics. These equations contain a complete set of nonlinear terms in the thermodynamic gradients and dissipative fluxes arising from the entropy current, which are not present in the conventional Israel–Stewart theory.
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- 2023
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8. Equation of State of Strongly Magnetized Matter with Hyperons and Δ-Resonances
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Vivek Baruah Thapa, Monika Sinha, Jia Jie Li, and Armen Sedrakian
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neutron stars ,magnetic fields ,equation of state ,hyperons ,resonances ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
We construct a new equation of state for the baryonic matter under an intense magnetic field within the framework of covariant density functional theory. The composition of matter includes hyperons as well as Δ-resonances. The extension of the nucleonic functional to the hypernuclear sector is constrained by the experimental data on Λ and Ξ-hypernuclei. We find that the equation of state stiffens with the inclusion of the magnetic field, which increases the maximum mass of neutron star compared to the non-magnetic case. In addition, the strangeness fraction in the matter is enhanced. Several observables, like the Dirac effective mass, particle abundances, etc. show typical oscillatory behavior as a function of the magnetic field and/or density which is traced back to the occupation pattern of Landau levels.
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- 2020
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9. Bulk Viscous Damping of Density Oscillations in Neutron Star Mergers
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Mark Alford, Arus Harutyunyan, and Armen Sedrakian
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Urca processes ,bulk viscosity ,neutrino-trapping ,density oscillations ,neutron star mergers ,dissipation ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the damping of density oscillations in dense nuclear matter in the temperature range relevant to neutron star mergers. This damping is due to bulk viscosity arising from the weak interaction “Urca” processes of neutron decay and electron capture. The nuclear matter is modelled in the relativistic density functional approach. The bulk viscosity reaches a resonant maximum close to the neutrino trapping temperature, then drops rapidly as temperature rises into the range where neutrinos are trapped in neutron stars. We investigate the bulk viscous dissipation timescales in a post-merger object and identify regimes where these timescales are as short as the characteristic timescale ∼10 ms, and, therefore, might affect the evolution of the post-merger object. Our analysis indicates that bulk viscous damping would be important at not too high temperatures of the order of a few MeV and densities up to a few times saturation density.
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- 2020
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10. New Covariant Density Functionals of Nuclear Matter for Compact Star Simulations
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Jia-Jie Li and Armen Sedrakian
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High energy astrophysics ,Neutron star cores ,Nuclear astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
We generate three families of extended covariant density functionals of nuclear matter that have varying slope of symmetry energy and skewness at nuclear saturation density, but otherwise share the same basic parameters (symmetry energy, compressibility, saturation parameters, etc.) with the standard DDME2, DD2, and MPE functionals. Tables of the parameters of these new density functionals are given, which can be straightforwardly used in DDME2, DD2, and MPE parameterization-based codes. Furthermore, we provide tables of a large number of equations of state (81 for each family) that can be used in astrophysical simulations to assess the impact of variations of the not-well-known slope of symmetry energy and skewness of nuclear systems on the astrophysics of compact objects. We also provide tables of computed integral parameters (mass, radius, and tidal deformability) that can be used, e.g., for modeling gravitational waveforms. Finally, for the extended DDME2-based parameterization, we implement a first-order phase transition to quark matter to obtain a family of equations of state that accommodates a phase transition to quark matter. Analogous tables of the equations of state and integral parameters are provided for this case as well.
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- 2023
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11. Relativistic Hybrid Stars with Sequential First-order Phase Transitions in Light of Multimessenger Constraints
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Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Mark Alford
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Neutron stars ,Neutron star cores ,Nuclear astrophysics ,High energy astrophysics ,Gravitational wave astronomy ,Astrophysics ,QB460-466 - Abstract
In this work, we consider the properties of compact stars in which quark matter has low- and high-density phases that are separated by a first-order phase transition. Thus, unlike the commonly considered case of a single phase transition from hadronic to quark matter, our models of hybrid stars contain sequential phase transitions from hadronic matter to low- and then to high-density quark matter phases. We extend our previous study of the parameter space of hybrid stars with a single phase transition to those with sequential phase transitions, taking into account the constraints on the mass and radius of neutron stars from the NICER experiment, the experimental inferences of the neutron skin thickness of the lead nucleus by the PREX-II experiment, and constraints on the tidal deformability from the gravitational-wave event GW170817. We determine the range of the masses for which both twin and triplet configurations, i.e., identical-mass stars with two and three different values of radii, arise.
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- 2023
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12. Rapidly rotating Δ-resonance-admixed hypernuclear compact stars
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Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Fridolin Weber
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Equation of state ,Heavy baryons ,Compact stars ,Rapid rotation ,Gravitational waves ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
We use a set of hadronic equations of state derived from covariant density functional theory to study the impact of their high-density behavior on the properties of rapidly rotating Δ-resonance-admixed hyperonic compact stars. In particular, we explore systematically the effects of variations of the bulk energy isoscalar skewness, Qsat, and the symmetry energy slope, Lsym, on the masses of rapidly rotating compact stars. With models for equation of state satisfying all the modern astrophysical constraints, excessively large gravitational masses of around 2.5M⊙ are only obtained under three conditions: (a) strongly attractive Δ-resonance potential in nuclear matter, (b) maximally fast (Keplerian) rotation, and (c) parameter ranges Qsat≳500 MeV and Lsym≲50 MeV. These values of Qsat and Lsym have a rather small overlap with a large sample (total of about 260) parametrizations of covariant nucleonic density functionals. The extreme nature of requirements (a)-(c) reinforces the theoretical expectation that the secondary object involved in the GW190814 event is likely to be a low-mass black hole rather than a supramassive neutron star.
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- 2020
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13. Color superconductivity from the chiral quark–meson model
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Armen Sedrakian, Ralf-Arno Tripolt, and Jochen Wambach
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
We study the two-flavor color superconductivity of low-temperature quark matter in the vicinity of chiral phase transition in the quark–meson model where the interactions between quarks are generated by pion and sigma exchanges. Starting from the Nambu–Gorkov propagator in real-time formulation we obtain finite temperature (real axis) Eliashberg-type equations for the quark self-energies (gap functions) in terms of the in-medium spectral function of mesons. Exact numerical solutions of the coupled nonlinear integral equations for the real and imaginary parts of the gap function are obtained in the zero temperature limit using a model input spectral function. We find that these components of the gap display a complicated structure with the real part being strongly suppressed above 2Δ0, where Δ0 is its on-shell value. We find Δ0≃40MeV close to the chiral phase transition. Keywords: Models of QCD, Phase diagram of dense matter, Color superconductivity
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- 2018
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14. Editorial for the Special Issue 'The Modern Physics of Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity 2017'
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Armen Sedrakian
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n/a ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
This Special Issue arose from the presentations of the authors at the international conference “The Modern Physics of Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity 2017” https://indico [...]
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- 2019
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15. Particles —First 100 Papers Milestone Achieved
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Armen Sedrakian
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n/a ,Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,QC770-798 - Abstract
Particles (ISSN 2571-712X), which is a peer-reviewed, open access journal launched in 2018, has now reached a significant milestone—the 100th paper has been published [...]
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- 2021
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16. Equation of State and Composition of Proto-Neutron Stars and Merger Remnants with Hyperons
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Armen Sedrakian and Arus Harutyunyan
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equation of state ,neutron stars ,neutrinos ,hyperons ,Elementary particle physics ,QC793-793.5 - Abstract
Finite-temperature equation of state (EoS) and the composition of dense nuclear and hypernuclear matter under conditions characteristic of neutron star binary merger remnants and supernovas are discussed. We consider both neutrino free-streaming and trapped regimes which are separated by a temperature of a few MeV. The formalism is based on covariant density functional (CDF) theory for the full baryon octet with density-dependent couplings, suitably adjusted in the hypernuclear sector. The softening of the EoS with the introduction of the hyperons is quantified under various conditions of lepton fractions and temperatures. We find that Λ, Ξ−, and Ξ0 hyperons appear in the given order with a sharp density increase at zero temperature at the threshold being replaced by an extended increment over a wide density range at high temperatures. The Λ hyperon survives in the deep subnuclear regime. The triplet of Σs is suppressed in cold hypernuclear matter up to around seven times the nuclear saturation density, but appears in significant fractions at higher temperatures, T≥20 MeV, in both supernova and merger remnant matter. We point out that a special isospin degeneracy point exists where the baryon abundances within each of the three isospin multiplets are equal to each other as a result of (approximate) isospin symmetry. At that point, the charge chemical potential of the system vanishes. We find that under the merger remnant conditions, the fractions of electron and μ-on neutrinos are close and are about 1%, whereas in the supernova case, we only find a significant fraction (∼10%) of electron neutrinos, given that in this case, the μ-on lepton number is zero.
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- 2021
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17. Cooling of hypernuclear compact stars: Hartree–Fock models and high-density pairing
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Adriana R Raduta, Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Fridolin Weber
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- 2019
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18. Universal relations for rapidly rotating cold and hot hybrid stars
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Noshad Khosravi Largani, Tobias Fischer, Armen Sedrakian, Mateusz Cierniak, David E Alvarez-Castillo, and David B Blaschke
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear Theory ,Space and Planetary Science ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Several global parameters of compact stars are related via empirical relations, which are (nearly) independent of the underlying equation of state (EoS) of dense matter and, therefore, are said to be universal. We investigate the universality of relations that express the maximum mass and the radius of non-rotating and maximally rapidly rotating configurations, as well as their moment of inertia, in terms of the compactness of the star. For this, we first utilize a collection of cold (zero-temperature) and hot (isentropic) nucleonic EoS and confirm that the universal relations are holding for our collection of EoS. We then go on, to add to our collection and test for the same universality models of EoS that admit a strong first-order phase transition from nucleonic to deconfined quark matter. Also in this case we find that the universal relations hold, in particular for hot, isentropic hybrid stars. By fitting the universal relations to our computed data, we determine the coefficients entering these relations and the accuracy to which they hold., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, published in MNRAS, Vol. 515, p. 3539 (2022)
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- 2022
19. Superconductivity and superfluidity in neutron stars
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Armen Sedrakian and John W. Clark
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- 2023
20. Two first-order phase transitions in hybrid compact stars: higher-order multiplet stars, reaction modes and intermediate conversion speeds
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Peter B. Rau and Armen Sedrakian
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We study compact stars with hybrid equations of state consisting of a nuclear outer region and two nested quark phases, each separated from the lower density phase by a strong first-order phase transition. The stability of these models is determined by calculating their radial oscillation modes with different conversion rates between adjacent phases and hence junction conditions for the modes at the phase separation interface between them. In the case when the timescale of transition is faster than the period of oscillations, we recover the traditional stability criterion implying that $\partial M/\partial\rho_c>0$ on the stable branch(es), where $M$ is the mass and $\rho_c$ is the central density. In the opposite limit of slow conversion, we find stable stellar multiplets beyond triplets consisting of stars that are stable by the usual criterion plus slow-conversion (denoted by $s$) hybrid stars with $\partial M/\partial\rho_c, Comment: 11 pages, 14 figures
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- 2022
21. Heavy Baryons in Compact Stars
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Armen Sedrakian, Jia Jie Li, and Fridolin Weber
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Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) - Abstract
We review the physics of hyperons and $\Delta$-resonances in dense matter in compact stars. The covariant density functional approach to the equation of state and composition of dense nuclear matter in the mean-field Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximation is presented, with regimes covering cold $\beta$-equilibrated matter, hot and dense matter with and without neutrinos relevant for the description of supernovas and binary neutron star mergers, as well as dilute expanding nuclear matter in collision experiments. We discuss the static properties of compact stars with hyperons and $\Delta$-resonances in light of constraints placed in recent years by the multimessenger astrophysics of compact stars on the compact stars' masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities. The effects of kaon condensation and strong magnetic fields on the composition of hypernuclear stars are also discussed. The properties of rapidly rotating compact hypernuclear stars are discussed and confronted with the observations of 2.5-2.8 solar mass compact objects in gravitational wave events. We further discuss the cooling of hypernuclear stars, the neutrino emission reactions, hyperonic pairing, and the mass hierarchy in the cooling curves that arises due to the onset of hyperons. The effects of hyperons and $\Delta$-resonances on the equation of state of hot nuclear matter in the dense regime, relevant for the transient astrophysical event and in the dilute regime relevant to the collider physics is discussed. The review closes with a discussion of universal relations among the integral parameters of hot and cold hypernuclear stars and their implications for the analysis of binary neutron star merger events., Comment: v3 and v2: 79 pages, 26 figures, final version (minor changes and additions, typos corrected). v1: 76 pages, 26 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2105.14050
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- 2022
22. Hyperonization in Compact Stars
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Armen Sedrakian, Jia-Jie Li, and Fridolin Weber
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- 2022
23. Erratum: Relativistic hybrid stars in light of the NICER PSR J0740+6620 radius measurement [Phys. Rev. D 104 , 121302 (2021)]
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Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Mark Alford
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- 2022
24. Equation of State of Strongly Magnetized Matter With Hyperons and Δ-Resonances
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Armen Sedrakian, Jia Jie Li, Vivek Baruah Thapa, and Monika Sinha
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Nuclear Theory ,resonances ,Strangeness ,magnetic fields ,01 natural sciences ,neutron stars ,Effective mass (solid-state physics) ,0103 physical sciences ,ddc:530 ,lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity ,Nuclear Experiment ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,equation of state ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Observable ,Landau quantization ,Magnetic field ,Baryon ,Neutron star ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,hyperons ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Quantum electrodynamics ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,lcsh:QC770-798 ,Density functional theory ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We construct a new equation of state for the baryonic matter under an intense magnetic field within the framework of covariant density functional theory. The composition of matter includes hyperons as well as &Delta, resonances. The extension of the nucleonic functional to the hypernuclear sector is constrained by the experimental data on &Lambda, and &Xi, hypernuclei. We find that the equation of state stiffens with the inclusion of the magnetic field, which increases the maximum mass of neutron star compared to the non-magnetic case. In addition, the strangeness fraction in the matter is enhanced. Several observables, like the Dirac effective mass, particle abundances, etc. show typical oscillatory behavior as a function of the magnetic field and/or density which is traced back to the occupation pattern of Landau levels.
- Published
- 2020
25. Ultracompact hybrid stars consistent with multimessenger astrophysics
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Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Mark Alford
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
In this work, we consider the consequences of phase transition in dense QCD on the properties of compact stars and implications for the observational program in gravitational wave and X-ray astrophysics. The key underlying assumption of our modeling is a strong first-order phase transition past the point where the hadronic branch of compact stars reaches the two-solar mass limit. Our analysis predicts ultracompact stars with very small radii - in the range of 6-9 km - living on compact star sequences that are entirely consistent with the current multimessenger data. We show that sequences featuring two-solar mass hadronic stars consistent with radio-pulsar observations are also consistent with the inferences of large radii for massive neutron stars by NICER X-ray observations of neutron stars and the small radii predicted by gravitational waves analysis of the binary neutron star inspiral event GW170817 for our models that feature a strong first-order QCD phase transition., Comment: v2: matches published version, 6 pages, 5 figures
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- 2022
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26. Dense Matter in Strong Magnetic Field: Covariant Density Functional Approach
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Vivek Baruah Thapa, Monika Sinha, Jia Jie Li, and Armen Sedrakian
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- 2022
27. Bulk Viscosity of Relativistic $npeμ$ Matter in Neutron-Star Mergers
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Mark Alford, Arus Harutyunyan, and Armen Sedrakian
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High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear Theory ,bulk viscosity ,weak processes ,npeμ matter ,binary neutron star mergers ,damping of density oscillations ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Medicine ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We discuss the bulk viscosity of hot and dense $npe\mu$ matter arising from weak-interaction direct Urca processes. We consider two regimes of interest: (a) the neutrino-transparent regime with $T\leq T_{\rm tr}$ ($T_{\rm tr}\simeq 5\div 10$ MeV is the neutrino-trapping temperature); and (b) the neutrino-trapped regime with $T\geq T_{\rm tr}$. Nuclear matter is modeled in relativistic density functional approach with density-dependent parametrization DDME2. The maximum of the bulk viscosity is achieved at temperatures $T \simeq 5\div 6$ MeV in the neutrino-transparent regime, then it drops rapidly at higher temperatures where neutrino-trapping occurs. As an astrophysical application, we estimate the damping timescales of density oscillations by the bulk viscosity in neutron star mergers and find that, e.g., at the oscillation frequency $f=10$ kHz, the damping will be very efficient at temperatures $4\leq T\leq 7$ MeV where the bulk viscosity might affect the evolution of the post-merger object., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures, matches published version
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- 2022
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28. Relativistic hybrid stars in light of the NICER PSR J0740+6620 radius measurement
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Jia Jie Li, Armen Sedrakian, and Mark Alford
- Published
- 2021
29. Bulk viscosity from Urca processes: npeμ matter in the neutrino-trapped regime
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Arus Harutyunyan, Mark G. Alford, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,Proton ,Volume viscosity ,Nuclear matter ,Nuclear physics ,Neutron star ,Supernova ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutron ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Lepton - Abstract
In this work, we extend our previous study of the bulk viscosity of hot and dense $npe$ matter induced by the Urca processes in the neutrino trapped regime to $npe\mu$ matter by adding the muonic Urca processes as well as the purely leptonic electroweak processes involving electron-muon transition. The nuclear matter is modeled in a relativistic density functional approach with two different parametrizations which predict neutrino dominated matter (DDME2 model) and antineutrino dominated matter (NL3 model) at temperatures for which neutrinos/antineutrinos are trapped. In the case of neutrino-dominated matter, the main equilibration mechanism is lepton capture, whereas in the case of antineutrino-dominated matter this is due to neutron decay. We find that the equilibration rates of Urca processes are higher than that of the pure leptonic processes, which implies that the Urca-process-driven bulk viscosity can be computed with the leptonic reactions assumed to be frozen. We find that the bulk viscosity decreases with temperature as $\zeta\sim T^{-2}$ at moderate temperatures. At high temperatures this scaling breaks down by sharp drops of the bulk viscosity close to the temperature where the proton fraction is density-independent and the matter becomes scale-invariant. This occurs also when the matter undergoes a transition from the antineutrino-dominated regime to the neutrino-dominated regime where the bulk viscosity attains a local maximum. We also estimate the bulk viscous dissipation timescales and find that these are in the range $\gtrsim$ 1 s for temperatures above the neutrino trapping temperature. These timescales would be relevant only for long-lived objects formed in binary neutron star mergers and hot proto-neutron stars formed in core-collapse supernovas., Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures
- Published
- 2021
30. Relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics from Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator
- Author
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Arus Harutyunyan, Armen Sedrakian, and Dirk Rischke
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,High Energy Physics - Theory ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th) ,Nuclear Theory ,General Physics and Astronomy ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We present a new derivation of relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics for quantum systems using Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical-operator formalism. This is achieved by a systematic expansion of the energy-momentum tensor and the charge current to second order in deviations from equilibrium. As a concrete example, we obtain the relaxation equations for the shear-stress tensor, the bulk-viscous pressure, and the charge-diffusion currents required to close the set of equations of motion for relativistic second-order dissipative hydrodynamics. We also identify new transport coefficients which describe the relaxation of dissipative processes to second order and express them in terms of equilibrium correlation functions, thus establishing new Kubo-type formulas for second-order transport coefficients., 54 pages
- Published
- 2021
31. Equation of State and Composition of Proto-Neutron Stars and Merger Remnants with Hyperons
- Author
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Arus Harutyunyan and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Equation of state ,Nuclear Theory ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,MathematicsofComputing_GENERAL ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Physics and Astronomy ,QC793-793.5 ,Computer Science::Digital Libraries ,neutron stars ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,equation of state ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Hyperon ,neutrinos ,Elementary particle physics ,Lepton number ,Baryon ,Neutron star ,hyperons ,TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES ,Isospin ,Computer Science::Programming Languages ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Lepton - Abstract
Finite-temperature equation of state (EoS) and the composition of dense nuclear and hypernuclear matter under conditions characteristic of neutron star binary merger remnants and supernovas are discussed. We consider both neutrino free-streaming and trapped regimes which are separated by a temperature of a few MeV. The formalism is based on covariant density functional (CDF) theory for the full baryon octet with density-dependent couplings, suitably adjusted in the hypernuclear sector. The softening of the EoS with the introduction of the hyperons is quantified under various conditions of lepton fractions and temperatures. We find that $\Lambda$, $\Xi^-$, and $\Xi^0$ hyperons appear in the given order with a sharp density increase at zero temperature at the threshold being replaced by an extended increment over a wide density range at high temperatures. The $\Lambda$ hyperon survives in the deep subnuclear regime. The triplet of $\Sigma$s is suppressed in cold hypernuclear matter up to around seven times the nuclear saturation density, but appears in significant fractions at higher temperatures, $T\geq 20$ MeV, in both supernova and merger remnant matter. We point out that a special isospin degeneracy point exists where the baryon abundances within each of the three isospin multiplets are equal to each other as a result of (approximate) isospin symmetry. At that point, the charge chemical potential of the system vanishes. We find that under the merger remnant conditions, the fractions of electron and $\mu$-on neutrinos are close and are about 1\%, whereas in the supernova case, we only find a significant fraction ($\sim$10\%) of electron neutrinos, given that in this case, the $\mu$-on lepton number is zero., Comment: v2: 16 pages, 7 figure, minor clarifications, matches published version. v1: 17 pages, 6 figures, submitted to "Universe"
- Published
- 2021
32. Pairing In Fermionic Systems: Basic Concepts And Modern Applications: Basic Concepts and Modern Applications
- Author
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Armen Sedrakian, Mark G Alford, John W Clark and Armen Sedrakian, Mark G Alford, John W Clark
- Published
- 2006
33. Massive $\Delta$-resonance admixed hypernuclear stars with anti-kaon condensations
- Author
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Jia Jie Li, Vivek Baruah Thapa, Monika Sinha, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Physics ,Phase transition ,Particle physics ,Meson ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Equation of state (cosmology) ,Scattering ,Nuclear Theory ,Hyperon ,Nuclear matter ,Lambda ,01 natural sciences ,Resonance (particle physics) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,0103 physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
In this work, we study the effect of (anti)kaon condensation on the properties of compact stars that develop hypernuclear cores with and without an admixture of $\Delta$-resonances. We work within the covariant density functional theory with the parameters adjusted to $K$-atomic and kaon-nucleon scattering data in the kaonic sector. The density-dependent parameters in the hyperonic sector are adjusted to the data on $\Lambda$ and $\Xi^-$ hypernuclei data. The $\Delta$-resonance couplings are tuned to the data obtained from their scattering off nuclei and heavy-ion collision experiments. We find that (anti)kaon condensate leads to a softening of the equation of state and lower maximum masses of compact stars than in the absence of the condensate. Both the $K^-$ and $\bar K^0$-condensations occur through a second-order phase transition, which implies no mixed-phase formation. For large values of (anti)kaon and $\Delta$-resonance potentials in symmetric nuclear matter, we observe that condensation leads to an extinction of $ \Xi^{-,0}$ hyperons. We also investigate the influence of inclusion of additional hidden-strangeness $\sigma^{*}$ meson in the functional and find that it leads to a substantial softening of the equation of state and delay in the onset of (anti)kaons., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
- Published
- 2021
34. Unstable modes of hypermassive compact stars driven by viscosity and gravitational radiation
- Author
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Armen Sedrakian and Peter B. Rau
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Mechanics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Radiation ,Rotation ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Spherical model ,Viscosity ,Stars ,Neutron star ,Space and Planetary Science ,Compressibility ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
We study the oscillations modes of differential rotating remnants of binary neutron star inspirals by modeling them as incompressible Riemann ellipsoids parametrized by the ratio $f$ of their internal circulation to the rotation frequency. The effects of viscosity and gravitational wave radiation on the modes are studied and it is shown that these bodies exhibit generic instabilities towards gravitational wave radiation akin to the Chandrasekhar--Friedman--Schutz instabilities for uniformly rotating stars. The odd-parity modes are unstable for all values of $f$ (except for the spherical model) and deformations, whereas the even parity unstable modes appear only in highly eccentric ellipsoids. We quantify the modification of the modes with varying mass of the model and the magnitude of the viscosity. The modes are weakly dependent on the range of the masses relevant to the binary neutron star mergers. Large turbulent viscosity can lead to a suppression of the gravitational wave instabilities, whereas kinematical viscosity has a negligible influence on the modes and their damping timescales., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. Submitted to MNRAS
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Maximum mass of compact stars from gravitational wave events with finite-temperature equations of state
- Author
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Sanika Khadkikar, Micaela Oertel, Adriana R. Raduta, Armen Sedrakian, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)
- Subjects
Equation of state ,Nuclear Theory ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,Star (game theory) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Compact star ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Black hole ,Baryon ,Stars ,Neutron star ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,[PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph] - Abstract
We conjecture and verify a set of universal relations between global parameters of hot and fast-rotating compact stars, including a relation connecting the masses of the mass-shedding (Kepler) and static configurations. We apply these relations to the GW170817 event by adopting the scenario in which a hypermassive compact star remnant formed in a merger evolves into a supramassive compact star that collapses into a black hole once the stability line for such stars is crossed. We deduce an upper limit on the maximum mass of static, cold neutron stars $ 2.15^{+0.10}_{-0.07}\le M^\star_{\mathrm{TOV}} \le 2.24^{+0.12}_{-0.10} $ for the typical range of entropy per baryon $2 \le S/A \le 3$ and electron fraction $Y_e = 0.1$ characterizing the hot hypermassive star. Our result implies that accounting for the finite temperature of the merger remnant relaxes previously derived constraints on the value of the maximum mass of a cold, static compact star., Comment: 17 pages, 11 figures
- Published
- 2021
36. Oscillations of hypermassive compact stars with gravitational radiation and viscosity
- Author
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Armen Sedrakian and Peter B. Rau
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Gravitational wave ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics ,Dissipation ,Radiation ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Neutron star ,Viscosity ,Stars ,Orders of magnitude (time) ,Space and Planetary Science ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Event (particle physics) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Binary neutron star mergers, such as the multimessenger GW170817 event, may produce hypermassive compact objects which are supported against collapse by the internal circulation of the fluid within the star. We compute their unstable modes of oscillations driven by gravitational wave radiation and shear viscosity, modeling them as triaxial Riemann ellipsoids. We work in a perturbative regime, where the gravitational radiation reaction force is taken into account at 2.5-post-Newtonian order and find unstable modes with dissipation timescales $\gtrsim 1$ ms which are relevant to the transient state of a hypermassive remnant of a merger. We show that the secular instabilities are dominated by gravitational wave radiation. If the shear viscosity is included, it can increase the growth times or even stabilize the unstable modes, but it must have values several orders of magnitude larger than predicted for cold neutron stars., 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Accepted by ApJ Letters
- Published
- 2020
37. Light clusters in dilute heavy-baryon admixed nuclear matter
- Author
-
Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Mass number ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Hyperon ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear matter ,Asymmetry ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,Baryon ,Pion ,Isospin ,Nuclear Experiment ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,media_common - Abstract
We study the composition of nuclear matter at sub-saturation densities, non-zero temperatures, and isospin asymmetry, under the conditions characteristic of binary neutron star mergers, stellar collapse, and low-energy heavy-ion collisions. The composition includes light clusters with mass number $A\le 4$, a heavy nucleus ($\isotope[56]{Fe}$), the $\Delta$-resonances, the isotriplet of pions, as well as the $\Lambda$ hyperon. The nucleonic mean-fields are computed from a zero-range density functional, whereas the pion-nucleon interactions are treated to leading order in chiral perturbation theory. We show that with increasing temperature and/or density the composition of matter shifts from light-cluster to heavy baryon dominated one, the transition taking place nearly independent of the magnitude of the isospin. Our findings highlight the importance of simultaneous treatment of light clusters and heavy baryons in the astrophysical and heavy-ion physics contexts., Comment: v3: matches published version; v2: version in print, some clarifications, corrections, and additional references, 8 page, 4 figures. v1: 6 pages, 4 figures
- Published
- 2020
38. Proto-neutron stars with heavy baryons and universal relations
- Author
-
Adriana R. Raduta, Micaela Oertel, Armen Sedrakian, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (NIPNE), IFIN-HH, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)
- Subjects
Particle physics ,dense matter ,Octet ,[PHYS.NUCL]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Theory [nucl-th] ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,stars: neutron ,0103 physical sciences ,Covariant transformation ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,equation of state ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Moment of inertia ,Baryon ,Stars ,Neutron star ,Compact space ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Lepton - Abstract
We use covariant density functional theory to obtain the equation of state (EoS) of matter in compact stars at non-zero temperature, including the full baryon octet as well as the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance states. Global properties of hot $\Delta$-admixed hypernuclear stars are computed for fixed values of entropy per baryon ($S/A$) and lepton fraction ($Y_L$). Universal relations between the moment of inertia, quadrupole moment, tidal deformability, and compactness of compact stars are established for fixed values of $S/A$ and $Y_L$ that are analogous to those known for cold catalyzed compact stars. We also verify that the $I$-Love-$Q$ relations hold at finite temperature for constant values of $S/A$ and $Y_L$., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Confronting GW190814 with hyperonization in dense matter and hypernuclear compact stars
- Author
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Jia Jie Li, Fridolin Weber, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Coalescence (physics) ,Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Binary number ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics ,Compact star ,Lambda ,01 natural sciences ,Black hole ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Stars ,Neutron star ,Millisecond pulsar ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Nuclear Experiment ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics - Abstract
We examine the possibility that the light companion in the highly asymmetric binary compact object coalescence event GW190814 is a hypernuclear star. We use density functional theory with functionals that have been tuned to the properties of $\Lambda$ hypernuclei as well as astrophysical constraints placed by the masses of the most massive millisecond pulsars, the mass-radius range inferred from the NICER experiment, and the binary neutron star merger event GW170817. We compute general-relativistic static and maximally rotating Keplerian configurations of purely nucleonic and hypernuclear stars. We find that while nucleonic stars are broadly consistent with a neutron star being involved in GW190814, this would imply no new degrees of freedom in the dense matter up to 6.5 times the nuclear saturation density. Allowing for hyperonization of dense matter, we find that the maximal masses of hypernuclear stars, even for maximal rapidly rotating configurations, are inconsistent with a stellar nature interpretation of the light companion in GW190814, implying that this event involved two black holes rather than a neutron star and a black hole., Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor editorial improvements, matches published version
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Competition between delta isobars and hyperons and properties of compact stars
- Author
-
Armen Sedrakian, Jia Jie Li, and Fridolin Weber
- Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Equation of state ,Nuclear Theory ,Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear Experiment ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Coupling constant ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Nuclear matter ,Baryon ,Neutron star ,Stars ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Isobar ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The $\Delta$-isobar degrees of freedom are included in the covariant density functional (CDF) theory to study the equation of state (EoS) and composition of dense matter in compact stars. In addition to $\Delta$'s we include the full octet of baryons, which allows us to study the interplay between the onset of delta isobars and hyperonic degrees of freedom. Using both the Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximation we find that $\Delta$'s appear already at densities slightly above the saturation density of nuclear matter for a wide range of the meson-$\Delta$ coupling constants. This delays the appearance of hyperons and significantly affects the gross properties of compact stars. Specifically, $\Delta$'s soften the EoS at low densities but stiffen it at high densities. This softening reduces the radius of a canonical $1.4 M_\odot$ star by up to 2~km for a reasonably attractive $\Delta$ potential in matter, while the stiffening results in larger maximum masses of compact stars. We conclude that the hypernuclear CDF parametrizations that satisfy the 2$M_\odot$ maximum mass constraint remain valid when $\Delta$ isobars are included, with the important consequence that the resulting stellar radii are shifted toward lower values, which is in agreement with the analysis of neutron star radii., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor changes, matches published version
- Published
- 2018
41. Bulk viscosity of baryonic matter with trapped neutrinos
- Author
-
Arus Harutyunyan, Mark G. Alford, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,media_common.quotation_subject ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Asymmetry ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,0103 physical sciences ,010306 general physics ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,media_common ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Condensed matter physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Volume viscosity ,Nuclear matter ,Baryon ,Neutron star ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Isospin ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,Neutrino ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Lepton - Abstract
We study bulk viscosity arising from weak current Urca processes in dense baryonic matter at and beyond nuclear saturation density. We consider the temperature regime where neutrinos are trapped and therefore have nonzero chemical potential. We model the nuclear matter in a relativistic density functional approach, taking into account the trapped neutrino component. We find that the resonant maximum of the bulk viscosity would occur at or below the neutrino trapping temperature, so in the neutrino trapped regime the bulk viscosity decreases with temperature as $T^{-2}$, this decrease being interrupted by a drop to zero at a special temperature where the proton fraction becomes density-independent and the material scale-invariant. The bulk viscosity is larger for matter with lower lepton fraction, i.e., larger isospin asymmetry. We find that bulk viscosity in the neutrino-trapped regime is smaller by several orders of magnitude than in the neutrino-transparent regime, which implies that bulk viscosity in neutrino-trapped matter is probably not strong enough to affect significantly the evolution of neutron star mergers. This also implies weak damping of gravitational waves emitted by the oscillations of the postmerger remnant in the high-temperature, neutrino-trapped phase of evolution., Comment: v2: matches published version, 27 pages, 21 figures, uses RevTex
- Published
- 2019
42. Cooling of hypernuclear compact stars: Hartree-Fock models and high-density pairing
- Author
-
Fridolin Weber, Adriana R. Raduta, Jia Jie Li, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Nuclear Theory ,Hartree–Fock method ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Scaling ,Urca process ,Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR) ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Equation of state (cosmology) ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,Hartree ,Stars ,Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,Space and Planetary Science ,Pairing ,Density functional theory ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
The thermal evolution of hypernuclear compact stars is studied for stellar models constructed on the basis of covariant density functional theory in Hartree and Hartree-Fock approximation. Parametrizations of both types are consistent with the astrophysical mass constraints on compact stars and available hypernuclear data. We discuss the differences of these density functionals and highlight the effects they have on the composition and on the cooling of hypernuclear stars. It is shown that hypernuclear stars computed with density functional models that have a low symmetry energy slope, $L$, are fairly consistent with the cooling data of observed compact stars. The class of stellar models based on larger $L$ values gives rise to the direct Urca process at low densities, which leads to significantly faster cooling. We conjecture high-density pairing for protons and $\Lambda$'s in the $P$-wave channel and provide simple scaling arguments to obtain these gaps. As a consequence the most massive stellar models with masses $1.8 \le M/M_{\odot} \le2$ experience slower cooling by hyperonic dUrca processes which involve $\Lambda$'s and protons., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures
- Published
- 2019
43. Axion cooling of neutron stars. II. Beyond hadronic axions
- Author
-
Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Bremsstrahlung ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Fermion ,Electron ,Coupling (probability) ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Nuclear physics ,Stars ,Neutron star ,0103 physical sciences ,Neutron ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,Axion - Abstract
We study the axion cooling of neutron stars within the Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) model, which allows for tree level coupling of electrons to the axion {and locks the Peccei-Quinn charges of fermions via an angle parameter}. This extends our previous study [Phys. Rev. D 93, 065044 (2016)] limited to hadronic models of axions. We explore the two-dimensional space of axion parameters within the DFSZ model by comparing the theoretical cooling models with the surface temperatures of a few stars with measured surface temperatures. It is found that axions masses $m_a\ge 0.06$ to 0.12 eV can be excluded by x-ray observations of thermal emission of neutron stars (in particular by those of Cas A), the precise limiting value depending on the angle parameter of the DFSZ model. It is also found that axion emission by electron bremsstrahlung in neutron star crusts is negligible except for the special case where neutron Peccei-Quinn charge is small enough, so that the coupling of neutrons to axions can be neglected., v2: Extended discussion and results, matches published version, 10 pages, 9 figures; v1: 8 pages, 7 figures, uses RevTex
- Published
- 2019
44. Relativistic hybrid stars with sequential first-order phase transitions and heavy-baryon envelopes
- Author
-
Armen Sedrakian, Jia Jie Li, and Mark G. Alford
- Subjects
Physics ,Quark ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Particle physics ,Phase transition ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Hadron ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Deconfinement ,Baryon ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Stars ,Strange matter ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Phase (matter) ,0103 physical sciences ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
We compute the mass, radius and tidal deformability of stars containing phase transitions from hadronic to quark phase(s). These quantities are computed for three types of hadronic envelopes: purely nuclear, hyperonic, and $\Delta$-resonance--hyperon admixed matter. We consider either a single first-order phase transition to a quark phase with a maximally stiff equation of state (EOS) or two sequential first-order phase transitions mimicking a transition from hadronic to a quark matter phase followed by a second phase transition to another quark phase. We explore the parameter space which produces low-mass twin and triplet configurations where equal-mass stars have substantially different radii and tidal deformabilities. We demonstrate that while for purely hadronic stiff EOS the obtained maximum mass is inconsistent with the upper limit on this quantity placed by GW170817, the inclusion of the hyperonic and $\Delta$-resonance degrees of freedom, as well as the deconfinement phase transition at sufficiently low density, produces a configuration of stars consistent with this limit. The obtained hybrid star configurations are in the mass range relevant for the interpretation of the GW170817 event. We compare our results for the tidal deformability with the limits inferred from GW170817 showing that the onset of non-nucleonic phases, such as $\Delta$-resonance--hyperon admixed phase and/or the quark phase(s), are favored by this data if the nuclear EOS is stiff. Also, we show that low-mass twins and especially triplets proliferate the number of combinations of possible types of stars that can undergo a merger event, the maximal number being six in the case of triplets. The prospects for uncovering the first-order phase transition(s) to and in quark matter via measurements of tidal deformabilities in merger events are discussed., Comment: 11 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables; minor corrections, matches published version
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Constraining compact star properties with nuclear saturation parameters
- Author
-
Jia Jie Li and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Physics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Nuclear Theory ,Isovector ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Isoscalar ,Hadron ,Hyperon ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Compact star ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Neutron star ,0103 physical sciences ,Saturation (graph theory) ,Sensitivity (control systems) ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,Mathematical physics - Abstract
A set of hadronic equations of state (EoSs) derived from relativistic density functional theory and constrained by terrestrial experiments, astrophysical observations, in particular by the GW170817 event, and chiral effective field theory ($\chi$EFT) of neutron matter is used to explore the sensitivity of the EoS parameterization on the few nuclear matter characteristics defined at the saturation density. We find that the gross properties of compact stars are most sensitive to the isoscalar skewness coefficient $Q_{\text{sat}}$ and the isovector slope coefficient $L_{\text{sym}}$ around saturation density, since the higher order coefficients, such as $K_{\text{sym}}$, are fixed by our model. More specifically, (i) among these $Q_{\text{sat}}$ is the dominant parameter controlling both the maximum mass and the radii of compact stars while $L_{\rm sym}$ is constrained somewhat by $\chi$EFT of neutron matter; (ii) massive enough ($M\sim 2.0~M_{\odot})$ compact stars featuring both hyperons and $\Delta$ resonances can be obtained if the value of $Q_{\text{sat}}$ is large enough; (iii) the emergence of $\Delta$'s reduces the radius of a canonical mass ($M\sim 1.4~M_{\odot})$ compact star thus easing the tension between the predictions of the relativistic density functionals and the inferences from the X-ray observation of nearby isolated neutron stars., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables. Discussions and references added. Phys. Rev. C in press
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Rapidly rotating Δ-resonance-admixed hypernuclear compact stars
- Author
-
Armen Sedrakian, Fridolin Weber, and Jia Jie Li
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Particle physics ,Equation of state ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,Isoscalar ,Nuclear matter ,7. Clean energy ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:QC1-999 ,Gravitational waves ,Black hole ,Gravitation ,Neutron star ,Stars ,Rapid rotation ,0103 physical sciences ,Compact stars ,Heavy baryons ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,010306 general physics ,lcsh:Physics - Abstract
We use a set of hadronic equations of state derived from covariant density functional theory to study the impact of their high-density behavior on the properties of rapidly rotating $\Delta$-resonance-admixed hyperonic compact stars. In particular, we explore systematically the effects of variations of the bulk energy isoscalar skewness, $Q_{\mathrm{sat}}$, and the symmetry energy slope, $L_{\mathrm{sym}}$, on the masses of rapidly rotating compact stars. With models for equation of state satisfying all the modern astrophysical constraints, excessively large gravitational masses of around $2.5 \, M_{\odot}$ are only obtained under three conditions: (a) strongly attractive $\Delta$-resonance potential in nuclear matter, (b) maximally fast (Keplerian) rotation, and (c) parameter ranges $Q_{\mathrm{sat}}\gtrsim500$ MeV and $L_{\mathrm{sym}}\lesssim50$ MeV. These values of $Q_{\mathrm{sat}}$ and $L_{\mathrm{sym}}$ have a rather small overlap with a large sample (total of about 260) parametrizations of covariant nucleonic density functionals. The extreme nature of requirements (a)-(c) reinforces the theoretical expectation that the secondary object involved in the GW190814 event is likely to be a low-mass black hole rather than a supramassive neutron star., Comment: 8 pages with 5 figures, matches published version
- Published
- 2020
47. Superfluidity and Pairing Phenomena from Cold Atomic Gases to Neutron Stars
- Author
-
John W. Clark, Eckhard Krotscheck, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Physics ,Nuclear physics ,Superfluidity ,Neutron star ,Pairing ,0103 physical sciences ,General Materials Science ,010306 general physics ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,010305 fluids & plasmas - Published
- 2017
48. Relativistic Dissipative Fluid Dynamics from Non-Equilibrium Statistical Operator
- Author
-
Armen Sedrakian, Arus Harutyunyan, and Dirk H. Rischke
- Subjects
Physics ,statistical operator ,correlation functions ,Nuclear Theory ,relativistic fluid dynamics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,non-equilibrium states ,FOS: Physical sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Formalism (philosophy of mathematics) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Classical mechanics ,0103 physical sciences ,transport coefficients ,Fluid dynamics ,Dissipative system ,ddc:530 ,010306 general physics ,Quantum - Abstract
We present a new derivation of second-order relativistic dissipative fluid dynamics for quantum systems using Zubarev's formalism for the non-equilibrium statistical operator. In particular, we discuss the shear-stress tensor to second order in gradients and argue that the relaxation terms for the dissipative quantities arise from memory effects contained in the statistical operator. We also identify new transport coefficients which describe the relaxation of dissipative processes to second order and express them in terms of equilibrium correlation functions, thus establishing Kubo-type formulae for the second-order transport coefficients., v2: 11 pages, no figures, references added, matches published version. v1: 10 pages
- Published
- 2018
49. Implications from GW170817 and I-Love-Q relations for relativistic hybrid stars
- Author
-
David Blaschke, Kent Yagi, Vasileios Paschalidis, David Alvarez-Castillo, and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
Equation of state ,Nuclear Theory ,FOS: Physical sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc) ,Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics ,Astrophysics ,01 natural sciences ,General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Gravitation ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,Quark star ,Tests of general relativity ,0103 physical sciences ,Binary star ,Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ,010303 astronomy & astrophysics ,Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics ,High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Physics ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Gravitational wave ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Stars ,Neutron star ,Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena - Abstract
Gravitational wave observations of GW170817 placed bounds on the tidal deformabilities of compact stars allowing one to probe equations of state for matter at supranuclear densities. Here we design new parametrizations for hybrid hadron-quark equations of state, that give rise to low-mass twin stars, and test them against GW170817. We find that GW170817 is consistent with the coalescence of a binary hybrid star--neutron star. We also test and find that the I-Love-Q relations for hybrid stars in the third family agree with those for purely hadronic and quark stars within $\sim 3\%$ for both slowly and rapidly rotating configurations, implying that these relations can be used to perform equation-of-state independent tests of general relativity and to break degeneracies in gravitational waveforms for hybrid stars in the third family as well., 8 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables; matches published version, updated fig. 2
- Published
- 2018
50. Superfluidity in nuclear systems and neutron stars
- Author
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John W. Clark and Armen Sedrakian
- Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE) ,Quantum fluid ,Physics ,Nuclear and High Energy Physics ,Nuclear Theory ,010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Quantum vortex ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Nuclear matter ,01 natural sciences ,Nuclear Theory (nucl-th) ,Superfluidity ,Nuclear physics ,Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas) ,Quantum state ,Pairing ,0103 physical sciences ,Nuclear fusion ,Neutron ,010306 general physics ,Nuclear Experiment ,Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena ,Condensed Matter - Quantum Gases - Abstract
Nuclear matter and finite nuclei exhibit the property of superfluidity by forming Cooper pairs. We review the microscopic theories and methods that are being employed to understand the basic properties of superfluid nuclear systems, with emphasis on the spatially extended matter encountered in neutron stars, supernova envelopes, and nuclear collisions. Our survey of quantum many-body methods includes techniques that employ Green functions, correlated basis functions, and Monte Carlo sampling of quantum states. With respect to empirical realizations of nucleonic and hadronic superfluids, this review is focused on progress that has been made toward quantitative understanding of their properties at the level of microscopic theories of pairing, with emphasis on the condensates that exist under conditions prevailing in neutron-star interiors. These include singlet $S$-wave pairing of neutrons in the inner crust, and, in the quantum fluid interior, singlet-$S$ proton pairing and triplet coupled $P$-$F$-wave neutron pairing. Additionally, calculations of weak-interaction rates in neutron-star superfluids within the Green function formalism are examined in detail. We close with a discussion of quantum vortex states in nuclear systems and their dynamics in neutron-star superfluid interiors., Review article, 63 pages, 28 figures, v4 matches journal version. [v2 and v3: 58 pages, 28 figures, v1: 50 pages, 27 figures]
- Published
- 2018
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